Kemunduran agama Mesir kuno: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
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== Daftar pustaka == |
== Daftar pustaka == |
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*{{cite book |last=Bremmer |first=Jan N. |authorlink=Jan N. Bremmer |title=Initiation into the Mysteries of the Ancient World |year=2014 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-029955-7 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Bremmer |first=Jan N. |authorlink=Jan N. Bremmer |title=Initiation into the Mysteries of the Ancient World |year=2014 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-029955-7 |ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book |editor1-last=Bricault |editor1-first=Laurent |title=De Memphis à Rome: Actes du Ier Colloque international sur les études isiaques, Poitiers – Futuroscope, 8–10 avril 1999 |language=French, English |year=2000 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11736-5 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Bricault |editor1-first=Laurent |title=De Memphis à Rome: Actes du Ier Colloque international sur les études isiaques, Poitiers – Futuroscope, 8–10 avril 1999 |language=French, English |year=2000 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11736-5 |ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Bricault |first=Laurent |title=Atlas de la diffusion des cultes isiaques |language=French |year=2001 |publisher=Diffusion de Boccard |isbn=978-2-87754-123-7 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Bricault |first=Laurent |title=Atlas de la diffusion des cultes isiaques |language=French |year=2001 |publisher=Diffusion de Boccard |isbn=978-2-87754-123-7 |ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book | last = David | first = Rosalie | title=Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt | publisher=Penguin | year=2002 | isbn=0-14-026252-0 | ref = harv}} |
* {{cite book | last = David | first = Rosalie | title=Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt | publisher=Penguin | year=2002 | isbn=0-14-026252-0 | ref = harv}} |
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*{{cite book |last= Dijkstra |first= Jitse|date= 2008|title=Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion: A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Philae-Ancient-Egyptian-Religion-Transformation/dp/9042920319 |location= |publisher= Peeters | isbn=978-9042920316}} |
* {{cite book |last= Dijkstra |first= Jitse|date= 2008|title=Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion: A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Philae-Ancient-Egyptian-Religion-Transformation/dp/9042920319 |location= |publisher= Peeters | isbn=978-9042920316}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Donalson|first=Malcolm Drew|title=The Cult of Isis in the Roman Empire: Isis Invicta|year=2003|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press|isbn=978-0-7734-6894-8|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last=Donalson|first=Malcolm Drew|title=The Cult of Isis in the Roman Empire: Isis Invicta|year=2003|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press|isbn=978-0-7734-6894-8|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book | last= Frankfurter | first= David | title= Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance | publisher= Princeton University Press| year= 1998 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Y6VJgeU28lQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Religion+in+Roman+Egypt&cd=1#v=onepage&q | isbn=0-691-07054-7 | ref = harv}} |
* {{cite book | last= Frankfurter | first= David | title= Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance | publisher= Princeton University Press| year= 1998 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Y6VJgeU28lQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Religion+in+Roman+Egypt&cd=1#v=onepage&q | isbn=0-691-07054-7 | ref = harv}} |
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*{{cite book | last=Hornung | first= Erik | author-mask = 3 |others= Lorton, David transl | title= The Secret Lore of Egypt: Its Impact on the West | publisher = Cornell University Press | year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=SB_y56Vlz5kC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Secret+Lore+of+Egypt:+Its+Impact+on+the+West&cd=1#v=onepage&q | isbn = 0-8014-3847-0 | ref = harv}} |
* {{cite book | last=Hornung | first= Erik | author-mask = 3 |others= Lorton, David transl | title= The Secret Lore of Egypt: Its Impact on the West | publisher = Cornell University Press | year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=SB_y56Vlz5kC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Secret+Lore+of+Egypt:+Its+Impact+on+the+West&cd=1#v=onepage&q | isbn = 0-8014-3847-0 | ref = harv}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Orlin |first=Eric M. |title=Foreign Cults in Rome: Creating a Roman Empire |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973155-8 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Orlin |first=Eric M. |title=Foreign Cults in Rome: Creating a Roman Empire |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973155-8 |ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book |editor-last=Riggs |editor-first=Christina |title=The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957145-1 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |editor-last=Riggs |editor-first=Christina |title=The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957145-1 |ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Tiradritti | first=Francesco |chapter=The Return of Isis in Egypt: Remarks on Some Statues of Isis and on the Diffusion of Her Cult in the Greco-Roman World |editor-last=Hoffmann |editor-first=Adolf |title=Ägyptische Kulte und ihre Heiligtümer im Osten des Römischen Reiches. Internationales Kolloquium 5./6. September 2003 in Bergama (Türkei) |year=2005 |publisher=Ege Yayınları |isbn=978-1-55540-549-6 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last=Tiradritti | first=Francesco |chapter=The Return of Isis in Egypt: Remarks on Some Statues of Isis and on the Diffusion of Her Cult in the Greco-Roman World |editor-last=Hoffmann |editor-first=Adolf |title=Ägyptische Kulte und ihre Heiligtümer im Osten des Römischen Reiches. Internationales Kolloquium 5./6. September 2003 in Bergama (Türkei) |year=2005 |publisher=Ege Yayınları |isbn=978-1-55540-549-6 |ref=harv}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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== Bacaan tambahan == |
== Bacaan tambahan == |
||
*{{cite book |last= Dijkstra |first= Jitse|date= 2008|title=Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion: A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Philae-Ancient-Egyptian-Religion-Transformation/dp/9042920319 |location= |publisher= Peeters | isbn=978-9042920316}} |
* {{cite book |last= Dijkstra |first= Jitse|date= 2008|title=Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion: A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Philae-Ancient-Egyptian-Religion-Transformation/dp/9042920319 |location= |publisher= Peeters | isbn=978-9042920316}} |
||
*{{cite book | last= Frankfurter | first= David | title= Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance | publisher= Princeton University Press| year= 1998 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Y6VJgeU28lQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Religion+in+Roman+Egypt&cd=1#v=onepage&q | isbn=0-691-07054-7}} |
* {{cite book | last= Frankfurter | first= David | title= Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance | publisher= Princeton University Press| year= 1998 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Y6VJgeU28lQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Religion+in+Roman+Egypt&cd=1#v=onepage&q | isbn=0-691-07054-7}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Myśliwiec |first= Karol |date=2000-12-01 |title=The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: 1st Millennium B.C. |url= https://www.amazon.com/Twilight-Ancient-Egypt-Millennium-B-C/dp/0801486300/ref=mt_paperback?_encoding=UTF8&me=|location=Ithaca, NY |publisher= Cornell University Press|isbn= 978-0801486302 |author-link= Karol Myśliwiec }} |
* {{cite book |last= Myśliwiec |first= Karol |date=2000-12-01 |title=The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: 1st Millennium B.C. |url= https://www.amazon.com/Twilight-Ancient-Egypt-Millennium-B-C/dp/0801486300/ref=mt_paperback?_encoding=UTF8&me=|location=Ithaca, NY |publisher= Cornell University Press|isbn= 978-0801486302 |author-link= Karol Myśliwiec }} |
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Revisi per 17 September 2018 13.05
Kemunduran praktek agama asli di Mesir kuno sebagian besar diatributkan kepada penyebaran agama Kristen di Mesir, dan alam monoteistik ketatnya tak membolehkan sinkretisme nampak antara agama Mesir dan agama politeistik lainnya, seperti agama Romawi kuno. Meskipun praktek agama di Mesir relatif bersifat tetap meskipun kontak dengan dunia Laut Tengah, seperti dengan Persia, Yunani dan Romawi, agama Kristen secara langsung bersaing dengan agama asli. Bahkan sebelum Edik Milan pada 313 M, yang melegalisasikan agama Kristen di Kekaisaran Romawi, Mesir menjadi pusat awal agama Kristen, khususnya di Aleksandria dimana sejumlah penulis Kristen dari zaman kuno seperti Origenes dan Klemens dari Aleksandria menjalani sebagian besar kehidupan mereka, dan agama Mesir asli hanya sedikit memberontak terhadap keberadaan Kristen di provinsi tersebut. Agama Kristen sangat mudah memasuki Mesir Hilir dan Delta Nil; penaklukan Mesir oleh Arab pada 641 M diyakini membatasi agama asli pada wilayah-wilayah pinggiran di Mesir Hulu dan Oasis Siwa.
Referensi
Daftar pustaka
- Bremmer, Jan N. (2014). Initiation into the Mysteries of the Ancient World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-029955-7.
- Bricault, Laurent, ed. (2000). De Memphis à Rome: Actes du Ier Colloque international sur les études isiaques, Poitiers – Futuroscope, 8–10 avril 1999 (dalam bahasa French and English). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11736-5.
- Bricault, Laurent (2001). Atlas de la diffusion des cultes isiaques (dalam bahasa French). Diffusion de Boccard. ISBN 978-2-87754-123-7.
- David, Rosalie (2002). Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-026252-0.
- Dijkstra, Jitse (2008). Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion: A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE). Peeters. ISBN 978-9042920316.
- Donalson, Malcolm Drew (2003). The Cult of Isis in the Roman Empire: Isis Invicta. The Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-6894-8.
- Frankfurter, David (1998). Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07054-7.
- ——— (2001). The Secret Lore of Egypt: Its Impact on the West. Lorton, David transl. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3847-0.
- Orlin, Eric M. (2010). Foreign Cults in Rome: Creating a Roman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973155-8.
- Riggs, Christina, ed. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957145-1.
- Tiradritti, Francesco (2005). "The Return of Isis in Egypt: Remarks on Some Statues of Isis and on the Diffusion of Her Cult in the Greco-Roman World". Dalam Hoffmann, Adolf. Ägyptische Kulte und ihre Heiligtümer im Osten des Römischen Reiches. Internationales Kolloquium 5./6. September 2003 in Bergama (Türkei). Ege Yayınları. ISBN 978-1-55540-549-6.
Bacaan tambahan
- Dijkstra, Jitse (2008). Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion: A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE). Peeters. ISBN 978-9042920316.
- Frankfurter, David (1998). Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07054-7.
- Myśliwiec, Karol (2000-12-01). The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: 1st Millennium B.C. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801486302.