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Revisi per 12 Desember 2007 07.59

Mestizo (bahasa Portugis, Mestiço; bahasa Prancis, Métis: dari bahasa Latin Belakangan mixticius, dari bahasa Latin mixtus, bentuk lampau sempurna dari miscere, "mencampur") adalah istilah yang berasal dari bahasa Spanyol yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan orang-orang yang berdarah campuran Eropa dan non-Eropa. Dalam bahasa Indonesia dikenal istilah orang Indo yang biasanya diberikan untuk mereka yang berdarah campuran Eropa (umumnya Belanda) dan pribumi. Istilah ini biasanya diberikan kepada orang-orang yang berdarah campuran Eropa dan Indian yang tinggal di benua Amerika, dari prairie Kanada di utara hingga Argentina dan daerah Patagonia di selatan Chili.

Di tempat-tempat dan negara-negara lain yang pernah dijajah Spanyol, Portugis, atau Prancis, berbagai istilah serupa juga digunakan untuk orang-orang yang berdarah campuran Eropa dan penduduk pribumi Asia, Afrika, dan Oseania non-Eropa. Di Filipina, istilah Mestiso, atau Mistiso, adalah istilah generik untuk orang-orang yang berdarah campuran asing dan pribumi Filipino.

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 '''Mestizo''' (''[[bahasa Portugis]]'', '''Mestiço'''; ''[[bahasa Prancis]]'', '''Métis''': dari [[bahasa Latin Belakangan]] ''mixticius'', dari [[bahasa Latin]] ''mixtus'', bentuk lampau sempurna dari ''miscere'', "mencampur") adalah istilah yang berasal dari [[bahasa Spanyol]] yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan orang-orang yang berdarah campuran [[Eropa]] dan non-Eropa. Dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]] dikenal istilah '''orang Indo''' yang biasanya diberikan untuk mereka yang berdarah campuran [[Eropa]] (umumnya [[Belanda]]) dan [[pribumi]]. Istilah ini biasanya diberikan kepada orang-orang yang berdarah campuran Eropa dan [[Indian]] yang tinggal di benua Amerika, dari [[prairie Kanada]] di utara hingga [[Argentina]] dan daerah [[Patagonia]] di selatan [[Chili]].
-Di tempat-tempat dan negara-negara lain yang pernah dijajah Spanyol, Portugis, atau Prancis, berbagai istilah serupa juga digunakan untuk orang-orang yang berdarah campuran Eropa dan penduduk pribumi [[Asia]], [[Afrika]], dan [[Oseania]] non-Eropa. Di [[Filipina]], istilah '''Mestiso''', atau '''Mistiso''', adalah istilah generik untuk orang-orang yang berdarah campuran asing dan pribumi [[Filipino]]. <!--
+Di tempat-tempat dan negara-negara lain yang pernah dijajah Spanyol, Portugis, atau Prancis, berbagai istilah serupa juga digunakan untuk orang-orang yang berdarah campuran Eropa dan penduduk pribumi [[Asia]], [[Afrika]], dan [[Oseania]] non-Eropa. Di [[Filipina]], istilah '''Mestiso''', atau '''Mistiso''', adalah istilah generik untuk orang-orang yang berdarah campuran asing dan pribumi [[Filipino]].
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Argentina]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Belize]]
-==The Americas==
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bolivia]]
-===Hispanic America and Brazil===
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Chili]]
-'''The Mestizo/Mestiço'''
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Kolombia]]
-[[Image:Mestizo.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A representation of Mestizos in "Pintura de Castas" during the Latin American colonial period. "''De español e india, produce mestizo''" (Of a Spaniard and an Amerindian, produces a Mestizo).]]Under the [[caste]] system of colonial [[Latin America]] and [[Spain]], the term originally applied only to the children resulting from the union of one [[European]] and one [[Amerindian]] parent, or the children of two mestizo parents. During this era a myriad of other terms ([[castizo]], cuarterón de indio, [[cholo]], etc.) were in use to denote other individuals of European/Amerindian ancestry in ratios smaller or greater than the 50:50 of mestizos. Today, mestizo refers to all people with discernible amounts of both European and Amerindian ancestry.
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Kosta Rika]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Ekuador]]
-Mestizos are thought to make up the majority of the populations of [[Chile]]<sup>[[#1|1]]</sup> (90%), [[Colombia]] (58%), [[Ecuador]] (65%), [[El Salvador]] (90%), [[Honduras]]<sup>[[#2|2]]</sup> (90%), [[Mexico]]<sup>[[#2|2]]</sup> (60%), [[Nicaragua]] (69%), [[Panama]]<sup>[[#2|2]]</sup> (70%), [[Paraguay]] (95%) and [[Venezuela]] (67%).
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di El Salvador]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Guatemala]]
-In other American countries where mestizos do not constitute a majority, they nonetheless represent a significant portion of their populations; [[Argentina]]<sup>[[#3|3]]</sup> (approx. 13%), [[Belize]] (44%), [[Bolivia]] (30%), [[Peru]] (37%), and [[Uruguay]]<sup>[[#3|3]]</sup> (8%). In [[Brazil]], mestiços are also commonly known as ''Caboclos'', and they comprise approximately 12 percent. In [[Costa Rica]] mestizos are combined with [[White (people)|whites]] and accounted for as a single figure, together they are estimated at 94% of the population.
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Honduras]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Meksiko]]
-[[Image:Porfirio Diaz civilian.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Porfirio Díaz|Porfirio Díaz Mori]],  [[President of Mexico]] from [[1876]] until [[1911]]. Mexican mestizo of Spanish/[[Mixtec]] ancestry.]]Hispanic nations of the Caribbean are a peculiar case with respect to ancestry. At least in [[Puerto Rico]] - where broad [[Race (U.S. Census)|U.S. census categories]] have disallowed the mixed ancestry of most Puerto Ricans to be officially acknowledged - the population has been said to comprise a White majority, an extinct Amerindian population, persons of mixed ancestry, Africans and a small Asian minority. However, recent genetic research has revealed matrilineal Native American ancestry in roughly 61% of the population and patrilineal European ancestry in 75%, thus technically deeming most to be mestizos. An overwhelming majority of Puerto Rican citizens, however, simply define themselves as "Puerto Rican", placing greater importance to national-ethnic identity rather than racial categorization.
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Nikaragua]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Panama]]
-In Mexico and Peru, mestizo has also come to be used as a cultural label. In a cultural context, people are considered ''indígena'' (Amerindian) if they live following their traditional ways of life (clothing, customs and indigenous languages), otherwise they are also deemed ''mestizo'', what in [[Central America]] would be called ''[[ladino (disambiguation)|ladino]]''. Additionally, in the Mexican case, most of the [[Afro-Mexican]] minority would also simply identify as ''mestizo'', rather than black, [[mulatto]] or [[zambo]], by virtue of their cultural traits rather than their ancestry. These cultural implications of "mestizo" can result in an overcount of the population - in the Mexican case, as high as 80% according to some sources - which would otherwise be mestizo on a racial level. Also, race is not recorded by the Mexican nor Peruvian census, so that any calculations performed by government bodies or independent agencies are always estimates.
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Paraguay]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Peru]]
-Furthermore, though [[Cuba]] and the [[Dominican Republic]] are recorded as primarily mulatto nations, evidence of Amerindian bloodlines exists and traces of indigenous [[Taino]] culture are ubiquitous.
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Filipina]]
+[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Venezuela]]
-====Mestizos from Hispanic America in Europe====
-The first mestizos of whom there is verified evidence of having set foot on [[Europe]]an soil are the grandchildren of [[Moctezuma II]], [[Aztec]] emperor of Mexico, whose royal descent the Spanish crown acknowledged. Of this family, the most infamous descendants are the Counts of [[Miravalle]], in [[Andalucía]], [[Spain]], who even today demand the payment of the so called "Moctezuma pensions" by the Mexican government. The [[interest]] alone of said pensions would suffice for every single one of Moctezuma's modern descendants to live comfortable and luxurious lives.
-Martín Cortés, son of the [[conquistador|Spanish conquistador]] [[Hernán Cortés]] and of the [[Náhuatl]]-[[Maya language|Maya]] indigenous Mexican interpreter [[Malinche]], in fact arrived first, however, he was exiled from Spain as punishment for leading a rebellion.
-From Peru also arrived the mestizo historian known as [[Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], son of conquistador Sebastián Garcilaso de la Vega and of the [[inca]] princess Isabel Chimpo Oclloun. He lived in the town of [[Montilla]], in [[Andalucía]], where he died in [[1616]].
-Starting from the early [[1970s]] and throughout all of the [[1980s]], Europe saw the arrival of thousands of Chilean mestizos seeking political refuge during the dictatorial government of [[Augusto Pinochet]]. Today, there is a growing number of mestizo immigrants in [[Western Europe]], primarily from Ecuador and Colombia.
-===Canada===
-'''The Métis'''
-{{main|Métis people}}
-{{mergefrom|Métis}}
-[[Image:Métis woman.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Métis people|Métis woman]] in [[Saskatchewan]], [[Canada]].]]In Canada, the '''Métis''' are regarded as an independent ethnic group. This community of descent consists of individuals descended from marriages of [[First Nation]] women—specifically [[Cree]], [[Ojibwa|Ojibway]] and [[Saulteaux]]—to [[French Canadian]] and [[Britain|British]] employees of the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. Their history dates to the mid-seventeenth century, and they have been recognized as a people since the early eighteenth.
-Their territory roughly includes the 3 Prairie provinces ([[Manitoba]], [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]]), parts of [[Ontario]], [[British Columbia]] and the [[Northwest Territories]], as well as, parts of the northern [[United States]] (i.e. [[North Dakota]], [[Montana]]).
-Traditionally, the Métis spoke a mixed language called [[Michif]] (with various regional dialects). Michif (a phonetic spelling of the Métis pronunciation of ''Métif'', a variant of ''Métis'') is also used as the name of the Métis people. The name is most commonly applied to descendants of communities in what is now southern [[Manitoba]]. The name is also applied to the descendants of similar communities in what are now [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[Labrador]] and the [[Northwest Territories]], although these groups' histories are different from that of the western Métis.
-Estimates of the number of Métis vary from 300,000 to 700,000 or more. In September 2002, the Métis people adopted a national definition of Métis for citizenship within the "Métis Nation". Based on this definition, it is estimated that there are 350,000 to 400,000 Métis Nation citizens in Canada. Many Métis classify as Métis anyone who can prove that an ancestor applied for money scrip or land scrip as part of nineteenth-century treaties with the Canadian government.
-The Métis are not recognized as a First Nation by the Canadian government and do not receive the benefits granted to First Nations (see [[Indian Act (Canada)|Indian Act]]). However, the new Canadian constitution of 1982 recognizes the Métis as an [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Aboriginal people]] and has enabled individual Métis to sue successfully for recognition of their traditional rights, such as rights to hunt and trap. In [[2003]], a court ruling in [[Ontario]] found that the Métis deserve the same rights as other aboriginal communities in Canada.
-===The United States===
-'''"Mixed-Bloods" and Mestizos'''
-[[Image:SacDollar.jpeg|right|150px|thumb|[[Jean Baptiste Charbonneau]] depicted on the [[United States dollar coin|U.S. dollar coin]].]]
-In the [[United States of America|United States]] the term "mixed-blood" is more often employed for non-Hispanic individuals of mixed European and Native American ancestry, while ''mestizo'' is the term of choice for Hispanic individuals (whether U.S.-born or immigrant) of that same mixed ancestry.
-Of the [[Mexican Americans]] who have lived in the [[Southwestern United States]] for several generations prior to annexation and incorporation of that region into the United States - previously a part of [[Mexico]] -  many classify themselves as mestizo, particularly those who also identify as [[Chicano]]. ''See also [[Tejano]]s''.
-Of the over 40 million Hispanics in the United States, around half are said to be mestizos. The high birth rate among Hispanics in the United States is mostly attributed to mestizos. An additional 48% of Hispanics racially identify as White, though of these many may also possess at least some Amerindian ancestry.
-Renowned ''mixed-blooded'' persons in United States' history are many. One such example is [[Jean Baptiste Charbonneau]], who guided the [[Mormon Battalion]] from [[New Mexico]] to the city of [[San Diego]] in [[California]] in [[1846]], and then accepted an appointment there as [[alcalde]] of [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia|Mission San Luis Rey]]. His father, [[Toussaint Charbonneau]], was a French Canadian interpreter, and his mother [[Sacagawea]] was the [[Shoshone]] guide of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]]. He can be found depicted on the [[United States dollar coin]] along with his mother, Sacagawea.
-A more contemporary ''mixed-blood'' U.S personality includes internationally acclaimed actor [[Johnny Depp]]. Depp is of [[Cherokee]], [[English people|English]] and [[German people|German]] ancestry. Meanwhile, an internationally known U.S. ''mestizo'' is boxing champion [[Oscar de la Hoya]].
-The group of Americans in the [[Appalachia]] region known as [[Melungeons]] are another mixed-race population. ''See also [[Passing]].''
-==Asia==
-===The Philippines===
-====The Mestiso====
-[[Image:Jose rizal 01.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Chinese-mestizo [[José Rizal]], national hero of the [[Philippines]].]]During the early colonial period of the [[Philippines]], the term originally referred only to those of mixed [[Filipino people|Filipino]] and [[Spain|Spanish]] or [[Mexico|Mexican]] ancestry. However, the term soon became generic and [[synonym|synonymous]] for "mixed race". With the Chinese presence in the Philippines always being numerically greater than that of Spaniards or Mexicans, individuals of mixed [[Filipino people|Filipino]] and [[China|Chinese]] ancestry became more prevalent than those of Filipino and Spanish or Filipino and Mexican descent.
-The term has since been freely used to refer to all Filipinos of mixed ancestry, irrespective of racial combination or ratio, but typically including an ethnic [[Filipino people|Filipino]] base stock. The combined number of all types of ''mestisos'' constitute no more than 2% of the entire Filipino population. Of that 2%, less than half are of the Spanish variety. A recent [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf genetic study] by [[Stanford University]], however, indicates that 3.6% of the population has at least some European ancestry. ''See also [[Demographics of the Philippines]] and [[Ethnic groups of the Philippines]]''.
-Modern categories of Filipino mestisos include the already mentioned Spanish-mestisos and Chinese-mestisos, as well as Japanese-mestisos (those of mixed [[Filipino people|Filipino]] and [[Japan|Japanese]] descent) and American-mestisos (those of mixed [[Filipino people|Filipino]] and [[United States|American]]<sup>[[#4|4]]</sup> descent), ''et cetera''. Those of a mixture of Filipino with another [[North Asia]]n ancestry may also be commonly referred to as "Chinito/a" (diminutive of ''Chino/a''; Chinese), though this would more correctly be applied only to those mestisos of Chinese descent. Other terms denoting Chinese-mestisos include [[Sangley]] and the vernacular "Tsinoy".
-Furthermore, in Filipino usage, the term is often regarded a synonym of "''beauty''", and is also employed to denote any unmixed Filipino of a lighter skin complexion, especially when used in its vernacular form of "Tisoy", a backformation of [''mes'']TISO'''Y'''.
-====Mestiso ascendancy====
-In contrast to Latin America, where mestizos ([[European]]/[[Amerindian]]) quickly came to comprise the majority of the population, in the Philippines the combined number of all types of Filipino-mestisos never accounted for more than 2% of a population which - apart from a Chinese and Spanish minority which numbered fewer than the mestisos - was mainly and predominantly native Filipino. Upon the retreat of Spain and Mexico at the end of colonial occupation, people of mestiso ancestry were able to position themselves at the top of a caste-based [[social structure]] which the Spanish had previously established and dominated. As a result, mestisos held the greatest governing influence in the country, almost absolute control of commerce and industry, and an excessively disproportionate share of wealth.
-Conversely, their [[Latino]] mestizo counterparts - who by then comprised the ''common'' majority of Latin America - possessed little governing influence, lived at subsistence levels, and were ruled by a well-established [[Creole#Latin American Creole|Spanish creole]] population that was to remain in power. In essence, the absence of a post-colonial Spanish creole presence in the Philippines allowed the small minority of Filipino-mestisos to fill the roles vacated by the Spanish creoles - the Spanish creoles who had by that time formed a relatively large population in Latin America.
-[[Image:Isabel preysler.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Spanish-mestisa [[Isabel Preysler]] in her youth.]][[Image:Lalaine Vergara.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Spanish-mestisa [[Lalaine|Lalaine Vergara]] in a recent press release photo.]]During the late [[19th century]], Filipino mestisos initiated most movements and revolts against Spain. One such movement lead by the national hero of the Philippines, Chinese-mestiso [[José Rizal]], was the Propaganda Movement. Although these movements failed to achieve their intended goals, Filipino mestisos also initiated the calls for Filipino revolt and, with the aid of the [[Spanish-American War]] and the [[Philippine-American War]], subsequently achieved independence. In the [[1899]] Constitution of Malolos, they instituted [[Spanish in the Philippines|Spanish as the official language of the Philippines]] despite it never being spoken by more than 10% of the total population. However, it was scrapped as an official language in the [[1973]] Constitution under the [[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos administration]], and as a college requirement in [[1987]] during the [[Corazón Aquino|Aquino administration]].
-By the time the Philippines had gained independence from Spain, Filipino mestisos had placed themselves as the fundamental role players in the founding of the modern Philippine government, and in the majority of its key positions. The first president of the First Philippine Republic, [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], was a Chinese-mestiso, while the next and first president of the Philippine Commonwealth, [[Manuel L. Quezon|Manuel L. Quezón]], was a Spanish-mestiso, and the next president, [[Sergio Osmeña]], was another Chinese-mestiso, etc. Today, despite constituting one of the smallest minorities, mestisos continue to hold a monopoly over the country’s economic and corrupt [[oligarchy|oligarchic]] political systems.
-Spanish-mestisos have long constituted the great majority of the upper class and rarely intermingle with those outside their ethnic group. Today, a great majority are either in politics or are high-ranking executives of commerce and industry and hold great control over the country's economy. An almost equally large number are also members of the entertainment industry, which they have saturated disproportionately. The biased favouritism responsible for their overwhelming presence in film and television is deeply-rooted on established Filipino "ideals of beauty" that stem from colonial concepts, and which are determined based on the possession of partial European ancestry. ''See also: [[Colonial mentality]]''.
-Chinese-mestisos also form part of both the upper and middle classes. Most are successful and prosperous business people, and also highly involved in the running of the country. Some are also in the entertainment industry.
-Two famous Spanish-mestisas residing outside of the [[Philippines]] are [[Isabel Preysler]], in her youth a stunningly beautiful model in Spain, mother of pop singer [[Enrique Iglesias]] and ex-wife of Spanish music legend [[Julio Iglesias]]; and [[Lalaine|Lalaine Vergara]], more commonly known for playing "Miranda Sánchez" (a [[Mexican-American]] character) on [[Disney Channel]]'s highly-rated show, [[Lizzie McGuire]].
-===East Timor===
-====The Mestiço====
-[[Image:EastTimor.JoseRamosHorta.01.jpg|right|thumb|100px||[[East Timor|East Timorese]] ''mestiço'', Foreign Minister, [[José Ramos Horta]].]]In the former Portuguese colony of [[East Timor]], the term ''mestiço'' applied to those of mixed native [[East Timor|East Timorese]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] ancestry. They form a tiny (>1%) but economically and politically important minority.
-====Mestiço ascendancy====
-Much like the mestiso minority in the Philippines, the East Timorese mestiço minority typically comprises most of the small privileged upper and upper-middle classes, sorrounded by a mass of impoverished unmixed natives.
-From [[Indonesia]]'s invasion of the country on [[December 7th]], [[1975]] - just a week after East Timor's [[unilateral declaration of independence]] from Portugal on [[November 28]] - Timorese movements for independence from Indonesia were also largely headed by Portuguese-speaking mestiço activists.
-Mirroring post-independence Philippine history, following the end of Indonesia's occupation in [[1999]], many of the mestiço independence activists moved in to form much of the East Timorese government. [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] was also instituted as the nation's official language despite also being spoken by less than 10% of the population at that time.
-Current prominent East Timorese mestiços include president [[Xanana Gusmão]] and foreign minister [[José Ramos Horta]], among many others.
-===China===
-====Macau====
-In the former Portuguese colonly of [[Macau]] - a small territory on the southern coast of [[China]], previously the oldest [[Europe]]an [[colony]] in China, dating to the [[16th century]] - the name ''mestiço'' was applied to those of mixed [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] ancestry. They  form a small but relatively affluent minority of Macau's population (<5%), and are also known locally as [[Macanese people|Macanese]].
-Broadly, "Macanese"refers to all permanent residents of Macau, more narrowly it refers to the mixed-race community, the [[Macanese people]]. Macanese may also refer to their [[Macanese language]] (''Patuá'' or ''Macaista Chapado''), which is almost extinct. They are typically a prosperous class.
-Many Macanese ''mestiços'' immigrated to Portugal when [[sovereignty]] over Macau was transferred to the [[People's Republic of China]] in [[1999]], and Macau became a [[Special Administrative Region]] of the PRC. Some also immigrated to the [[United States]] ([[California]]), [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], and [[Peru]].
-===India===
-====Goa====
-In [[Goa]] - formely [[Portuguese India]] - mestiço was applied to those of mixed [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[India]]n ancestry. Though their European lineage is not English, they are often called [[Anglo Indian]]s, as a result of the legal definition of that latter term encompassing persons "whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent..."
-==Africa==
-====Portuguese-speaking Africa====
-=====São Tomé & Príncipe and Cape Verde=====
-[[Image:SaoTomePrincipe.FradiqueMenezes.01.jpg|thumb|right|100px|President of [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[Fradique de Menezes]].]]Prior to [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] exploration and settlemenment of both [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] and [[Cape Verde]], these islands were all uninhabited.
-In both countries, the great majority of their current populations descend from the mixing of the Portuguese that initially settled the islands from the 1400's onwards and the black Africans they abducted from the [[Africa|African mainland]] to work as slaves - mostly from [[Benin]], [[Gabon]], and the [[Congo]].
-Of São Tomé & Prícipe's 137,500 inhabitants, seventy-one percent are defined as ''mestiços'',  and another 71 percent of the population of Cape Verde is also classified as such.
-Currently, the most prominent and internationally known mestiço of São Tomé and Príncipe is president [[Fradique de Menezes]].
-=====Angola and Mozambique=====
-In the other two [[Geographic distribution of the Portuguese language#Africa|Portuguese-speaking African countries]] - [[Angola]] and [[Mozambique]] - ''mestiço'' is also used to describe people of mixed European and native African ancestry.
-In both countries they constitue small minorities under 2 percent.
-====French-speaking Africa====
-[[Métis]] (feminine ''Métisse'') in [[Francophonie#Africa|French-speaking Africa]] is used to describe people of mixed European and native African ancestry.
-In any French-speaking Africa country in which métis may be found, they constitute tiny minorities (<1%).
-==Trivia==
-* The sixth book of the popular [[Harry Potter]] series, "[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]" was supposed to be titled "''Harry Potter y el Príncipe Mestizo''" in Spanish speaking countries, a translation which introduces connotations beyond the original meaning of the title in English.
-It finally will be titled "''Harry Potter y el misterio del Principe''" attending to the publisher Company last minute decision.
-==Famous mestizos==
-*[[Cantinflas]], renouned Mexican comedian and actor
-*[[Porfirio Díaz]], Mexican presidente and dictador
-*[[Xanana Gusmão]], presidente of [[East Timor]]
-*[[Julio Jaramillo]], Ecuadorian folk singer
-*[[Jennifer López]], Puerto Rican descended [[United States of America|American]] actress and singer
-*[[Diego Armando Maradona]], Argentinian [[soccer]] player
-*[[Marcelo Ríos]], Chilean tennis player
-*[[José Rizal]], national hero of the Philippines
-*[[Mercedes Sosa]], Argentinian folk singer
-*[[Thalía]], Mexican actress and singer
-*[[Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], Peruvian writer and historian
-==Footnotes==
-#<small id="1">In Chile the Amerindian genetic legacy is present in almost the entirety of the population, however, mestizo individuals whose ratio of Spanish ancestry is relatively high, or almost intact, are not uncommon. Those whose mestizo ascendancy is discernible range between 65% and 75% of all Chileans, though even among these the degree of admixture varies. ''See also [[Demographics of Chile]]''</small>
-#<small id="2">In Honduras, Panama, and to a considerably smaller and less prominent degree in Mexico, the mestizo population has absorbed some African ancestry, either in the form of [[Mulatto]]s, [[Zambo]]s, or directly via the African slaves who were taken there during the colonial era.</small>
-#<small id="3">In Argentina, according to genetic research, 56% of all Argentinians have Amerindian ancestors. Of these, 90% inherited that Amerindian genetic legacy in the form of an admixture, and only 10% as their only racial element (51% and 5% of the population's total respectively). Of those who inherited the legacy in the form of an admixture, those whose ratio of Spanish (or other European) ancestry is almost intact are by far the norm. Those whose mestizo ascendancy is discernible are approximately 13% of all Argentinians. A similar case is to be found in Uruguay. ''See also [[Demographics of Argentina]]''</small>
-#<small id="4">In the American-mestisos of the Philippines, the American element may be of any race; White American, Hispanic American or African American.</small>
-==See also==
-*[[Mischling]].
-*[[List of terms for multiraciality]]
-==External links==
-*[http://www.mestizos.net/index.php Mestizos.net] -->
-[[Kategori:kelompok etnis]]
 [[de:Mestize]]