Daftar sultan Utsmaniyah: Perbedaan antara revisi
correcting |
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Baris 42: | Baris 42: | ||
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| — |
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| [[Ertuğrul Gazi|''<small> Emir Gazi</small> ''<br />Ertuğrul Bey]]<br /> <small> [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm أرطغرل غازی<br />Amîr Ghazi -<br /> |
| [[Ertuğrul Gazi|''<small> Emir Gazi</small> ''<br />Ertuğrul Bey]]<br /> <small> [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm أرطغرل غازی<br />Amîr Ghazi -<br />Tuan yang Terhormat<br />(''b.'' 1191 - ''d.'' 1281)]</small> |
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| <!--[[Berkas:Ertuğrul Gazi.jpg|80px|'''Ertuğrul Bey''']]--> |
| <!--[[Berkas:Ertuğrul Gazi.jpg|80px|'''Ertuğrul Bey''']]--> |
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| 1230 |
| 1230 |
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Baris 66: | Baris 66: | ||
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|- |
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| 1 |
| 1 |
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| [[Osman I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI ( |
| [[Osman I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI (Prajurit)''<br />''BEY (Taun Yang Terhormat)''<br /><small>''KARA (Tanah atau Hitam) untuk keberaniannya''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Osman Gazi.jpg|80px|Potret Osman I by John Young]] |
| [[Berkas:Osman Gazi.jpg|80px|Potret Osman I by John Young]] |
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| 1299 |
| 1299 |
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Baris 74: | Baris 74: | ||
*Anak [[Ertuğrul|Ertuğrul ''Ghazi'']] dan [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm Khālîma Khānum]; |
*Anak [[Ertuğrul|Ertuğrul ''Ghazi'']] dan [http://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm Khālîma Khānum]; |
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*On 27 Juli 1299, declared his independence from the [[Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti|Anatolian Seljuk Empire]]. |
*On 27 Juli 1299, declared his independence from the [[Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti|Anatolian Seljuk Empire]]. |
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*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFBB4CD394874238F9 | title = Sultan Osman Gazi | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = [[ |
*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFBB4CD394874238F9 | title = Sultan Osman Gazi | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = [[Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata (Turki)|Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata Republik Turki]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| 2 |
| 2 |
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| [[Orhan I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI ( |
| [[Orhan I]]<br /><small>''GHAZI (Pejuang)''<br />''BEY (Tuan Yang Terhormat)''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Murad I-Manyal Palace Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Orhan]] |
| [[Berkas:Murad I-Manyal Palace Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Orhan]] |
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| 1324 |
| 1324 |
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Baris 99: | Baris 99: | ||
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| 4 |
| 4 |
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| [[Bayezid I]]<br /><small>''YILDIRIM ( |
| [[Bayezid I]]<br /><small>''YILDIRIM (Petir)''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo]] |
| [[Berkas:Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid I by Cristofano dell'Altissimo]] |
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| [[Pertempuran Kosovo|15 Juni 1389]] |
| [[Pertempuran Kosovo|15 Juni 1389]] |
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Baris 112: | Baris 112: | ||
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| — |
| — |
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| [[İsa Çelebi]]<br /><small>'' |
| [[İsa Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Co-Sultan [[Anatolia]]''</small> |
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| |
| |
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| 1403 |
| 1403 |
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Baris 123: | Baris 123: | ||
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| — |
| — |
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| [[Süleyman Çelebi|<small>Emir ''(Amir)''</small><br />Süleyman Çelebi]]<br /><small>'' |
| [[Süleyman Çelebi|<small>Emir ''(Amir)''</small><br />Süleyman Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Sultan [[Rumelia]] Pertama''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Arolsen Klebeband 01 449 4.jpg|80px|Potret Süleyman Çelebi]] |
| [[Berkas:Arolsen Klebeband 01 449 4.jpg|80px|Potret Süleyman Çelebi]] |
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| [[Pertempuran Ankara|20 Juli 1402]] |
| [[Pertempuran Ankara|20 Juli 1402]] |
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Baris 133: | Baris 133: | ||
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| — |
| — |
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| [[Musa Çelebi]]<br /><small>'' |
| [[Musa Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Sultan [[Rumelia]] Kedua''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Musa Çelebi.jpg|80px|Potret Musa Çelebi]] |
| [[Berkas:Musa Çelebi.jpg|80px|Potret Musa Çelebi]] |
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| 18 Februari 1411 |
| 18 Februari 1411 |
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Baris 139: | Baris 139: | ||
| — |
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| align="left" | |
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* |
*Menyandang gelar ''Sultan [[Rumelia]]'' untuk bagian Eropa dari kekaisaran tersebut<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt II'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75</ref>pada 18 Februari 1411, tepat setelah kematian [[Süleyman Çelebi]]. |
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*Terbunuh pada 5 Juli 1413 oleh pasukan [[Mehmed Çelebi]] di Pertempuran ''Çamurlu Derbent'' dekat [[Samokov]] di [[Bulgaria]].<ref>Joseph von Hammer:''Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I'' (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p. 58-60.</ref> |
*Terbunuh pada 5 Juli 1413 oleh pasukan [[Mehmed Çelebi]] di Pertempuran ''Çamurlu Derbent'' dekat [[Samokov]] di [[Bulgaria]].<ref>Joseph von Hammer:''Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I'' (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p. 58-60.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| — |
| — |
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| [[Mehmed Çelebi]]<br /><small>'' |
| [[Mehmed Çelebi]]<br /><small>''Sultan [[Anatolia]]''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Mehmed I.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed Çelebi]] |
| [[Berkas:Mehmed I.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed Çelebi]] |
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| 1403 - 1406 <br /><small>''(Sultan |
| 1403 - 1406 <br /><small>''(Sultan Teritorial Anatolia Timur)''</small><br /><br />1406 - 1413<br /><small>''(Sultan [[Anatolia]])''</small> |
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| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]] |
| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]] |
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| — |
| — |
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Baris 157: | Baris 157: | ||
|- |
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| 5 |
| 5 |
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| [[Mehmed I]]<br /><small>''ÇELEBİ ( |
| [[Mehmed I]]<br /><small>''ÇELEBİ (Ramah)''</small><br /><small>''KİRİŞÇİ (Pembuat Tali Busur)'' untuk dukungannya</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Mehmed I miniature.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed I]] |
| [[Berkas:Mehmed I miniature.jpg|80px|Potret Mehmed I]] |
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| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]] |
| [[Musa Çelebi|5 Juli 1413]] |
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Baris 167: | Baris 167: | ||
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|- |
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| 6 |
| 6 |
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| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA ( |
| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA (Agung)''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Murat II.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]] |
| [[Berkas:Murat II.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]] |
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| 25 Juni 1421 |
| 25 Juni 1421 |
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Baris 177: | Baris 177: | ||
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| 7 |
| 7 |
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| [[Mehmed II]]<br /><small>''FATİH ( |
| [[Mehmed II]]<br /><small>''FATİH (Penakluk)''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Fatih II. Mehmet.jpg|80px|]] |
| [[Berkas:Fatih II. Mehmet.jpg|80px|]] |
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| 1444 |
| 1444 |
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Baris 187: | Baris 187: | ||
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| — |
| — |
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| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA ( |
| [[Murad II]]<br /><small>''KOCA (Agung)''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Murad II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]] |
| [[Berkas:Murad II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Murad II by John Young]] |
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| 1446 |
| 1446 |
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Baris 207: | Baris 207: | ||
| align="left" | |
| align="left" | |
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*Masa pemerintahan kedua; |
*Masa pemerintahan kedua; |
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*[[ |
*[[Jatuhnya Konstantinopel|Menaklukan Konstantinopel]] pada 1453; |
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*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF8CF4BCAC4E99512E | title = Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han | accessdate = 2010-07-15 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref> |
*Berkuasa sampai wafat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF8CF4BCAC4E99512E | title = Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han | accessdate = 2010-07-15 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| 8 |
| 8 |
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| [[Bayezid II]]<br /><small>''VELÎ ( |
| [[Bayezid II]]<br /><small>''VELÎ (Orang Suci)''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Bayezid II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid II by John Young]] |
| [[Berkas:Bayezid II by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Bayezid II by John Young]] |
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| 19 Mei 1481 |
| 19 Mei 1481 |
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Baris 222: | Baris 222: | ||
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|- |
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| 9 |
| 9 |
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| [[Selim I]]<br /><small>''YAVUZ (The Stern)''</small><br /><small>''[[ |
| [[Selim I]]<br /><small>''YAVUZ (The Stern)''</small><br /><small>''[[Khalifah Islam|(Khalifah Muslims Sejak 1517)]]''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Selim I by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Selim I by John Young]] |
| [[Berkas:Selim I by John Young.jpg|80px|Potret Selim I by John Young]] |
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| 25 April 1512 |
| 25 April 1512 |
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Baris 544: | Baris 544: | ||
*Mati di pengasingan di [[Sanremo]], [[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Italia]] pada 16 Mei 1926.<ref name="Mehmed VI">{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF63A3ECD73B1F991E | title = Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref> |
*Mati di pengasingan di [[Sanremo]], [[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Italia]] pada 16 Mei 1926.<ref name="Mehmed VI">{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF63A3ECD73B1F991E | title = Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| colspan=7 style="background:#B9B9B9" | [[ |
| colspan=7 style="background:#B9B9B9" | [[Kekhalifahan]] [[Republik Turki|Republik]]<br /><small>( 18 November 1922 – 3 Maret 1924 )</small> |
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|- |
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| — |
| — |
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| [[Abd-ul-Mejid II]]<br /><small>''HALİFE'' |
| [[Abd-ul-Mejid II]]<br /><small>''HALİFE'' |
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''[[ |
''[[Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah|(Khalifah Islam Utsmaniyah Terakhir)]]''</small> |
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| [[Berkas:Portrait of Abdülmecid II in Topkapı Saray Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Abd-ul-Mejid II]] |
| [[Berkas:Portrait of Abdülmecid II in Topkapı Saray Museum.jpg|80px|Potret Abd-ul-Mejid II]] |
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| 18 November 1922 |
| 18 November 1922 |
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Baris 555: | Baris 555: | ||
| align="left" | |
| align="left" | |
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*Anak Abd-ul-Aziz I dan [[Hayranıdil Kadınefendi|Hayrân-î-Dil Kadın Efendi]];<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 13</ref> |
*Anak Abd-ul-Aziz I dan [[Hayranıdil Kadınefendi|Hayrân-î-Dil Kadın Efendi]];<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 13</ref> |
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*Dipilih sebagai '' |
*Dipilih sebagai ''khalifah'' oleh "Majelis Nasional Besar Turki"; |
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*Diasingkan setelah pembubaran kalifat;<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 17</ref> |
*Diasingkan setelah pembubaran kalifat;<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 17</ref> |
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*Meninggal di [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] pada tanggal [[23 Agustus]] [[1944]].<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 14</ref> |
*Meninggal di [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] pada tanggal [[23 Agustus]] [[1944]].<ref>[[#Asi92|As̜iroğlu 1992]], p. 14</ref> |
Revisi per 16 Agustus 2016 01.59
Sultan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah | |
---|---|
Bekas Kerajaan | |
Imperial | |
Lambang Kesultanan | |
Suleiman I (1520–1566) | |
Penguasa pertama | Osman Gazi |
Penguasa terakhir | Mehmed VI |
Gelar | Yang Mulia |
Kediaman resmi | *Istana Topkapı (1460an–1853) *Istana Dolmabahçe (1853–1889; 1909-1922) *Istana Yıldız (1889–1909) |
Penunjuk | Turun-temurun |
Pendirian | 27 Juli 1299 |
Pembubaran | 1 November 1922 |
Para sultan Dinasti Utsmaniyah menguasai wilayah kekuasaan transkontinental yang sangat luas mulai dari tahun 1299 hingga 1922. Pada puncak kejayaannya, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah berkuasa mulai dari Hongaria hingga ke bagian utara Somalia di sebelah selatan, dan dari Aljazair di sebelah barat hingga Irak di sebelah timur. Ibukotanya mula-mula adalah Bursa di Anatolia, kemudian dipindahkan ke Edirne pada tahun 1366 dan ke Konstantinopel atau Istanbul pada tahun 1453 setelah Kejatuhan Konstantinopel Kekaisaran Bizantium[1]
Daftar sultan
Tabel di bawah ini berisi informasi para sultan Utsmaniyah, juga kalifah Utsmaniyah, diurutkan berdasarkan kronologi. Tughra adalah lambang atau tanda kaligrafi yang digunakan oleh para sultan Utsmaniyah yang dituliskan pada semua dokumen resmi dan uang koin, dan lebih melambangkan sang sultan daripada portret sang sultan. Kolom "Catatan" berisi informasi mengenai orangtua dan nasib tiap sultan. Bila pemerintahan seorang sultan tidak berakhir dengan kematian wajar, alasannya ditandai dengan cetak tebal. [2] Pada tahun 1617, hukum pergantian keturunan dalam Kesultanan ini diubah dari "siapa yang kuat akan menang" menjadi suatu sistem yang didasarkan atas tingkat senioritas agnatik (ekberiyet), yaitu tahta akan diteruskan oleh laki-laki tertua dalam keluarga. Ini menyebabkan sejak abad ke-17 sultan yang meninggal jarang digantikan oleh putranya, tetapi biasanya oleh seorang paman atau saudara laki-laki.[3] Sistem "senioritas agnatik" (agnatic seniority) dipertahankan sampai pembubaran kesultanan, meskipun pada abad ke-19 ada usaha yang gagal untuk mengganti dengan sistem "primogeniture" (keturunan tertua).[4]
# | Sultan | Potret | Berkuasa sejak | Berkuasa hingga | Tughra | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Emir Gazi Ertuğrul Bey أرطغرل غازی Amîr Ghazi - Tuan yang Terhormat (b. 1191 - d. 1281) |
1230 | 1281 | — [c] |
| |
— | Emir Gazi Osman Bey عثمان بن أرطغرل Amîr Fakhr ud-din Othman-Al Ghazi - The Esquire (b. 1258 - d. 1324) |
1281 | 1299 | — [c] |
| |
Pendirian Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (27 Juli 1299 – 20 Juli 1402) | ||||||
1 | Osman I GHAZI (Prajurit) BEY (Taun Yang Terhormat) KARA (Tanah atau Hitam) untuk keberaniannya |
1299 | 1324 | — [c] |
| |
2 | Orhan I GHAZI (Pejuang) BEY (Tuan Yang Terhormat) |
1324 | 1362 |
| ||
3 | Murad I HÜDAVENDİGÂR - Khodāvandgār - (The God-like One)
|
1362 | 15 Juni 1389 |
| ||
4 | Bayezid I YILDIRIM (Petir) |
15 Juni 1389 | 20 Juli 1402 |
| ||
Ottoman Interregnum[d] (20 Juli 1402 – 5 Juli 1413) | ||||||
— | İsa Çelebi Co-Sultan Anatolia |
1403 | 1405 | — |
| |
— | Emir (Amir) Süleyman Çelebi Sultan Rumelia Pertama |
20 Juli 1402 | 17 Februari 1411[10] | — |
| |
— | Musa Çelebi Sultan Rumelia Kedua |
18 Februari 1411 | 5 Juli 1413[12] | — |
| |
— | Mehmed Çelebi Sultan Anatolia |
1403 - 1406 (Sultan Teritorial Anatolia Timur) 1406 - 1413 (Sultan Anatolia) |
5 Juli 1413 | — |
| |
Kebangkitan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (5 Juli 1413 – 29 Mei 1453) | ||||||
5 | Mehmed I ÇELEBİ (Ramah) KİRİŞÇİ (Pembuat Tali Busur) untuk dukungannya |
5 Juli 1413 | 26 Mei 1421 |
| ||
6 | Murad II KOCA (Agung) |
25 Juni 1421 | 1444 |
| ||
7 | Mehmed II FATİH (Penakluk) |
1444 | 1446 |
| ||
— | Murad II KOCA (Agung) |
1446 | 3 Februari 1451 | |||
Perkembangan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (29 Mei 1453 – 11/12 September 1683) | ||||||
— | Mehmed II FATİH (The Conqueror) |
3 Februari 1451 | 3 Mei 1481 |
| ||
8 | Bayezid II VELÎ (Orang Suci) |
19 Mei 1481 | 25 April 1512 |
| ||
9 | Selim I YAVUZ (The Stern) (Khalifah Muslims Sejak 1517) |
25 April 1512 | 21 September 1520 |
| ||
10 | Suleiman I Muhteşem (Yang Agung) dan Kanuni (Pemberi Hukum) |
30 September 1520 | 6 or 7 September 1566 |
| ||
11 | Selim II SARI (The Yellow-The Blond) |
29 September 1566 | 21 Desember 1574 |
| ||
12 | Murad III | 22 Desember 1574 | 16 Januari 1595 |
| ||
13 | Mehmed III ADLÎ (The Just) |
27 Januari 1595 | 20 or 21 Desember 1603 |
| ||
14 | Ahmed I BAKHTÎ (The Fortunate) |
21 Desember 1603 | 22 November 1617 |
| ||
15 | Mustafa I DELİ (The Intestable) |
22 November 1617 | 26 Februari 1618 |
| ||
16 | Osman II GENÇ (The Young) |
26 Februari 1618 | 19 Mei 1622 |
| ||
— | Mustafa I DELİ (The Intestable) |
20 Mei 1622 | 10 September 1623 |
| ||
17 | Murad IV GHAZI (The Warrior) |
10 September 1623 | 8 or 9 Februari 1640 |
| ||
18 | Ibrahim I DELİ (The Arrage) |
9 Februari 1640 | 8 Agustus 1648 |
| ||
19 | Mehmed IV AVCI (The Hunter) |
8 Agustus 1648 | 8 November 1687 |
| ||
Stagnasi Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (11/12 September 1683 – 20 Oktober 1827) | ||||||
20 | Suleiman II | 8 November 1687 | 22 Juni 1691 |
| ||
21 | Ahmed II KHAN GHAZI (The Warrior Prince) |
22 Juni 1691 | 6 Februari 1695 |
| ||
22 | Mustafa II GHAZI (The Warrior) |
6 Februari 1695 | 22 Agustus 1703 |
| ||
23 | Ahmed III | 22 Agustus 1703 | 1 or 2 Oktober 1730 |
| ||
24 | Mahmud I GHAZI (The Warrior) KAMBUR (The Hunchback) |
2 Oktober 1730 | 13 Desember 1754 |
| ||
25 | Osman III SOFU (The Devout) |
13 Desember 1754 | 29 or 30 Oktober 1757 |
| ||
26 | Mustafa III YENİLİKÇİ (The First Innovative) |
30 Oktober 1757 | 21 Januari 1774 |
| ||
27 | Abd-ul-Hamid I The Servant of God |
21 Januari 1774 | 6 or 7 April 1789 |
| ||
28 | Selim III BESTEKÂR (The Composer) |
7 April 1789 | 29 Mei 1807 |
| ||
29 | Mustafa IV | 29 Mei 1807 | 28 Juli 1808 |
| ||
30 | Mahmud II ISLAHÂTÇI (The Reformer) |
28 Juli 1808 | 1 Juli 1839 |
| ||
Kemunduran Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (20 Oktober 1827 – 24 Juli 1908) | ||||||
31 | Abd-ul-Mejid I TANZİMÂTÇI (The Strong Reformist or The Advocate of Reorganization) |
1 Juli 1839 | 25 Juni 1861 |
| ||
32 | Abd-ul-Aziz I | 25 Juni 1861 | 30 Mei 1876 |
| ||
33 | Murad V |
30 Mei 1876 | 31 Agustus 1876 |
| ||
34 | Abd-ul-Hamid II ULU HAN (The Sublime Khan) |
31 Agustus 1876 | 27 April 1909 |
| ||
Pembubaran Kesultanan Utsmaniyah[e] (24 Juli 1908 – 30 Oktober 1918) | ||||||
35 | Mehmed V REŞÂD (The True Path Follower) |
27 April 1909 | 3 Juli 1918 |
| ||
Pembagian Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (30 Oktober 1918 – 1 November 1922) | ||||||
36 | Mehmed VI VÂHİD-ÜD-DÎN |
4 Juli 1918 | 1 November 1922 |
| ||
Kekhalifahan Republik ( 18 November 1922 – 3 Maret 1924 ) | ||||||
— | Abd-ul-Mejid II HALİFE |
18 November 1922 | 3 Maret 1924 | — [c] |
|
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 21
- ^ Quataert 2005, p. 91
- ^ Quataert 2005, p. 92
- ^ Karateke 2005, pp. 37–54
- ^ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata Republik Turki. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
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- ^ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt II, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75
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- ^ a b "Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
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- ^ Kafadar 1996, p. xix
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- ^ "Sultan II. Bayezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Yavuz Sultan Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan I. Ahmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ a b "Sultan I. Mustafa". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan IV. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan İbrahim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan IV. Mehmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan I. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan I. Abdülhamit Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan IV. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Abdülmecid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Abdülaziz Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan V. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan V. Mehmed Reşad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 13
- ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 17
- ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 14
Bacaan lanjutan
- As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 9789757645177. OCLC 32085609.
- Duran, Tülay (1999). Padişah Portreleri (Portraits of the Ottoman Empire's Sultans) (dalam bahasa Turkish). Sirkeci: Association of Historical Research and Istanbul Research Centre. ISBN 9789756926079. OCLC 248496159.
- Findley, Carter V. (2005). The Turks in World History. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195177268. OCLC 54529318. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-29.
- Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". Dalam Metz, Helen Chapin. A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (edisi ke-5th). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 9780844408644. OCLC 33898522. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-22.
- Kafadar, Cemal (1996). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520206007. OCLC 55849447. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
- Karateke, Hakan T. (2005). "Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century". Dalam Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma. Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb. London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850437574. OCLC 60416792. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
- d'Osman Han, Nadine Sultana (2001). The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han. Foreword by Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar. Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. OCLC 70659193. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
- Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195086775. OCLC 243767445. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-19.
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- Stavrides, Theoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004121065. OCLC 46640850. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
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- Toynbee, Arnold J. (1974). "The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History". Dalam Karpat, Kemal H. The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East. 11. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004039452. OCLC 1318483. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
Pranala luar
- (Inggris) "Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire". Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- (Inggris) "Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty". Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
— Anggota kerajaan —
| ||
Ciptaan baru |
Penguasa Kesultanan Utsmaniyah 1299–1922 |
Kesultanan dihapuskan Kekuasaan dialihkan ke Presiden Turki |
Jabatan Islam Sunni | ||
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Didahului oleh: Dinasti Abbasyid in Cairo |
Kalifah 1517–1924 |
Penghapusan Kekhalifahan |