Néstor Kirchner: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
k Robot: Cosmetic changes |
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| death_place= |
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| spouse=[[Cristina Elisabeth Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Elisabeth Fernández]] |
| spouse=[[Cristina Elisabeth Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Elisabeth Fernández]] |
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| party = [[Front for Victory]], <br>([[Partai Justisialis]]) |
| party = [[Front for Victory]], <br />([[Partai Justisialis]]) |
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| vicepresident = [[Daniel Scioli]] |
| vicepresident = [[Daniel Scioli]] |
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| profession=[[Pengacara]] |
| profession=[[Pengacara]] |
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<!--After the downfall of the military dictatorship and restoration of [[democracy]] in [[1983]], Kirchner became a public officer in the provincial government. The following year, he was briefly president of the Río Gallegos [[social welfare]] fund, but was forced out by the governor because of a dispute over financial policy. The affair made him a local celebrity and laid the foundation for his subsequent political career. |
<!--After the downfall of the military dictatorship and restoration of [[democracy]] in [[1983]], Kirchner became a public officer in the provincial government. The following year, he was briefly president of the Río Gallegos [[social welfare]] fund, but was forced out by the governor because of a dispute over financial policy. The affair made him a local celebrity and laid the foundation for his subsequent political career. |
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By 1986, Kirchner had developed sufficient political capital to be put forward as the PJ's candidate for [[mayor]] of Río Gallegos. He won the 1987 elections for this post by the slimmest of margins |
By 1986, Kirchner had developed sufficient political capital to be put forward as the PJ's candidate for [[mayor]] of Río Gallegos. He won the 1987 elections for this post by the slimmest of margins — some one hundred votes. Fellow PJ member [[Ricardo del Val]] became governor, which kept Santa Cruz firmly within the hands of the PJ. |
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Kirchner's performance as mayor from 1987 to 1991 was satisfactory enough from both the point of view of the electorate and the party to enable him to run for governor in 1991, which he won with 61% of the votes. By this time his wife was also member of the provincial congress. |
Kirchner's performance as mayor from 1987 to 1991 was satisfactory enough from both the point of view of the electorate and the party to enable him to run for governor in 1991, which he won with 61% of the votes. By this time his wife was also member of the provincial congress. |
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In 1995, with his constitutional reforms in place, Kirchner was easily re-elected to a second term in office, with 66.5% of the votes. But by now, Kirchner was distancing himself from the charismatic and controversial Menem, who was also the nominal head of the PJ; this was made particularly apparent with the launch of ''Corriente Peronista'', an initiative supported by Kirchner to create space within the Movimiento Justicialista to confront the problems facing the country. |
In 1995, with his constitutional reforms in place, Kirchner was easily re-elected to a second term in office, with 66.5% of the votes. But by now, Kirchner was distancing himself from the charismatic and controversial Menem, who was also the nominal head of the PJ; this was made particularly apparent with the launch of ''Corriente Peronista'', an initiative supported by Kirchner to create space within the Movimiento Justicialista to confront the problems facing the country. |
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In 1998, Menem's attempt to stand for re-election a second time, by means of an ad hoc interpretation of a constitutional clause, met with strong resistance among Peronist rank-and-file, who were finding themselves under increasing pressure due to the highly controversial social and economic policies of the Menem administration. Kirchner joined the camp of Menem's chief opponent within the PJ, the governor of Buenos Aires province (and later president, |
In 1998, Menem's attempt to stand for re-election a second time, by means of an ad hoc interpretation of a constitutional clause, met with strong resistance among Peronist rank-and-file, who were finding themselves under increasing pressure due to the highly controversial social and economic policies of the Menem administration. Kirchner joined the camp of Menem's chief opponent within the PJ, the governor of Buenos Aires province (and later president, 2002–2003) [[Eduardo Duhalde]]. |
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Menem did not run, and the PJ nominated Duhalde. The elections of [[24 October]] [[1999]] were a major upset for the PJ; Duhalde was beaten by [[Fernando de la Rúa]], the ''Alianza'' (opposition coalition) candidate, and the party lost its majority in [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]]. The Alianza also made headway in Santa Cruz, but Kirchner nonetheless managed to be re-elected to a third term in May of that year with 45.7% of the vote. De la Rúa's victory was in part a rejection of Menem's perceived flamboyance and corruption during his last term. De la Rúa instituted austerity measures and reforms to improve the economy; taxes were increased to reduce the deficit, the government bureaucracy was trimmed, and legal restrictions on union negotiations were eased. |
Menem did not run, and the PJ nominated Duhalde. The elections of [[24 October]] [[1999]] were a major upset for the PJ; Duhalde was beaten by [[Fernando de la Rúa]], the ''Alianza'' (opposition coalition) candidate, and the party lost its majority in [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]]. The Alianza also made headway in Santa Cruz, but Kirchner nonetheless managed to be re-elected to a third term in May of that year with 45.7% of the vote. De la Rúa's victory was in part a rejection of Menem's perceived flamboyance and corruption during his last term. De la Rúa instituted austerity measures and reforms to improve the economy; taxes were increased to reduce the deficit, the government bureaucracy was trimmed, and legal restrictions on union negotiations were eased. |
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Kirchner's electoral promises included "returning to a republic of equals". After the first round of the election, Kirchner visited the president of [[Brazil]], [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], who received him enthusiastically. He also declared he was proud of his radical left-wing political past. |
Kirchner's electoral promises included "returning to a republic of equals". After the first round of the election, Kirchner visited the president of [[Brazil]], [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], who received him enthusiastically. He also declared he was proud of his radical left-wing political past. |
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Although Menem, who was president from 1989 to 1999, won the first round of the election on [[April 27]], [[2003]], he only got 24% of the valid votes |
Although Menem, who was president from 1989 to 1999, won the first round of the election on [[April 27]], [[2003]], he only got 24% of the valid votes — just 2% ahead of Kirchner. This was an empty victory, as Menem had by then a strongly negative image among a large segment of the Argentine population and had virtually no chance of winning the [[runoff election]]. After days of speculation, during which polls forecast a massive victory for Kirchner with about a 30%–40% difference, Menem finally decided to stand down. This automatically made Kirchner president of Argentina. He was sworn in on [[May 25]], [[2003]] to a four-year term of office. |
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==President of Argentina== |
==President of Argentina== |
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{{succession box | before=[[Héctor Marcelino García]] | title=[[Gubernur Santa Cruz]]| after=[[Héctor Icazuriaga]]| years=[[1991]] |
{{succession box | before=[[Héctor Marcelino García]] | title=[[Gubernur Santa Cruz]]| after=[[Héctor Icazuriaga]]| years=[[1991]]–[[2003]]}} |
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{{succession box | before=[[Eduardo Duhalde]] | title=[[Presiden Argentina]]| after=[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] ''(Presiden-terpilih)''| years=[[2003]] |
{{succession box | before=[[Eduardo Duhalde]] | title=[[Presiden Argentina]]| after=[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] ''(Presiden-terpilih)''| years=[[2003]]–2007}} |
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{{kotak selesai}} |
{{kotak selesai}} |
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Revisi per 18 Februari 2008 02.29
Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić | |
|---|---|
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| Presiden Argentina ke-54 | |
| Masa jabatan 25 Mei 2003 – 10 Desember 2007 | |
| Wakil Presiden | Daniel Scioli |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 25 Februari 1950 Río Gallegos, Argentina |
| Kebangsaan | Argentina |
| Partai politik | Front for Victory, (Partai Justisialis) |
| Suami/istri | Cristina Elisabeth Fernández |
| Profesi | Pengacara |
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Néstor Kirchner, nama lengkapnya Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (lahir 25 Februari 1950) adalah Presiden Argentina yang menjabat sejak 25 Mei 2003. Sebelumnya, Kirchner menjabat gubernur provinsi Santa Cruz (1991-2003). [1]
Masa muda
Kirchner dilahirkan di Río Gallegos, di provinsi Patagonia, Santa Cruz. Ayahnya, seorang pejabat kantor pos, adalah keturunan Swiss; ibunya, Marija Ostoić, dilahirkan di Chili selatan, berlatar belakang Kroasia. Ia belajar di SD dan sekolah menengah negeri di kota kelahirannya, dan mendapatkan ijazah SMU dari Colegio Nacional República de Guatemala.
Sejak muda, Kirchner ikut serta dalam Gerakan Justicialist (Movimiento Justicialista), mula-mula sebagai anggota Peronis Muda, yang radikalisme sayap kirinya sangat keras menentang pemerintahan diktatur militer. Pada pertengahan tahun 1970-an, ia belajar ilmu hukum di Universitas Nasional de la Plata dan mendapatkan gelarnya pada 1976. Ia kembali ke Río Gallegos bersama istrinya, Cristina Fernández, yang juga seorang pengacara dan anggota Partai Justicialist (Partido Justicialista, PJ), untuk melakukan praktik sebagai pengacara. Pada masa rezim diktatur Proses Reorganisasi Nasional di bawah Videla, ia pernah dipenjarakan, namun tidak jelas alasannya dan untuk berapa lama.
Dari pernikahannya dengan Cristina Elisabeth Fernández mereka mempunyai dua anak. Istrinya, dianggap banyak orang merupakan senjata rahasianya, seperti Evita Duarte bagi Juan Perón. Seperti Evita, Cristina lebih suka tampil dengan suaminya.
Ia menjadi Presiden Argentina pada tahun 2003 setelah unggul dari 18 calon presiden, termasuk Carlos Menem yang mundur empat hari sebelum pemilu presiden babak kedua. Penampilan luar Kirchner tidak meyakinkan orang bahwa dia penerus tradisi. Keberhasilannya sebagai gubernur pun menurut para pengkritiknya bukan indikator, karena Santa Cruz yang berada di wilayah Patagonia adalah provinsi luas yang jarang penduduknya.
Menolak membayar utang
Dengan total 102,6 milyar dolar AS utang luar negeri, Argentina menyatakan tidak akan membayar semuanya. Presiden Nestor Kirchner mengutarakan bahwa Argentina hanya membayar US$38,5 milyar – US$41,8 milyar pada 13 Januari 2005 di Buenos Aires. “Tawaran segera diluncurkan dan tidak diubah lagi meski ada penolakan dari para kreditor. Tawaran itu benar-benar tidak diubah dan segera dilaksanakan,” tandas Presiden Kirchner. Lebih dari 600.000 kreditor Argentina di seluruh dunia diminta menerima usulannya dengan batas akhir 25 Februari 2005.
Dari US$41,8 milyar utang yang rencananya dibayar, Argentina meminta kreditor, apakah dipatok berdasarkan kurs uang yang tersedia yakni peso Argentina, dolar AS, euro, atau yen. Utang dikonversikan ke dalam bentuk obligasi baru yang memiliki jangka waktu pembayaran hingga 2045 atau 40 tahun. Pengumuman tersebut justru membuat nilai mata uang peso dan harga obligasi meningkat. Akibat gagal bayar utang pada tahun 2001, Argentina mengalami krisis terburuk sepanjang sejarah. Setengah dari 20 juta penduduknya jatuh miskin. Awalnya, Argentina hanya akan membayar 12% dari total utang luar negerinya.
Rujukan
- Guareschi, Roberto (5 Nov. 2005). "Not quite the Evita of Argentine legend". New Straits Times, hlm. 21.
Pranala luar
- (Spanyol) Situs resmi kepresidenan
- (Inggris) "Argentine revival marks Kirchner first year", BBC News
| Didahului oleh: Héctor Marcelino García |
Gubernur Santa Cruz 1991–2003 |
Diteruskan oleh: Héctor Icazuriaga |
| Didahului oleh: Eduardo Duhalde |
Presiden Argentina 2003–2007 |
Diteruskan oleh: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Presiden-terpilih) |