Lompat ke isi

James Scullin: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib)
k →‎Bacaan lebih lanjut: minor cosmetic change
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib)
k →‎Bacaan lebih lanjut: minor cosmetic change
Baris 35: Baris 35:
'''Buku'''
'''Buku'''
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Alexander
|last = Alexander
|first = Fred
|first = Fred
|year = 1982
|year = 1982
|title = Australia Since Federation : A Narrative and Critical Analysis
|title = Australia Since Federation : A Narrative and Critical Analysis
|edition = Updated
|edition = Updated
|publisher = Nelson
|publisher = Nelson
|location = West Melbourne, Victoria
|location = West Melbourne, Victoria
|isbn = 978-0-17-005861-2
|isbn = 978-0-17-005861-2
|ref = {{sfnRef|Alexander}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Alexander}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Bastian
|last = Bastian
|first = Peter
|first = Peter
|year = 2009
|year = 2009
|title = Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man
|title = Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man
|publisher = UNSW Press
|publisher = UNSW Press
|location = Sydney, NSW
|location = Sydney, NSW
|isbn = 978-1-74223-004-7
|isbn = 978-1-74223-004-7
|ref = {{sfnRef|Bastian}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Bastian}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Carroll
|last = Carroll
|first = Brian
|first = Brian
|year = 2004
|year = 2004
|title = Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard
|title = Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard
|edition = Revised
|edition = Revised
|publisher = Rosenberg Publishing
|publisher = Rosenberg Publishing
|location = Dural, NSW
|location = Dural, NSW
|isbn = 978-1-877058-22-6
|isbn = 978-1-877058-22-6
|ref = {{sfnRef|Carroll}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Carroll}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Denning
|last = Denning
|first = Warren
|first = Warren
|year = 1982
|year = 1982
|title = Caucus Crisis: The Rise & Fall of the Scullin Government
|title = Caucus Crisis: The Rise & Fall of the Scullin Government
|publisher = Hale & Iremonger
|publisher = Hale & Iremonger
|location = Sydney, New South Wales
|location = Sydney, New South Wales
|isbn = 978-0-908094-92-9
|isbn = 978-0-908094-92-9
|ref = {{sfnRef|Denning}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Denning}}
}}
}}
* {{citation
* {{citation
Baris 93: Baris 93:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Murray
|last = Murray
|first = Robert
|first = Robert
|year = 1970
|year = 1970
|title = The Confident Years : Australia in the Twenties
|title = The Confident Years : Australia in the Twenties
|publisher = Allen Lane
|publisher = Allen Lane
|location = London, England
|location = London, England
|isbn = 978-0-7139-1155-8
|isbn = 978-0-7139-1155-8
|ref = {{sfnRef|Murray}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Murray}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Robertson
|last = Robertson
|first = John
|first = John
|year = 1974
|year = 1974
|title = J.H. Scullin: A Political Biography
|title = J.H. Scullin: A Political Biography
|publisher = University of Western Australia Press
|publisher = University of Western Australia Press
|location = Nedlands, Western Australia
|location = Nedlands, Western Australia
|isbn = 978-0-85564-074-3
|isbn = 978-0-85564-074-3
|ref = {{sfnRef|Robertson}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Robertson}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Schedvin
|last = Schedvin
|first = C.B.
|first = C.B.
|year = 1989
|year = 1989
|title = Australia and the Great Depression
|title = Australia and the Great Depression
|publisher = Sydney University Press
|publisher = Sydney University Press
|isbn = 978-0-424-06660-8
|isbn = 978-0-424-06660-8
|location = Sydney, New South Wales
|location = Sydney, New South Wales
|ref = {{sfnRef|Schedvin}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Schedvin}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Shann
|last = Shann
|first = E.O.G.
|first = E.O.G.
|year = 1927
|year = 1927
|title = The Boom of 1890 – and Now
|title = The Boom of 1890 – and Now
|publisher = Cornstalk
|publisher = Cornstalk
|location = Sydney, New South Wales
|location = Sydney, New South Wales
|ref = {{sfnRef|Shann}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Shann}}
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Souter
|last = Souter
|first = Gavin
|first = Gavin
|year = 1988
|year = 1988
|title = Acts of Parliament : A Narrative History of the Senate and House of Representatives
|title = Acts of Parliament : A Narrative History of the Senate and House of Representatives
|publisher = Melbourne University Press
|publisher = Melbourne University Press
|location = Carlton, Victoria
|location = Carlton, Victoria
|isbn = 978-0-522-84367-5
|isbn = 978-0-522-84367-5
|ref = {{sfnRef|Souter}}
|ref = {{sfnRef|Souter}}
}}
}}



Revisi per 16 Maret 2016 04.07

James Scullin
Perdana Menteri Australia ke-9
Pemilihan: 1929, 1931, 1934
Masa jabatan
22 Oktober 1929 – 6 Januari 1932
Penguasa monarkiGeorge V
Gubernur JenderalLord Stonehaven
Sir Isaac Isaacs
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Stanley Bruce
Pengganti
Joseph Lyons
Sebelum
Anggota Parlemen Australia untuk Yarra
Masa jabatan
18 Februari 1922 – 10 Desember 1949
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Frank Tudor
Pengganti
Stan Keon
Sebelum
Informasi pribadi
Lahir(1876-09-18)18 September 1876
Kekaisaran Britania Trawalla, Victoria, Imperium Britania
Meninggal28 Januari 1953(1953-01-28) (umur 76)
Australia Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Partai politikBuruh
Suami/istriSarah (McNamara) Scullin
ProfesiPenjual bahan makanan dan jurnalis
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

James Henry Scullin (18 September 1876 – 28 Januari 1953), adalah politikus Partai Buruh Australia yang menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Australia ke-9 dari tahun 1929 sampai tahun 1932. Ia adalah anggota Parlemen Australia untuk divisi elektoral Yarra dari tahun 1922 sampai tahun 1949. Scullin memimpin Partai Buruh hingga mengambil alih pemerintahan pada pemilihan tahun 1929. Runtuhnya Wall Street 1929 terjadi hanya dua hari setelah ia disumpah sebagai perdana menteri. Keruntuhan Wall Street 1929 menyebabkan Depresi Besar di Australia. Scullin sudah berada dalam posisi politik yang lemah, dan cobaan krisis ekonomi terbukti terlalu berat Scullin. Ditambah perselisihan antarpribadi dan perselisihan kebijakan yang akhirnya menyebabkan perpecahan tiga arah di dalam partainya, pemerintahannya jatuh pada akhir tahun 1931. Meskipun terjadi kekacauan ketika menjabat perdana menteri, Scullin tetap menjadi tokoh terkemuka dalam gerakan Buruh sepanjang hidupnya, dan menjabat sebagai éminence grise dalam berbagai kapasitas untuk partainya hingga pensiun pada tahun 1949.

Referensi

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Buku

  • Alexander, Fred (1982). Australia Since Federation : A Narrative and Critical Analysis (edisi ke-Updated). West Melbourne, Victoria: Nelson. ISBN 978-0-17-005861-2. 
  • Bastian, Peter (2009). Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man. Sydney, NSW: UNSW Press. ISBN 978-1-74223-004-7. 
  • Carroll, Brian (2004). Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard (edisi ke-Revised). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN 978-1-877058-22-6. 
  • Denning, Warren (1982). Caucus Crisis: The Rise & Fall of the Scullin Government. Sydney, New South Wales: Hale & Iremonger. ISBN 978-0-908094-92-9. 
  • Maddox, Graham (1978), "Australian Labor Party", dalam Starr, Graeme; Richmond, Keith; Maddox, Graham, Political Parties in Australia, Richmond, Victoria: Heinemann Educational Australia 
  • Murray, Robert (1970). The Confident Years : Australia in the Twenties. London, England: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-1155-8. 
  • Robertson, John (1974). J.H. Scullin: A Political Biography. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 978-0-85564-074-3. 
  • Schedvin, C.B. (1989). Australia and the Great Depression. Sydney, New South Wales: Sydney University Press. ISBN 978-0-424-06660-8. 
  • Shann, E.O.G. (1927). The Boom of 1890 – and Now. Sydney, New South Wales: Cornstalk. 
  • Souter, Gavin (1988). Acts of Parliament : A Narrative History of the Senate and House of Representatives. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-84367-5. 

Majalah

  • Barber, Stephen (2011), "Federal Election Results, 1901–2010", Parliamentary Library Research Papers, Canberra, ACT: Department of the Parliamentary Library  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)
  • Commonwealth of Australia, Parliamentary Debates, Canberra, ACT: House of Representatives 

Online

Pranala luar