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*Forsyth, James, 'A History of the Peoples of Siberia', 1992.
*Forsyth, James, 'A History of the Peoples of Siberia', 1992.


* {{cite book |last=Anyiszimov |first=A. F. |title=Az ősközösségi társadalom szellemi élete |publisher=Kossuth Könyvkiadó |location=Budapest |year=1981 |language=Hungarian |isbn=963-09-1843-9}} Title means: "The spiritual life of primitive society". The book is composed out of the translations of the following two originals: {{cite book |last=Анисимов |first=Ф. А. |script-title=ru:Духовная жизнь первобытново общества |publisher=Наука |location=Москва • Ленинград |year=1966 |language=Russian}} The other one: {{cite book |last=Анисимов |first=Ф. А. |script-title=ru:Исторические особенности первобытново мышления |publisher=Наука |location=Москва • Ленинград |year=1971 |language=Russian}}
* {{cite book|last=Anyiszimov|first=A. F.|title=Az ősközösségi társadalom szellemi élete|publisher=Kossuth Könyvkiadó|location=Budapest|year=1981|language=Hungarian|isbn=963-09-1843-9}} Title means: "The spiritual life of primitive society". The book is composed out of the translations of the following two originals: {{cite book|last=Анисимов|first=Ф. А.|script-title=ru:Духовная жизнь первобытново общества|publisher=Наука|location=Москва • Ленинград|year=1966|language=Russian}} The other one: {{cite book|last=Анисимов|first=Ф. А.|script-title=ru:Исторические особенности первобытново мышления|publisher=Наука|location=Москва • Ленинград|year=1971|language=Russian}}
* {{cite book |author=Patty A. Gray |year=2005 |title=The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous Movement: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North |publisher=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-82346-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Patty A. Gray|year=2005|title=The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous Movement: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North|publisher=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-82346-3}}
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 ''Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg]
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 ''Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg]
* {{cite book |author=Anna Kerttula |year=2000 |title=Antler on the Sea |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=0-8014-3681-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Anna Kerttula|year=2000|title=Antler on the Sea|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-3681-8}}
* {{cite web |title=The Chukchis |url=http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/chukchis.shtml |work=The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire}}
* {{cite web |title=The Chukchis |url=http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/chukchis.shtml |work=The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.allthingsarctic.com/people/chukchi.aspx |title=All Things Arctic}}{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.allthingsarctic.com/people/chukchi.aspx |title=All Things Arctic}}{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}
* {{cite book |last=Zolotarjov |first=A.M. |chapter=Társadalomszervezet és dualisztikus teremtésmítoszok Szibériában |editor=Hoppál, Mihály |title=A Tejút fiai. Tanulmányok a finnugor népek hitvilágáról |pages=29–58 |publisher=Európa Könyvkiadó |location=Budapest |year=1980 |language=Hungarian |isbn= 963-07-2187-2}} Chapter means: "Social structure and dualistic creation myths in Siberia"; title means: "The sons of Milky Way. Studies on the belief systems of Finno-Ugric peoples".
* {{cite book|last=Zolotarjov|first=A.M.|chapter=Társadalomszervezet és dualisztikus teremtésmítoszok Szibériában|editor=Hoppál, Mihály|title=A Tejút fiai. Tanulmányok a finnugor népek hitvilágáról|pages=29–58|publisher=Európa Könyvkiadó|location=Budapest|year=1980|language=Hungarian|isbn= 963-07-2187-2}} Chapter means: "Social structure and dualistic creation myths in Siberia"; title means: "The sons of Milky Way. Studies on the belief systems of Finno-Ugric peoples".
* {{cite AV media |title=Ĉukĉ, Even, Jukaghir. Kolyma: Chants de nature et d'animaux. Sibérie 3 |publisher=Musique du monde}}
* {{cite AV media |title=Ĉukĉ, Even, Jukaghir. Kolyma: Chants de nature et d'animaux. Sibérie 3 |publisher=Musique du monde}}


Baris 45: Baris 45:
{{Commons category|Chukchi people}}
{{Commons category|Chukchi people}}
*[http://www.holyebooks.org/?p=258 Chukchee Mythology by Waldemar Bogoras]
*[http://www.holyebooks.org/?p=258 Chukchee Mythology by Waldemar Bogoras]
* {{cite book |last=Bogoraz |first=Waldemar |authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz |title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 1: Material culture |series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History |year=1904 |location=Leiden • New York |publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/6/M11Pt01.pdf |format=pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 1: Material culture|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1904|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/6/M11Pt01.pdf|format=pdf}}
* {{cite book |last=Bogoraz |first=Waldemar |authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz |title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 2: Religion |series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History |year=1907 |location=Leiden • New York |publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/5/M11Pt02.pdf |format=pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 2: Religion|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1907|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/5/M11Pt02.pdf|format=pdf}}
* {{cite book |last=Bogoraz |first=Waldemar |authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz |title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 3: Social organization |series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History |year=1909 |location=Leiden • New York |publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/4/M11Pt03.pdf |format=pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 3: Social organization|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1909|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/4/M11Pt03.pdf|format=pdf}}
* {{cite book |last=Bogoraz |first=Waldemar |authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz |title=Chukchee Mythology |series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History |year=1910 |location=Leiden • New York |publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/28/1/M12Pt01.pdf |format=pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=Chukchee Mythology|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1910|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/28/1/M12Pt01.pdf|format=pdf}}
* {{cite journal |last=Siimets |first=Ülo |title=The Sun, the Moon and Firmament in Chukchi Mythology and on the Relations of Celestial Bodies and Sacrifices |journal=Electronic Journal of Folklore |publisher=Estonian Folklore |volume=32 |year=2006 |pages=129–156 |url=http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol32/siimets.pdf |format=pdf |doi=10.7592/fejf2006.32.siimets}}
* {{cite journal |last=Siimets |first=Ülo |title=The Sun, the Moon and Firmament in Chukchi Mythology and on the Relations of Celestial Bodies and Sacrifices |journal=Electronic Journal of Folklore |publisher=Estonian Folklore |volume=32 |year=2006 |pages=129–156 |url=http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol32/siimets.pdf |format=pdf |doi=10.7592/fejf2006.32.siimets}}



Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 19.50

Chukchi
ԓыгъоравэтԓьэт, о'равэтԓьэт
Orang Chukchi
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Russia)
 Russia15,908[1]
 Ukraine30[2]
Bahasa
Russian, Chukchi
Agama
Shamanism, Russian Orthodoxy
Kelompok etnik terkait
other Chukotko-Kamchatkan peoples
Representasi sebuah keluarga Chukchi oleh Louis Choris (1816)

Chukchi (Rusia: чукчи (jamak), чукча (Tunggal)) adalah penduduk asli yang mendiami Semenanjung Chukchi dan tepi Laut Chukchi dan wilayah Laut Bering dari Samudra Arktik dalam Federasi Rusia. Mereka berbicara bahasa Chukchi. Chukchi berasal dari orang-orang yang hidup sekitar Laut Okhotsk.

Sejarah budaya

Mayoritas Chukchi berada dalam Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, tetapi beberapa juga berada di negara tetangga Republik Sakha ke barat, Magadan Oblast di barat daya, dan Koryak Otonomi Okrug ke selatan. Beberapa Chukchi juga berada di bagian lain Rusia, serta di Eropa dan Amerika Utara Amerika. Jumlah Chukchi di dunia sedikit melebihi 16.000. Chukchi secara tradisional dibagi ke dalam Maritime Chukchi, yang telah menetap di rumah pantai dan hidup terutama dari laut mamalia berburu, dan rusa Chukchi, yang nomadised di pedalaman wilayah tundra dengan ternak mereka rusa. Nama Rusia "Chukchi" berasal dari Chukchi Kata Chauchu ("kaya rusa"), yang digunakan oleh 'Reindeer Chukchi' untuk membedakan diri dari 'Maritime Chukchi,' disebut Anqallyt ("orang- orang laut"). Itu Nama asli untuk anggota dari Chukchi kelompok etnis secara keseluruhan adalah Luoravetlan (Harfiah 'orang benar'). Di agama Chukchi , setiap benda, baik hidup maupun mati, diberikan roh. Semangat ini dapat berupa merugikan atau menguntungkan. Beberapa Chukchi mitos mengungkapkan dualistik kosmologi. praktik keagamaan Chukchi dilarang oleh Uni Soviet di 1920. Setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet, tanah pertanian milik pemerintah ditata kembali dan nominal diprivatisasi. Proses ini akhirnya merusak berbasis desa- ekonomi di Chukotka, dan wilayah ini masih belum sepenuhnya pulih. Banyak pedesaan Chukchi, seperti serta Rusia di desa-desa Chukotka itu, selamat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir hanya dengan bantuan bantuan kemanusiaan langsung. Beberapa Chukchi memiliki gelar universitas dicapai, menjadi penyair, penulis, politisi, guru, dan dokter.

Referensi

Pustaka

  • Forsyth, James, 'A History of the Peoples of Siberia', 1992.
  • Anyiszimov, A. F. (1981). Az ősközösségi társadalom szellemi élete (dalam bahasa Hungarian). Budapest: Kossuth Könyvkiadó. ISBN 963-09-1843-9.  Title means: "The spiritual life of primitive society". The book is composed out of the translations of the following two originals: Анисимов, Ф. А. (1966). Духовная жизнь первобытново общества (dalam bahasa Russian). Москва • Ленинград: Наука.  The other one: Анисимов, Ф. А. (1971). Исторические особенности первобытново мышления (dalam bahasa Russian). Москва • Ленинград: Наука. 
  • Patty A. Gray (2005). The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous Movement: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North. Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-82346-3. 
  • C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
  • Anna Kerttula (2000). Antler on the Sea. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3681-8. 
  • "The Chukchis". The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. 
  • "All Things Arctic". [pranala nonaktif]
  • Zolotarjov, A.M. (1980). "Társadalomszervezet és dualisztikus teremtésmítoszok Szibériában". Dalam Hoppál, Mihály. A Tejút fiai. Tanulmányok a finnugor népek hitvilágáról (dalam bahasa Hungarian). Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó. hlm. 29–58. ISBN 963-07-2187-2.  Chapter means: "Social structure and dualistic creation myths in Siberia"; title means: "The sons of Milky Way. Studies on the belief systems of Finno-Ugric peoples".
  • Ĉukĉ, Even, Jukaghir. Kolyma: Chants de nature et d'animaux. Sibérie 3. Musique du monde. 

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