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Daftar sultan Utsmaniyah: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 42: Baris 42:
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| [[Ertuğrul Gazi|''<small> Emir Gazi</small> ''<br />Ertuğrul Bey]]<br /> <small> [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm أرطغرل غازی<br />Amîr Ghazi -<br />The Esquire<br />(''b.'' 1191 - ''d.'' 1281)]</small>
| [[Ertuğrul Gazi|''<small> Emir Gazi</small> ''<br />Ertuğrul Bey]]<br /> <small> [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm أرطغرل غازی<br />Amîr Ghazi -<br />Tuan yang Terhormat<br />(''b.'' 1191 - ''d.'' 1281)]</small>
| <!--[[Berkas:Ertuğrul Gazi.jpg|80px|'''Ertuğrul Bey''']]-->
| <!--[[Berkas:Ertuğrul Gazi.jpg|80px|'''Ertuğrul Bey''']]-->
| 1230
| 1230
Baris 66: Baris 66:
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| 1
| 1
| [[Osman I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI (The Warrior)''<br />''BEY (The Esquire)''<br /><small>''KARA (lit. The Land or The Black) for his bravery''</small>
| [[Osman I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI (Prajurit)''<br />''BEY (Taun Yang Terhormat)''<br /><small>''KARA (Tanah atau Hitam) untuk keberaniannya''</small>
| [[Berkas:Osman Gazi.jpg|80px|Potret Osman I by John Young]]
| [[Berkas:Osman Gazi.jpg|80px|Potret Osman I by John Young]]
| 1299
| 1299
Baris 74: Baris 74:
*Anak [[Ertuğrul|Ertuğrul ''Ghazi'']] dan [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm Khālîma Khānum];
*Anak [[Ertuğrul|Ertuğrul ''Ghazi'']] dan [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm Khālîma Khānum];
*On 27 Juli 1299, declared his independence from the [[Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti|Anatolian Seljuk Empire]].
*On 27 Juli 1299, declared his independence from the [[Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti|Anatolian Seljuk Empire]].
*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFBB4CD394874238F9 | title = Sultan Osman Gazi | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = [[Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)|Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism]]}}</ref>
*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFBB4CD394874238F9 | title = Sultan Osman Gazi | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = [[Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata (Turki)|Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata Republik Turki]]}}</ref>
|-
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| 2
| 2
| [[Orhan I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI (The Warrior)''<br />''BEY (The Esquire)''</small>
| [[Orhan I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI (Pejuang)''<br />''BEY (Tuan Yang Terhormat)''</small>
| [[Berkas:Murad I-Manyal Palace Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Orhan]]
| [[Berkas:Murad I-Manyal Palace Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Orhan]]
| 1324
| 1324
Baris 99: Baris 99:
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| 4
| 4
| [[Bayezid I]]<br /><small>''YILDIRIM (The Thunderbolt)''</small>
| [[Bayezid I]]<br /><small>''YILDIRIM (Petir)''</small>
| [[Berkas:Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo]]
| [[Berkas:Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo]]
| [[Pertempuran Kosovo|15 Juni 1389]]
| [[Pertempuran Kosovo|15 Juni 1389]]
Baris 112: Baris 112:
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| [[İsa Çelebi]]<br /><small>''The Co-Sultan of [[Anatolia]]''</small>
| [[İsa Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Co-Sultan [[Anatolia]]''</small>
|
|
| 1403
| 1403
Baris 123: Baris 123:
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| [[Süleyman Çelebi|<small>Emir ''(Amir)''</small><br />Süleyman Çelebi]]<br /><small>''The First Sultan of [[Rumelia]]''</small>
| [[Süleyman Çelebi|<small>Emir ''(Amir)''</small><br />Süleyman Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Sultan [[Rumelia]] Pertama''</small>
| [[Berkas:Arolsen Klebeband 01 449 4.jpg|80px|Potret Süleyman Çelebi]]
| [[Berkas:Arolsen Klebeband 01 449 4.jpg|80px|Potret Süleyman Çelebi]]
| [[Pertempuran Ankara|20 Juli 1402]]
| [[Pertempuran Ankara|20 Juli 1402]]
Baris 133: Baris 133:
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| [[Musa Çelebi]]<br /><small>''The Second Sultan of [[Rumelia]]''</small>
| [[Musa Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Sultan [[Rumelia]] Kedua''</small>
| [[Berkas:Musa Çelebi.jpg|80px|Potret Musa Çelebi]]
| [[Berkas:Musa Çelebi.jpg|80px|Potret Musa Çelebi]]
| 18 Februari 1411
| 18 Februari 1411
Baris 139: Baris 139:
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*Acquired the title of ''The Sultan of [[Rumelia]]'' for the European portion of the empire<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt II'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75</ref>on 18 Februari 1411, just after the death of [[Süleyman Çelebi]].
*Menyandang gelar ''Sultan [[Rumelia]]'' untuk bagian Eropa dari kekaisaran tersebut<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt II'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75</ref>pada 18 Februari 1411, tepat setelah kematian [[Süleyman Çelebi]].
*Terbunuh pada 5 Juli 1413 oleh pasukan [[Mehmed Çelebi]] di Pertempuran ''Çamurlu Derbent'' dekat [[Samokov]] di [[Bulgaria]].<ref>Joseph von Hammer:''Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I'' (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p. 58-60.</ref>
*Terbunuh pada 5 Juli 1413 oleh pasukan [[Mehmed Çelebi]] di Pertempuran ''Çamurlu Derbent'' dekat [[Samokov]] di [[Bulgaria]].<ref>Joseph von Hammer:''Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I'' (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p. 58-60.</ref>
|-
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| [[Mehmed Çelebi]]<br /><small>''The Sultan of [[Anatolia]]''</small>
| [[Mehmed Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Sultan [[Anatolia]]''</small>
| [[Berkas:Mehmed I.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed Çelebi]]
| [[Berkas:Mehmed I.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed Çelebi]]
| 1403 - 1406 <br /><small>''(Sultan of the Eastern Anatolian Territory)''</small><br /><br />1406 - 1413<br /><small>''(The Sultan of [[Anatolia]])''</small>
| 1403 - 1406 <br /><small>''(Sultan Teritorial Anatolia Timur)''</small><br /><br />1406 - 1413<br /><small>''(Sultan [[Anatolia]])''</small>
| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]]
| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]]
| —
| —
Baris 157: Baris 157:
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| 5
| 5
| [[Mehmed I]]<br /><small>''ÇELEBİ (The Affable)''</small><br /><small>''KİRİŞÇİ (lit. The Bowstring Maker)'' for his support</small>
| [[Mehmed I]]<br /><small>''ÇELEBİ (Ramah)''</small><br /><small>''KİRİŞÇİ (Pembuat Tali Busur)'' untuk dukungannya</small>
| [[Berkas:Mehmed I miniature.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed I]]
| [[Berkas:Mehmed I miniature.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed I]]
| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]]
| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]]
Baris 167: Baris 167:
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| 6
| 6
| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA (The Great)''</small>
| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA (Agung)''</small>
| [[Berkas:Murat II.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]]
| [[Berkas:Murat II.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]]
| 25 Juni 1421
| 25 Juni 1421
Baris 177: Baris 177:
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| 7
| 7
| [[Mehmed II]]<br /><small>''FATİH (The Conqueror)''</small>
| [[Mehmed II]]<br /><small>''FATİH (Penakluk)''</small>
| [[Berkas:Fatih II. Mehmet.jpg|80px|]]
| [[Berkas:Fatih II. Mehmet.jpg|80px|]]
| 1444
| 1444
Baris 187: Baris 187:
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| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA (The Great)''</small>
| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA (Agung)''</small>
| [[Berkas:Murad II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]]
| [[Berkas:Murad II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]]
| 1446
| 1446
Baris 207: Baris 207:
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*Masa pemerintahan kedua;
*Masa pemerintahan kedua;
*[[Fall of Constantinople|Conquered Constantinople]] in 1453;
*[[Jatuhnya Konstantinopel|Menaklukan Konstantinopel]] pada 1453;
*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF8CF4BCAC4E99512E | title = Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han | accessdate = 2010-07-15 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref>
*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF8CF4BCAC4E99512E | title = Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han | accessdate = 2010-07-15 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref>
|-
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| 8
| 8
| [[Bayezid II]]<br /><small>''VELÎ (The Saint)''</small>
| [[Bayezid II]]<br /><small>''VELÎ (Orang Suci)''</small>
| [[Berkas:Bayezid II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid II by John Young]]
| [[Berkas:Bayezid II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid II by John Young]]
| 19 Mei 1481
| 19 Mei 1481
Baris 222: Baris 222:
|-
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| 9
| 9
| [[Selim I]]<br /><small>''YAVUZ (The Stern)''</small><br /><small>''[[Caliph of Islam|(Caliph Of Muslims Since 1517)]]''</small>
| [[Selim I]]<br /><small>''YAVUZ (The Stern)''</small><br /><small>''[[Khalifah Islam|(Khalifah Muslims Sejak 1517)]]''</small>
| [[Berkas:Selim I by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Selim I by John Young]]
| [[Berkas:Selim I by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Selim I by John Young]]
| 25 April 1512
| 25 April 1512
Baris 544: Baris 544:
*Mati di pengasingan di [[Sanremo]], [[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Italia]] pada 16 Mei 1926.<ref name="Mehmed VI">{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF63A3ECD73B1F991E | title = Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref>
*Mati di pengasingan di [[Sanremo]], [[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Italia]] pada 16 Mei 1926.<ref name="Mehmed VI">{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF63A3ECD73B1F991E | title = Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref>
|-
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| colspan=7 style="background:#B9B9B9" | [[Republic of Turkey|Republican]] [[Caliphate]]<br /><small>( 18 November 1922 – 3 Maret 1924 )</small>
| colspan=7 style="background:#B9B9B9" | [[Kekhalifahan]] [[Republik Turki|Republik]]<br /><small>( 18 November 1922 – 3 Maret 1924 )</small>
|-
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| —
| —
| [[Abd-ul-Mejid II]]<br /><small>''HALİFE''
| [[Abd-ul-Mejid II]]<br /><small>''HALİFE''
''[[Ottoman Caliphate|(The Last Ottoman Caliph Of Islam)]]''</small>
''[[Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah|(Khalifah Islam Utsmaniyah Terakhir)]]''</small>
| [[Berkas:Portrait of Abdülmecid II in Topkapı Saray Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Abd-ul-Mejid II]]
| [[Berkas:Portrait of Abdülmecid II in Topkapı Saray Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Abd-ul-Mejid II]]
| 18 November 1922
| 18 November 1922
Baris 555: Baris 555:
| align="left" |
| align="left" |
*Anak Abd-ul-Aziz I dan [[Hayranıdil Kadınefendi|Hayrân-î-Dil Kadın Efendi]];<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 13</ref>
*Anak Abd-ul-Aziz I dan [[Hayranıdil Kadınefendi|Hayrân-î-Dil Kadın Efendi]];<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 13</ref>
*Dipilih sebagai ''caliph'' oleh "Grand National Assembly of Turkey" (TBMM);
*Dipilih sebagai ''khalifah'' oleh "Majelis Nasional Besar Turki";
*Diasingkan setelah pembubaran kalifat;<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 17</ref>
*Diasingkan setelah pembubaran kalifat;<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 17</ref>
*Meninggal di [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] pada tanggal [[23 Agustus]] [[1944]].<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 14</ref>
*Meninggal di [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] pada tanggal [[23 Agustus]] [[1944]].<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 14</ref>

Revisi per 16 Agustus 2016 01.59

Sultan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Bekas Kerajaan
Imperial
Lambang Kesultanan
Suleiman I (1520–1566)
Penguasa pertama Osman Gazi
Penguasa terakhir Mehmed VI
Gelar Yang Mulia
Kediaman resmi *Istana Topkapı (1460an–1853)
*Istana Dolmabahçe (1853–1889; 1909-1922)
*Istana Yıldız
(1889–1909)
Penunjuk Turun-temurun
Pendirian 27 Juli 1299
Pembubaran 1 November 1922

Para sultan Dinasti Utsmaniyah menguasai wilayah kekuasaan transkontinental yang sangat luas mulai dari tahun 1299 hingga 1922. Pada puncak kejayaannya, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah berkuasa mulai dari Hongaria hingga ke bagian utara Somalia di sebelah selatan, dan dari Aljazair di sebelah barat hingga Irak di sebelah timur. Ibukotanya mula-mula adalah Bursa di Anatolia, kemudian dipindahkan ke Edirne pada tahun 1366 dan ke Konstantinopel atau Istanbul pada tahun 1453 setelah Kejatuhan Konstantinopel Kekaisaran Bizantium[1]

Daftar sultan

Bendera Kesultanan Utsmaniyah

Tabel di bawah ini berisi informasi para sultan Utsmaniyah, juga kalifah Utsmaniyah, diurutkan berdasarkan kronologi. Tughra adalah lambang atau tanda kaligrafi yang digunakan oleh para sultan Utsmaniyah yang dituliskan pada semua dokumen resmi dan uang koin, dan lebih melambangkan sang sultan daripada portret sang sultan. Kolom "Catatan" berisi informasi mengenai orangtua dan nasib tiap sultan. Bila pemerintahan seorang sultan tidak berakhir dengan kematian wajar, alasannya ditandai dengan cetak tebal. [2] Pada tahun 1617, hukum pergantian keturunan dalam Kesultanan ini diubah dari "siapa yang kuat akan menang" menjadi suatu sistem yang didasarkan atas tingkat senioritas agnatik (ekberiyet), yaitu tahta akan diteruskan oleh laki-laki tertua dalam keluarga. Ini menyebabkan sejak abad ke-17 sultan yang meninggal jarang digantikan oleh putranya, tetapi biasanya oleh seorang paman atau saudara laki-laki.[3] Sistem "senioritas agnatik" (agnatic seniority) dipertahankan sampai pembubaran kesultanan, meskipun pada abad ke-19 ada usaha yang gagal untuk mengganti dengan sistem "primogeniture" (keturunan tertua).[4]

# Sultan Potret Berkuasa sejak Berkuasa hingga Tughra Catatan
Emir Gazi
Ertuğrul Bey

أرطغرل غازی
Amîr Ghazi -
Tuan yang Terhormat
(b. 1191 - d. 1281)
1230 1281
[c]
Emir Gazi
Osman Bey

عثمان بن أرطغرل
Amîr Fakhr ud-din
Othman-Al Ghazi - The Esquire
(b. 1258 - d. 1324)
Potret Osman I by John Young 1281 1299
[c]
Pendirian Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
(27 Juli 129920 Juli 1402)
1 Osman I
GHAZI (Prajurit)
BEY (Taun Yang Terhormat)
KARA (Tanah atau Hitam) untuk keberaniannya
Potret Osman I by John Young 1299 1324
[c]
2 Orhan I
GHAZI (Pejuang)
BEY (Tuan Yang Terhormat)
Potret Orhan 1324 1362 Tughra of Orhan
3 Murad I
HÜDAVENDİGÂR - Khodāvandgār -

(The God-like One)
(Sultan since 1383)

Portret Murad I 1362 15 Juni 1389 Tughra of Murad I
4 Bayezid I
YILDIRIM (Petir)
Potret Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo 15 Juni 1389 20 Juli 1402 Tughra of Bayezid I
Ottoman Interregnum[d]
(20 Juli 14025 Juli 1413)
İsa Çelebi
Co-Sultan Anatolia
1403 1405
Emir (Amir)
Süleyman Çelebi

Sultan Rumelia Pertama
Potret Süleyman Çelebi 20 Juli 1402 17 Februari 1411[10]
Musa Çelebi
Sultan Rumelia Kedua
Potret Musa Çelebi 18 Februari 1411 5 Juli 1413[12]
Mehmed Çelebi
Sultan Anatolia
Potret Mehmed Çelebi 1403 - 1406
(Sultan Teritorial Anatolia Timur)

1406 - 1413
(Sultan Anatolia)
5 Juli 1413
Kebangkitan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
(5 Juli 141329 Mei 1453)
5 Mehmed I
ÇELEBİ (Ramah)
KİRİŞÇİ (Pembuat Tali Busur) untuk dukungannya
Potret Mehmed I 5 Juli 1413 26 Mei 1421 Tughra of Mehmed I
6 Murad II
KOCA (Agung)
Potret Murad II by John Young 25 Juni 1421 1444 Tughra of Murad II
7 Mehmed II
FATİH (Penakluk)
1444 1446 Tughra of Mehmed II
Murad II
KOCA (Agung)
Potret Murad II by John Young 1446 3 Februari 1451 Tughra of Murad II
  • Masa pemerintahan kedua;
  • Dipaksa kembali bertakhta setelah terjadi pemberontakan Yanisari;[19]
  • Berkuasa sampai wafat.[16]
Perkembangan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
(29 Mei 145311/12 September 1683)
Mehmed II
FATİH (The Conqueror)
3 Februari 1451 3 Mei 1481 Tughra of Mehmed II
8 Bayezid II
VELÎ (Orang Suci)
Potret Bayezid II by John Young 19 Mei 1481 25 April 1512 Tughra of Bayezid II
9 Selim I
YAVUZ (The Stern)
(Khalifah Muslims Sejak 1517)
Potret Selim I by John Young 25 April 1512 21 September 1520 Tughra of Selim I
10 Suleiman I
Muhteşem (Yang Agung)

dan Kanuni (Pemberi Hukum)

Potret Suleiman yang Agung by Nakkaş Osman 30 September 1520 6 or 7 September 1566 Tughra of Suleiman yang Agung
11 Selim II
SARI (The Yellow-The Blond)
Potret Selim II by John Young 29 September 1566 21 Desember 1574 Tughra of Selim II
12 Murad III Potret Murad III by John Young 22 Desember 1574 16 Januari 1595 Tughra of Murad III
13 Mehmed III
ADLÎ (The Just)
Potret Mehmed III by John Young 27 Januari 1595 20 or 21 Desember 1603 Tughra of Mehmed III
14 Ahmed I
BAKHTÎ (The Fortunate)
Potret Ahmed I by John Young 21 Desember 1603 22 November 1617 Tughra of Ahmed I
15 Mustafa I
DELİ (The Intestable)
Potret Mustafa I by John Young 22 November 1617 26 Februari 1618 Tughra of Mustafa I
16 Osman II
GENÇ (The Young)
Potret Osman II by John Young 26 Februari 1618 19 Mei 1622 Tughra of Osman II
Mustafa I
DELİ (The Intestable)
Potret Mustafa I by John Young 20 Mei 1622 10 September 1623 Tughra of Mustafa I
17 Murad IV
GHAZI (The Warrior)
Potret Murad IV by John Young 10 September 1623 8 or 9 Februari 1640 Tughra of Murad IV
18 Ibrahim I
DELİ (The Arrage)
Potret Ibrahim by John Young 9 Februari 1640 8 Agustus 1648 Tughra of Ibrahim
19 Mehmed IV
AVCI (The Hunter)
Potret Mehmed IV by John Young 8 Agustus 1648 8 November 1687 Tughra of Mehmed IV
Stagnasi Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
(11/12 September 168320 Oktober 1827)
20 Suleiman II Potret Suleiman II by John Young 8 November 1687 22 Juni 1691 Tughra of Suleiman II
21 Ahmed II
KHAN GHAZI (The Warrior Prince)
Potret Ahmed II by John Young 22 Juni 1691 6 Februari 1695 Tughra of Ahmed II
22 Mustafa II
GHAZI (The Warrior)
Potret Mustafa II by John Young 6 Februari 1695 22 Agustus 1703 Tughra of Mustafa II
23 Ahmed III Potret Ahmed III by John Young 22 Agustus 1703 1 or 2 Oktober 1730 Tughra of Ahmed III
24 Mahmud I
GHAZI (The Warrior)
KAMBUR (The Hunchback)
Potret Mahmud I by John Young 2 Oktober 1730 13 Desember 1754 Tughra of Mahmud I
25 Osman III
SOFU (The Devout)
Potret Osman III by John Young 13 Desember 1754 29 or 30 Oktober 1757 Tughra of Osman III
26 Mustafa III
YENİLİKÇİ (The First Innovative)
Potret Mustafa III by John Young 30 Oktober 1757 21 Januari 1774 Tughra of Mustafa III
27 Abd-ul-Hamid I
The Servant of God
Potret Abd-ul-Hamid I by John Young 21 Januari 1774 6 or 7 April 1789 Tughra of Abd-ul-Hamid I
28 Selim III
BESTEKÂR (The Composer)
Potret Selim III by Konstantin Kapidagli 7 April 1789 29 Mei 1807 Tughra of Selim III
29 Mustafa IV Potret Mustafa IV by John Young 29 Mei 1807 28 Juli 1808 Tughra of Mustafa IV
30 Mahmud II
ISLAHÂTÇI (The Reformer)
Potret Mahmud II by John Young 28 Juli 1808 1 Juli 1839 Tughra of Mahmud II
Kemunduran Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
(20 Oktober 182724 Juli 1908)
31 Abd-ul-Mejid I
TANZİMÂTÇI (The Strong Reformist or The Advocate of Reorganization)
Potret Abd-ul-Mejid I 1 Juli 1839 25 Juni 1861 Tughra of Abd-ul-Mejid I
32 Abd-ul-Aziz I Potret Abd-ul-Aziz 25 Juni 1861 30 Mei 1876 Tughra of Abd-ul-Aziz
33 Murad V
Potret Murad V 30 Mei 1876 31 Agustus 1876 Tughra of Murad V
34 Abd-ul-Hamid II
ULU HAN

(The Sublime Khan)

Potret Abd-ul-Hamid II 31 Agustus 1876 27 April 1909 Tughra of Abd-ul-Hamid II
Pembubaran Kesultanan Utsmaniyah[e]
(24 Juli 190830 Oktober 1918)
35 Mehmed V
REŞÂD

(The True Path Follower)

Potret Mehmed V 27 April 1909 3 Juli 1918 Tughra of Mehmed V
Pembagian Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
(30 Oktober 19181 November 1922)
36 Mehmed VI
VÂHİD-ÜD-DÎN

(The Unifier of Religion (Islam) or The Oneness of Islam)

Potret Mehmed VI by Sebah & Joaillier 4 Juli 1918 1 November 1922 Tughra of Mehmed VI
Kekhalifahan Republik
( 18 November 1922 – 3 Maret 1924 )
Abd-ul-Mejid II
HALİFE

(Khalifah Islam Utsmaniyah Terakhir)

Potret Abd-ul-Mejid II 18 November 1922 3 Maret 1924
[c]

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 21
  2. ^ Quataert 2005, p. 91
  3. ^ Quataert 2005, p. 92
  4. ^ Karateke 2005, pp. 37–54
  5. ^ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  6. ^ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata Republik Turki. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  7. ^ "Sultan Orhan Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  8. ^ "Sultan Murad Hüdavendigar Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  9. ^ "Sultan Yıldırım Beyezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  10. ^ Nicholae Jorga: Geschishte des Osmanichen (Trans :Nilüfer Epçeli) Vol 1 Yeditepe yayınları, İstanbul,2009,ISBN 975-6480-17-3 p 314
  11. ^ Nicholae Jorga: Geschishte des Osmanichen (Trans :Nilüfer Epçeli) Vol 1 Yeditepe yayınları, İstanbul, 2009, ISBN 975-6480-17-3 p 314
  12. ^ Joseph von Hammer:Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p 58-60.
  13. ^ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt II, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75
  14. ^ Joseph von Hammer:Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p. 58-60.
  15. ^ "Sultan Mehmed Çelebi Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  16. ^ a b "Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  17. ^ a b "Chronology: Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-07. 
  18. ^ "Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  19. ^ Kafadar 1996, p. xix
  20. ^ "Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-15. 
  21. ^ "Sultan II. Bayezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  22. ^ "Yavuz Sultan Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  23. ^ "Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  24. ^ "Sultan II. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  25. ^ "Sultan III. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  26. ^ "Sultan III. Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  27. ^ "Sultan I. Ahmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  28. ^ a b "Sultan I. Mustafa". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  29. ^ "Sultan II. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  30. ^ "Sultan IV. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  31. ^ "Sultan İbrahim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  32. ^ "Sultan IV. Mehmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  33. ^ "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  34. ^ "Sultan II. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  35. ^ "Sultan II. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  36. ^ "Sultan III. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  37. ^ "Sultan I. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  38. ^ "Sultan III. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  39. ^ "Sultan III. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  40. ^ "Sultan I. Abdülhamit Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  41. ^ "Sultan III. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  42. ^ "Sultan IV. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  43. ^ "Sultan II. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  44. ^ "Sultan Abdülmecid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  45. ^ "Sultan Abdülaziz Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  46. ^ "Sultan V. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  47. ^ "Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  48. ^ "Sultan V. Mehmed Reşad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  49. ^ "Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06. 
  50. ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 13
  51. ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 17
  52. ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 14

Bacaan lanjutan

Pranala luar

Ciptaan baru
Penguasa Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
1299–1922
Kesultanan dihapuskan
Kekuasaan dialihkan ke
Presiden Turki
Jabatan Islam Sunni
Didahului oleh:
Dinasti Abbasyid
in Cairo
Kalifah
1517–1924
Penghapusan Kekhalifahan