Lompat ke isi

Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Glorious Engine (bicara | kontrib)
Rachmat-bot (bicara | kontrib)
k Robot: Perubahan kosmetika
Baris 5: Baris 5:
'''Provinsi di India''', yang sebelumnya '''Kepresidenan di India Britania''' dan sebelumnya lagi, '''Kota kepresidenan''' adalah divisi administratif kegubernuran Britania di anak benua tersebut. Dalam bentuk tersebut atau bentuk lainnya, mereka berdiri antara 1612 dan 1947, secara konvensional dibagi dalam tiga masa sejarah.
'''Provinsi di India''', yang sebelumnya '''Kepresidenan di India Britania''' dan sebelumnya lagi, '''Kota kepresidenan''' adalah divisi administratif kegubernuran Britania di anak benua tersebut. Dalam bentuk tersebut atau bentuk lainnya, mereka berdiri antara 1612 dan 1947, secara konvensional dibagi dalam tiga masa sejarah.


*Pada 1612–1757, [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur]] membentuk [[Pabrik (pos perdagangan)|"pabrik-pabrik" (pos perdagangan)]] di beberapa tempat, kebanyakan di pesisir India, dengan konsen para kaisar Moghul atau penguasa lokal. Saingannya adalah perusahaan dagang Benda dan Perancis. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, tiga "kota kepresidenan": Madras, Bombay, dan Kalkuta diperluas.
* Pada 1612–1757, [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur]] membentuk [[Pabrik (pos perdagangan)|"pabrik-pabrik" (pos perdagangan)]] di beberapa tempat, kebanyakan di pesisir India, dengan konsen para kaisar Moghul atau penguasa lokal. Saingannya adalah perusahaan dagang Benda dan Perancis. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, tiga "kota kepresidenan": Madras, Bombay, dan Kalkuta diperluas.
*Pada [[masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India]], 1757–1858, Perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi kedahulatan di sebagian besar India, yang sekarang disebut "Kepresidenan".
* Pada [[masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India]], 1757–1858, Perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi kedahulatan di sebagian besar India, yang sekarang disebut "Kepresidenan".
*Setelah [[Pemberontakan India 1857]], sisa-sisa kekuatan perusahaan tersebut dipindahkan ke Mahkota. Di [[Kemaharajaan Britania]] yang baru (1858–1947), kedaulatan dibagi dalam beberapa daerah yang baru, seperti [[Dataran Tinggi Burma]]. Namun, kepresidenan-kepresidenannya diturunkan menjadi "Provinsi".<ref>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|1908|p=5}} Quote: "The history of British India falls ... into three periods. From the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers, and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the Mutiny of 1857, the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown ..." (p. 5)</ref>
* Setelah [[Pemberontakan India 1857]], sisa-sisa kekuatan perusahaan tersebut dipindahkan ke Mahkota. Di [[Kemaharajaan Britania]] yang baru (1858–1947), kedaulatan dibagi dalam beberapa daerah yang baru, seperti [[Dataran Tinggi Burma]]. Namun, kepresidenan-kepresidenannya diturunkan menjadi "Provinsi".<ref>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|1908|p=5}} Quote: "The history of British India falls ... into three periods. From the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers, and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the Mutiny of 1857, the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown ..." (p. 5)</ref>


==India Britania==
== India Britania ==
===Empat Divisi Besar India===
=== Empat Divisi Besar India ===
Empat divisi pemerintahan pada 1851 terdiri dari:
Empat divisi pemerintahan pada 1851 terdiri dari:
*[[Kepresidenan Bengal]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Kalkuta]]
* [[Kepresidenan Bengal]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Kalkuta]]
*[[Kepresidenan Bombay]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Bombay]]
* [[Kepresidenan Bombay]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Bombay]]
*[[Kepresidenan Madras]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Madras]]
* [[Kepresidenan Madras]] dengan ibukotanya di [[Madras]]
*[[Provinsi-Provinsi Barat Laut]] dengan kursi Letnan-Gubernur di [[Agra]]
* [[Provinsi-Provinsi Barat Laut]] dengan kursi Letnan-Gubernur di [[Agra]]
==Kota-kota kepresidenan (1600–1765)==
== Kota-kota kepresidenan (1600–1765) ==
<Center>
<Center>
<Gallery>
<Gallery>
Baris 29: Baris 29:
* [[Kepresidenan Bengal]]: didirikan 1690.
* [[Kepresidenan Bengal]]: didirikan 1690.


==Lihat pula==
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Kekaisaran Britania di India]] (untuk penggunaan)
* [[Kekaisaran Britania di India]] (untuk penggunaan)
* [[Kekuasaan Britania di Burma]]
* [[Kekuasaan Britania di Burma]]
Baris 36: Baris 36:
* [[Kekaisaran Mughal]]
* [[Kekaisaran Mughal]]


==Catatan==
== Catatan ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
* ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]
* ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]
*{{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II|title=The Indian Empire, Historical|publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's [[India Office|Secretary of State for India in Council]], Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxv, 1 map, 573|year=1908}}
* {{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II|title=The Indian Empire, Historical|publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's [[India Office|Secretary of State for India in Council]], Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxv, 1 map, 573|year=1908}}
*{{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III|title=The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502)|publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxvi, 1 map, 520|year=1908}}
* {{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III|title=The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502)|publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxvi, 1 map, 520|year=1908}}
*{{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|title=The Indian Empire, Administrative|publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552|year=1908}}
* {{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|title=The Indian Empire, Administrative|publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552|year=1908}}


==Bacaan tambahan==
== Bacaan tambahan ==
* {{Cite book| last=Bandyopadhyay| first=Sekhar| year=2004| title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India| place=| publisher=New Delhi and London: Orient Longmans. Pp. xx, 548.| isbn=81-250-2596-0}}
* {{Cite book| last=Bandyopadhyay| first=Sekhar| year=2004| title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India| place=| publisher=New Delhi and London: Orient Longmans. Pp. xx, 548.| isbn=81-250-2596-0}}
* {{Cite book| last=Brown| first=Judith M.| year=1994| title=Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy| place=| publisher=Oxford and New York: [[Oxford University Press]]. Pp. xiii, 474| isbn=0-19-873113-2}}
* {{Cite book| last=Brown| first=Judith M.| year=1994| title=Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy| place=| publisher=Oxford and New York: [[Oxford University Press]]. Pp. xiii, 474| isbn=0-19-873113-2}}
Baris 66: Baris 66:
* [http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/default.htm Digital Colonial Documents (India) Homepage] at latrobe.edu.au
* [http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/default.htm Digital Colonial Documents (India) Homepage] at latrobe.edu.au
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm Provinces of British India] at worldstatesmen.org
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm Provinces of British India] at worldstatesmen.org
*Collection of early 20th century photographs of the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras with other interesting Indian locations from the magazine, ''India Illustrated'', at the [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp15195coll29 University of Houston Digital Library ]
* Collection of early 20th century photographs of the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras with other interesting Indian locations from the magazine, ''India Illustrated'', at the [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp15195coll29 University of Houston Digital Library ]
* [http://coinindia.com/index-british.html Coins of British India]
* [http://coinindia.com/index-british.html Coins of British India]



Revisi per 4 Januari 2016 14.29

Kolonial India
Kekaisaran India Britania
Entitas kekaisaran di India
India Belanda1605–1825
India Denmark1620–1869
India Prancis1769–1954
India Portugis
(1505–1961)
Casa da Índia1434–1833
Perusahaan India Timur Portugis1628–1633
India Britania
(1612–1947)
Perusahaan India Timur1612–1757
Kekuasaan perusahaan di India1757–1858
Kemaharajaan Britania1858–1947
Kekuasaan Britania di Burma1824–1948
Negara-negara kepangeranan1721–1949
Partisi India
1947
Sebuah mezotin yang menggambarkan Benteng William, Kalkuta, ibukota Kepresidenan Bengal di India Britania pada 1735

Provinsi di India, yang sebelumnya Kepresidenan di India Britania dan sebelumnya lagi, Kota kepresidenan adalah divisi administratif kegubernuran Britania di anak benua tersebut. Dalam bentuk tersebut atau bentuk lainnya, mereka berdiri antara 1612 dan 1947, secara konvensional dibagi dalam tiga masa sejarah.

  • Pada 1612–1757, Perusahaan Hindia Timur membentuk "pabrik-pabrik" (pos perdagangan) di beberapa tempat, kebanyakan di pesisir India, dengan konsen para kaisar Moghul atau penguasa lokal. Saingannya adalah perusahaan dagang Benda dan Perancis. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, tiga "kota kepresidenan": Madras, Bombay, dan Kalkuta diperluas.
  • Pada masa kekuasaan perusahaan di India, 1757–1858, Perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi kedahulatan di sebagian besar India, yang sekarang disebut "Kepresidenan".
  • Setelah Pemberontakan India 1857, sisa-sisa kekuatan perusahaan tersebut dipindahkan ke Mahkota. Di Kemaharajaan Britania yang baru (1858–1947), kedaulatan dibagi dalam beberapa daerah yang baru, seperti Dataran Tinggi Burma. Namun, kepresidenan-kepresidenannya diturunkan menjadi "Provinsi".[1]

India Britania

Empat Divisi Besar India

Empat divisi pemerintahan pada 1851 terdiri dari:

Kota-kota kepresidenan (1600–1765)

Lihat pula

Catatan

  1. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1908, hlm. 5 Quote: "The history of British India falls ... into three periods. From the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers, and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the Mutiny of 1857, the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown ..." (p. 5)

Referensi

  • The Imperial Gazetteer of India (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. online edition
  • Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II (1908), The Indian Empire, Historical, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxv, 1 map, 573 
  • Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1908), The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502), Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxvi, 1 map, 520 
  • Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV (1908), The Indian Empire, Administrative, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552 

Bacaan tambahan

  • Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004). From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India. New Delhi and London: Orient Longmans. Pp. xx, 548. ISBN 81-250-2596-0. 
  • Brown, Judith M. (1994). Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 474. ISBN 0-19-873113-2. 
  • Copland, Ian (2001). India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series). Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. 160. ISBN 0-582-38173-8. 
  • Harrington, Jack (2010). Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-10885-1. 
  • Judd, Dennis (2004). The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 280. ISBN 0-19-280358-1. 
  • Majumdar, R. C.; Raychaudhuri, H. C.; Datta, Kalikinkar (1950). An Advanced History of India. London: Macmillan and Company Limited. 2nd edition. Pp. xiii, 1122, 7 maps, 5 coloured maps. 
  • Markovits, Claude (ed) (2005). A History of Modern India 1480–1950 (Anthem South Asian Studies). Anthem Press. Pp. 607. ISBN 1-84331-152-6. 
  • Metcalf, Barbara; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006). A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxxiii, 372. ISBN 0-521-68225-8. .
  • Mill, James (1820). The History of British India, in six volumes. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 3rd edition, 1826. 
  • Peers, Douglas M. (2006). India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885. Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. xvi, 163. ISBN 0-582-31738-X. 
  • Riddick, John F. (2006). The history of British India: a chronology. 
  • Riddick, John F. (1998). Who Was Who in British India. 
  • Sarkar, Sumit (1983). Modern India: 1885–1947. Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. Pp. xiv, 486. ISBN 0-333-90425-7. 
  • Smith, Vincent A. (1921). India in the British Period: Being Part III of the Oxford History of India. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. 2nd edition. Pp. xxiv, 316 (469–784). 
  • Spear, Percival (1990). A History of India, Volume 2: From the sixteenth century to the twentieth century. New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298. ISBN 0-14-013836-6. 

Pranala luar

Templat:Presidenan dan provinsi di India Britania Templat:Distrik dalam sejarah India Templat:Teritorial Kekaisaran Britania