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{{Redirect|Panzer V|the Rheinmetall PzKpfw NbFz V prototype tank|Neubaufahrzeug}}
{{Redirect|Panzer V|the Rheinmetall PzKpfw NbFz V prototype tank|Neubaufahrzeug}}
{{Infobox Weapon
{{Infobox Weapon
|name= Panther
|name= Panther
|image= [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H26258, Panzer V "Panther".jpg|300px]]
|image= [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H26258, Panzer V "Panther".jpg|300px]]
|caption= Panther Ausf. D, 1943.
|caption= Panther Ausf. D, 1943.
|origin=[[Nazi Jerman]]
|origin=[[Nazi Jerman]]
|type= Tank Kelas Medum
|type= Tank Kelas Medum
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_UK=yes
|is_UK=yes
|service= 1943–1945 (Nazi Jerman) <br /> 1944–1947 (Perancis)
|service= 1943–1945 (Nazi Jerman) <br /> 1944–1947 (Perancis)
|used_by= [[Nazi Jerman]]<br />[[Kerajaan Hungaria]]<br />[[Kerajaan Rmania]] (pasca-perang)<br />[[Uni Soviet]] (ditangkap)<br />[[Perancis]] (ditangkap, pasca-perang)<br />[[Britania Raya|Kerajaan Inggeris]] (ditangkap)
|used_by= [[Nazi Jerman]]<br />[[Kerajaan Hungaria]]<br />[[Kerajaan Rmania]] (pasca-perang)<br />[[Uni Soviet]] (ditangkap)<br />[[Perancis]] (ditangkap, pasca-perang)<br />[[Britania Raya|Kerajaan Inggeris]] (ditangkap)
|wars= [[Perang Dunia II]]
|wars= [[Perang Dunia II]]
|designer= MAN
|designer= MAN
|design_date= 1942
|design_date= 1942
|manufacturer=MAN, Daimler-Benz, MNH
|manufacturer=MAN, Daimler-Benz, MNH
|unit_cost=117,100 Reichmark {{refn|group=Notes|Without weapons, optics, or radio.}}
|unit_cost=117,100 Reichmark {{refn|group=Notes|Without weapons, optics, or radio.}}
|production_date= 1943–1945 (1946- 9 pasca perang)
|production_date= 1943–1945 (1946- 9 pasca perang)
|number= about 6,000<ref name="Jentz284"/>
|number= about 6,000<ref name="Jentz284"/>
|weight= {{convert|44.8|t|abbr=out|lk=on}}<ref name="Doyle28">Doyle and Jentz 1997, p. 28.</ref>
|weight= {{convert|44.8|t|abbr=out|lk=on}}<ref name="Doyle28">Doyle and Jentz 1997, p. 28.</ref>
|length= {{convert|6.87|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <br /> {{convert|8.66|m|ftin}} gun forward<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|length= {{convert|6.87|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <br /> {{convert|8.66|m|ftin}} gun forward<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|part_length=
|part_length=
|width= {{convert|3.27|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Doyle28"/><br> {{convert|3.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}} with skirts
|width= {{convert|3.27|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Doyle28"/><br> {{convert|3.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}} with skirts
|height= {{convert|2.99|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|height= {{convert|2.99|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|crew= 5 (pengemudi, operator radio, komando, penembak, pemuat senjata)
|crew= 5 (pengemudi, operator radio, komando, penembak, pemuat senjata)
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour=''Front'' <br>{{convert|221|mm|abbr=on}} effective against 76 mm APCBC<ref name="WWII Ballistics">{{cite book|last1=Bird|first1=Lorrin Rexford|last2=Livingston|first2=Robert D|title=WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery|publisher=Overmatch Press|page=13}}</ref><br>{{convert|161|mm|abbr=on}} effective against 100 mm APCBC<ref name="WWII Ballistics"/> <br>{{convert|144|mm|abbr=on}} effective against 122 mm APCBC<ref name="WWII Ballistics"/>
|armour=''Front'' <br>{{convert|221|mm|abbr=on}} effective against 76 mm APCBC<ref name="WWII Ballistics">{{cite book|last1=Bird|first1=Lorrin Rexford|last2=Livingston|first2=Robert D|title=WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery|publisher=Overmatch Press|page=13}}</ref><br>{{convert|161|mm|abbr=on}} effective against 100 mm APCBC<ref name="WWII Ballistics"/> <br>{{convert|144|mm|abbr=on}} effective against 122 mm APCBC<ref name="WWII Ballistics"/>
|primary_armament= 1 × [[7.5 cm KwK 42|7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70]]<br /> 79 rounds<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|primary_armament= 1 × [[7.5 cm KwK 42|7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70]]<br /> 79 rounds<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|secondary_armament= 2 × [[7,92 x 57 mm|7.92&nbsp;mm]] [[MG 34]] machine guns<br /> 5,100 rounds
|secondary_armament= 2 × [[7,92 x 57 mm|7.92&nbsp;mm]] [[MG 34]] machine guns<br /> 5,100 rounds
|engine= V-12 [[petrol]] [[Maybach]] [[Maybach HL230|HL230 P30]]<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|engine= V-12 [[petrol]] [[Maybach]] [[Maybach HL230|HL230 P30]]<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|engine_power= 700 PS (690 hp, 515 kW)
|engine_power= 700 PS (690 hp, 515 kW)
|transmission=ZF AK 7-200. 7 forward 1 reverse<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|transmission=ZF AK 7-200. 7 forward 1 reverse<ref name="Doyle28"/>
|fuel_capacity={{convert|720|l}}
|fuel_capacity={{convert|720|l}}
|pw_ratio= 15.39 PS/tonne (13.77 hp/ton)
|pw_ratio= 15.39 PS/tonne (13.77 hp/ton)
|suspension= double [[torsion bar]], interleaved road wheels
|suspension= double [[torsion bar]], interleaved road wheels
|clearance=
|clearance=
|vehicle_range= {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|vehicle_range= {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|speed= {{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (first models), {{convert|46|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (later models)
|speed= {{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (first models), {{convert|46|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (later models)
}}
}}


Baris 56: Baris 56:


{{Refbegin|30em}}
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last1 = Carruthers |first1 = Bob |title = The Panther V in Combat - Guderian's Problem Child |publisher = Archive Media Publishing Ltd. |location = London |year = 2012 |isbn = 978-1-78158-066-0 }}
* {{Cite book|last1 = Carruthers|first1 = Bob|title = The Panther V in Combat - Guderian's Problem Child|publisher = Archive Media Publishing Ltd.|location = London|year = 2012|isbn = 978-1-78158-066-0 }}
*{{Cite book|last1 = Doyle |first1 = Hilary |last2=Jentz |first2= Tom |title = Panther Variants 1942-45 |publisher = Osprey |location = London |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-1-85532-476-3 }}
*{{Cite book|last1 = Doyle|first1 = Hilary|last2=Jentz|first2= Tom|title = Panther Variants 1942-45|publisher = Osprey|location = London|year = 1997|isbn = 978-1-85532-476-3 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Forczyk |first = Robert |title = Panther Vs T-34: Ukraine 1943 |publisher = Osprey Publishing |location = Reading |year = 2007 |isbn = 978-1-84603-149-6 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Forczyk|first = Robert|title = Panther Vs T-34: Ukraine 1943|publisher = Osprey Publishing|location = Reading|year = 2007|isbn = 978-1-84603-149-6 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Frankson |first = Anders |title = Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis |publisher = Routledge |location = |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-7146-5052-8}}
* {{Cite book|last = Frankson|first = Anders|title = Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis|publisher = Routledge|location =|year = 2000|isbn = 0-7146-5052-8}}
* {{Cite book|last = Green |first = Michael |title = German Tanks of WWII |publisher = Zenith Press |location = |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-7603-0671-0}}
* {{Cite book|last = Green|first = Michael|title = German Tanks of WWII|publisher = Zenith Press|location =|year = 2000|isbn = 0-7603-0671-0}}
* {{Cite book|last = Hart |first = Stephen |title = Panther Medium Tank 1942-45 |publisher = Osprey Publishing (UK) |year = 2003 |isbn = 1-84176-543-0 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Hart|first = Stephen|title = Panther Medium Tank 1942-45|publisher = Osprey Publishing (UK)|year = 2003|isbn = 1-84176-543-0 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Healy |first = Mark |title = Zitadelle: The German Offensive Against the Kursk Salient 4–17 July 1943 |publisher = History Press |year = 2008 |isbn = 1-86227-336-7 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Healy|first = Mark|title = Zitadelle: The German Offensive Against the Kursk Salient 4–17 July 1943|publisher = History Press|year = 2008|isbn = 1-86227-336-7 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz |first = Thomas |title = Germany's Panther Tank |publisher = Schiffer Pub |location = Atglen |year = 1995 |isbn = 0-88740-812-5 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz|first = Thomas|title = Germany's Panther Tank|publisher = Schiffer Pub|location = Atglen|year = 1995|isbn = 0-88740-812-5 }}
* {{Cite book|last= Jentz |first= Thomas |title=Panzertruppen 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1943-1945 |publisher=Schiffer |year= 1996 |isbn= 978-0-7643-0080-6 }}
* {{Cite book|last= Jentz|first= Thomas|title=Panzertruppen 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1943-1945|publisher=Schiffer|year= 1996|isbn= 978-0-7643-0080-6 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz |first = Thomas |title = Germany's Tiger Tanks - VK45.02 to Tiger II |publisher = Schiffer Pub |location = Atglen |year = 1997 |isbn = 0-7643-0224-8}}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz|first = Thomas|title = Germany's Tiger Tanks - VK45.02 to Tiger II|publisher = Schiffer Pub|location = Atglen|year = 1997|isbn = 0-7643-0224-8}}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz |first = Thomas |title = Germany's Tiger Tanks - Tiger I and Tiger II: Combat Tactics |publisher = Schiffer Pub |location = Atglen |year = 1997 |isbn = 0-7643-0225-6 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz|first = Thomas|title = Germany's Tiger Tanks - Tiger I and Tiger II: Combat Tactics|publisher = Schiffer Pub|location = Atglen|year = 1997|isbn = 0-7643-0225-6 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz |first = Thomas |title = Germany's Tiger Tanks - D.W. to Tiger I |publisher = Schiffer Pub |location = Atglen |year = 2000 |isbn = 0764310380}}
* {{Cite book|last = Jentz|first = Thomas|title = Germany's Tiger Tanks - D.W. to Tiger I|publisher = Schiffer Pub|location = Atglen|year = 2000|isbn = 0764310380}}
*{{Cite book|last = Kurkowski |first = Franz |title = Panzer Aces: German Tank Commanders in World War II |publisher = Stackpole Books
*{{Cite book|last = Kurkowski|first = Franz|title = Panzer Aces: German Tank Commanders in World War II|publisher = Stackpole Books
|location = Mechanicsburg, PA USA |isbn = 0-8117-3173-1 }}
|location = Mechanicsburg, PA USA|isbn = 0-8117-3173-1 }}
* {{Cite journal|doi=10.2307/2280189 |last1=Ruggles |first1=Richard| authorlink1 = Richard Ruggles |last2=Brodie |date=March 1947 |first2=Henry |title=An empirical approach to economic intelligence in WWII |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |volume=42 |pages=72–91 |issue=237 |publisher=American Statistical Association |postscript=<!--None--> |jstor=2280189 }}
* {{Cite journal|doi=10.2307/2280189 |last1=Ruggles |first1=Richard| authorlink1 = Richard Ruggles |last2=Brodie |date=March 1947 |first2=Henry |title=An empirical approach to economic intelligence in WWII |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |volume=42 |pages=72–91 |issue=237 |publisher=American Statistical Association |postscript=<!--None--> |jstor=2280189 }}
* {{Cite book|last= Rust |first= Ken C |year=1967 |title=The Ninth Air Force in World War II |publisher=Aero Publishers |location= Fallbrook, CA |oclc=300987379|isbn= 0-911852-93-X|lccn= 67016454 }}
* {{Cite book|last= Rust|first= Ken C|year=1967|title=The Ninth Air Force in World War II|publisher=Aero Publishers|location= Fallbrook, CA|oclc=300987379|isbn= 0-911852-93-X|lccn= 67016454 }}
* {{Cite book|last1 = Scafes |first1 = Cornel I |last2 = Scafes |first2 = Ioan I |last3 = Serbanescu |first3 = Horia Vl |title = Trupele Blindate din Armata Romana 1919-1947 |publisher = Editura Oscar Print |location = Bucuresti |year = 2005 }}
* {{Cite book|last1 = Scafes|first1 = Cornel I|last2 = Scafes|first2 = Ioan I|last3 = Serbanescu|first3 = Horia Vl|title = Trupele Blindate din Armata Romana 1919-1947|publisher = Editura Oscar Print|location = Bucuresti|year = 2005 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Speer |first = Albert |title = Inside the Third Reich |publisher = Ishi Press |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-923891-73-2 |page=325}}
* {{Cite book|last = Speer|first = Albert|title = Inside the Third Reich|publisher = Ishi Press|year = 2009|isbn = 978-0-923891-73-2|page=325}}
* {{Cite book|last = Spielberger |first = Walter |title = The Panther & Its Variants |publisher = Schiffer Publishing |location = West Chester |year = 1993 |isbn = 0-88740-397-2 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Spielberger|first = Walter|title = The Panther & Its Variants|publisher = Schiffer Publishing|location = West Chester|year = 1993|isbn = 0-88740-397-2 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Wilbeck |first = Christopher |title = Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II |publisher = Aberjona Press |location = |year = 2004 |isbn = 0-9717650-2-2 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Wilbeck|first = Christopher|title = Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II|publisher = Aberjona Press|location =|year = 2004|isbn = 0-9717650-2-2 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga |first = Steven |title = Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two |publisher = Arms and Armour Press |location = London |year = 1984 |isbn = 0-85368-606-8 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga|first = Steven|title = Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two|publisher = Arms and Armour Press|location = London|year = 1984|isbn = 0-85368-606-8 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Zaloga |first = Steven |title = T-34 Medium Tank 1941-45 |publisher = Osprey Publishing (UK) |year = 1994 |isbn = 978-1-85532-382-7 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Zaloga|first = Steven|title = T-34 Medium Tank 1941-45|publisher = Osprey Publishing (UK)|year = 1994|isbn = 978-1-85532-382-7 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga |first = Steven |title = Soviet Tanks of the Great Patriotic War |publisher = Concord Publications |year = 1998 |isbn = 962-361-615-5 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga|first = Steven|title = Soviet Tanks of the Great Patriotic War|publisher = Concord Publications|year = 1998|isbn = 962-361-615-5 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga |first = Steven |title = Japanese Tanks 1939-45 |publisher = Osprey Publishing |location = Reading |year = 2007 |isbn = 978-1-84603-091-8 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga|first = Steven|title = Japanese Tanks 1939-45|publisher = Osprey Publishing|location = Reading|year = 2007|isbn = 978-1-84603-091-8 }}
*{{Cite book|last=Zaloga |first= Steven |year=2008 |title=Armored Thunderbolt |publisher= Stackpole |location= Mechanicsburg, PA |isbn =978-0-8117-0424-3}}
*{{Cite book|last=Zaloga|first= Steven|year=2008|title=Armored Thunderbolt|publisher= Stackpole|location= Mechanicsburg, PA|isbn =978-0-8117-0424-3}}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga |first = Steven |title = Panther vs. Sherman: Battle of the Bulge 1944 |publisher = Osprey Publishing (UK) |location = Oxford |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-1-84603-292-9 }}
* {{Cite book|last = Zaloga|first = Steven|title = Panther vs. Sherman: Battle of the Bulge 1944|publisher = Osprey Publishing (UK)|location = Oxford|year = 2008|isbn = 978-1-84603-292-9 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Zetterling |first = Niklas |title = Kursk 1943: a statistical analysis |publisher = Frank Cass |location = London |year = 2000 |isbn = 978-0-7146-5052-4 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Zetterling|first = Niklas|title = Kursk 1943: a statistical analysis|publisher = Frank Cass|location = London|year = 2000|isbn = 978-0-7146-5052-4 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.wwiivehicles.com/germany/tanks-medium/pzkpfw-v.asp|title=Germany's Panzerkampfwagen V, Panther, SdKfz 171|work=World War II Vehicles, Tanks and Airplanes |accessdate=24 June 2005}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.wwiivehicles.com/germany/tanks-medium/pzkpfw-v.asp|title=Germany's Panzerkampfwagen V, Panther, SdKfz 171|work=World War II Vehicles, Tanks and Airplanes |accessdate=24 June 2005}}
* {{cite book |last = Zaloga |first= Steven |year = 2015 |title = Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II |location = Mechanicsburg, PA |publisher = Stackpole Books |isbn = 978-0-8117-1437-2 |ref = harv }}
* {{cite book|last = Zaloga|first= Steven|year = 2015|title = Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II|location = Mechanicsburg, PA|publisher = Stackpole Books|isbn = 978-0-8117-1437-2|ref = harv }}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 21.53

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang the German World War II tank. Untuk the modern South Korean tank, lihat K2 Black Panther.
"Panzer V" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk the Rheinmetall PzKpfw NbFz V prototype tank, lihat Neubaufahrzeug.
Panther

Panther Ausf. D, 1943.
Jenis Tank Kelas Medum
Negara asal Nazi Jerman
Sejarah pemakaian
Masa penggunaan 1943–1945 (Nazi Jerman)
1944–1947 (Perancis)
Digunakan oleh Nazi Jerman
Kerajaan Hungaria
Kerajaan Rmania (pasca-perang)
Uni Soviet (ditangkap)
Perancis (ditangkap, pasca-perang)
Kerajaan Inggeris (ditangkap)
Pada perang Perang Dunia II
Sejarah produksi
Perancang MAN
Tahun 1942
Produsen MAN, Daimler-Benz, MNH
Biaya produksi 117,100 Reichmark [Notes 1]
Diproduksi 1943–1945 (1946- 9 pasca perang)
Jumlah produksi about 6,000[1]
Spesifikasi
Berat 448 ton (441 ton panjang; 494 ton pendek)[2]
Panjang 687 m (2.253 ft 11 in)
866 meter (2.841 ft 2 in) gun forward[2]
Lebar 327 m (1.072 ft 10 in)[2]
342 m (1.122 ft 1 in) with skirts
Tinggi 299 m (981 ft 0 in)
Awak 5 (pengemudi, operator radio, komando, penembak, pemuat senjata)
Perisai Front
221 mm (8,7 in) effective against 76 mm APCBC[3]
161 mm (6,3 in) effective against 100 mm APCBC[3]
144 mm (5,7 in) effective against 122 mm APCBC[3]
Senjata
utama 		1 × 7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70
79 rounds[2]
Senjata
pelengkap 		2 × 7.92 mm MG 34 machine guns
5,100 rounds
Jenis Mesin V-12 petrol Maybach HL230 P30[2]
700 PS (690 hp, 515 kW)
Daya kuda/ton 15.39 PS/tonne (13.77 hp/ton)
Transmisi ZF AK 7-200. 7 forward 1 reverse[2]
Suspensi double torsion bar, interleaved road wheels
Kapasitas tangki 720 liter (160 imp gal; 190 US gal)
Daya jelajah 250 km (160 mi)
Kecepatan 55 km/h (34 mph) (first models), 46 km/h (29 mph) (later models)

Tank Panther adalah Tank Nazi Jerman berkelas medium yang bertugas selama Perang Dunia ke-2 dari pertengahan 1943 sampai akhir Perang di Eropa pada tahun 1945. Digunakan untuk menghantam Tank Uni Soviet T-34, dan sebagai pengganti tugas dari Panzer III dan Panzer IV. Namun tak pernah mencapai tujuan tersebut karena berakhir nya perang. Panther ini berdinas bersama dengan Tank Tiger I sampai berakhirnya Pertempuran Berlin Sementara Tank Panther ini dianggap menjadi salah satu tank terbaik era Perang Dunia II yang di nilai dari Senjata dan Lapis Bajanya namun yang kurang nya hanya kecepatannya yang kurang dan biaya mahal untuk memproduksi tank ini.

Sampai 1944, sering disebut Panzerkampfwagen V Panther dan disebut Sd.Kfz versi Sd.Kfz. 171. Pada 27 Februari 1944, Hitler Menghilangkan angka Romawi "V" pada desain nya.

Di bandingkan Tiger I Panther memiliki kelebihan yang lebih baik dibandingkan Tiger meski menggunakan mesin yang sama namun Panther memiliki besi lebih tebal namun herannya tidak mengurangi kecepatan berapapun dan lebih ringan dibanding Tiger I dan dapat mempenetrasikan lebih baik lapis baja dari tank-tank lawan yang berhadapan face-to-face.

References

Notes
  1. ^ Without weapons, optics, or radio.
Citations
  1. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Jentz284
  2. ^ a b c d e f Doyle and Jentz 1997, p. 28.
  3. ^ a b c Bird, Lorrin Rexford; Livingston, Robert D. WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery. Overmatch Press. hlm. 13. 
Bibliography
  • Carruthers, Bob (2012). The Panther V in Combat - Guderian's Problem Child. London: Archive Media Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78158-066-0. 
  • Doyle, Hilary; Jentz, Tom (1997). Panther Variants 1942-45. London: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-85532-476-3. 
  • Forczyk, Robert (2007). Panther Vs T-34: Ukraine 1943. Reading: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-149-6. 
  • Frankson, Anders (2000). Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis. Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5052-8. 
  • Green, Michael (2000). German Tanks of WWII. Zenith Press. ISBN 0-7603-0671-0. 
  • Hart, Stephen (2003). Panther Medium Tank 1942-45. Osprey Publishing (UK). ISBN 1-84176-543-0. 
  • Healy, Mark (2008). Zitadelle: The German Offensive Against the Kursk Salient 4–17 July 1943. History Press. ISBN 1-86227-336-7. 
  • Jentz, Thomas (1995). Germany's Panther Tank. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-88740-812-5. 
  • Jentz, Thomas (1996). Panzertruppen 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1943-1945. Schiffer. ISBN 978-0-7643-0080-6. 
  • Jentz, Thomas (1997). Germany's Tiger Tanks - VK45.02 to Tiger II. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0224-8. 
  • Jentz, Thomas (1997). Germany's Tiger Tanks - Tiger I and Tiger II: Combat Tactics. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0-7643-0225-6. 
  • Jentz, Thomas (2000). Germany's Tiger Tanks - D.W. to Tiger I. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0764310380. 
  • Kurkowski, Franz. Panzer Aces: German Tank Commanders in World War II. Mechanicsburg, PA USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-3173-1. 
  • Ruggles, Richard; Brodie, Henry (March 1947). "An empirical approach to economic intelligence in WWII". Journal of the American Statistical Association. American Statistical Association. 42 (237): 72–91. doi:10.2307/2280189. JSTOR 2280189. 
  • Rust, Ken C (1967). The Ninth Air Force in World War II. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers. ISBN 0-911852-93-X. LCCN 67016454. OCLC 300987379. 
  • Scafes, Cornel I; Scafes, Ioan I; Serbanescu, Horia Vl (2005). Trupele Blindate din Armata Romana 1919-1947. Bucuresti: Editura Oscar Print. 
  • Speer, Albert (2009). Inside the Third Reich. Ishi Press. hlm. 325. ISBN 978-0-923891-73-2. 
  • Spielberger, Walter (1993). The Panther & Its Variants. West Chester: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-88740-397-2. 
  • Wilbeck, Christopher (2004). Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II. Aberjona Press. ISBN 0-9717650-2-2. 
  • Zaloga, Steven (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8. 
  • Zaloga, Steven (1994). T-34 Medium Tank 1941-45. Osprey Publishing (UK). ISBN 978-1-85532-382-7. 
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