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The ''cardinal'' series are derived from [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal number]]s, such as the English ''one, two, three.'' The ''multiple'' series are based on adverbial numbers like the English ''once, twice, thrice.'' The ''distributives'' originally meant ''one each, two each'' or ''one by one, two by two,'' etc., though that meaning is now frequently lost. The ''ordinal'' series is based on [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]]s such as the English ''first, second, third''. For numbers higher than 2, the ordinal forms are also used for fractions; only the fraction ½ has special forms.
The ''cardinal'' series are derived from [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal number]]s, such as the English ''one, two, three.'' The ''multiple'' series are based on adverbial numbers like the English ''once, twice, thrice.'' The ''distributives'' originally meant ''one each, two each'' or ''one by one, two by two,'' etc., though that meaning is now frequently lost. The ''ordinal'' series is based on [[ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]]s such as the English ''first, second, third''. For numbers higher than 2, the ordinal forms are also used for fractions; only the fraction ½ has special forms.


For the hundreds, there are competing forms: those in ''-gent-'', from the original Latin, and those in ''-cent-'', derived from ''centi-'' etc. plus the prefixes for 1–9.
For the hundreds, there are competing forms: those in ''-gent-'', from the original Latin, and those in ''-cent-'', derived from ''centi-'' etc. plus the prefixes for 1–9.
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* They occur as prefixes to units of measure in the [[SI]] system. See [[SI prefix]].
* They occur as prefixes to units of measure in the [[SI]] system. See [[SI prefix]].
* They occur as prefixes to units of computer data. See [[binary prefixes]].
* They occur as prefixes to units of computer data. See [[binary prefixes]].
* They occur in words in the same languages as the original number word, and their respective derivatives. (Strictly speaking, some of the common citations of these occurrences are ''not'' in fact occurrences of the prefixes. For example: [[Wiktionary:millennium|millennium]] is not formed from [[Wiktionary:milli-|milli-]], but is in fact derived from the same shared Latin root – [[Wiktionary:mille|mille]].)
* They occur in words in the same languages as the original number word, and their respective derivatives. (Strictly speaking, some of the common citations of these occurrences are ''not'' in fact occurrences of the prefixes. For example: [[Wiktionary:millennium|millennium]] is not formed from [[Wiktionary:milli-|milli-]], but is in fact derived from the same shared Latin root – [[Wiktionary:mille|mille]].)


Because of the common inheritance of Greek and Latin roots across the [[Romance language]]s, the import of much of that derived vocabulary into non-Romance languages (such as into [[English language|English]] via [[Norman language|Norman French]]), and the [[loanwords|borrowing]] of 19th and 20th century coinages into many languages, the same numerical prefixes occur in many languages.
Because of the common inheritance of Greek and Latin roots across the [[Romance language]]s, the import of much of that derived vocabulary into non-Romance languages (such as into [[English language|English]] via [[Norman language|Norman French]]), and the [[loanwords|borrowing]] of 19th and 20th century coinages into many languages, the same numerical prefixes occur in many languages.

Revisi per 5 November 2018 13.41

Awalan bilangan (bahasa Inggris: Numeral prefix atau number prefix) adalah awalan yang diturunkan dari bilangan-bilangan dari berbagai bahasa. Sejumlah kata-kata itu termasuk ke dalam kosakata bahasa Indonesia melalui bahasa-bahasa Eropa, misalnya bahasa Latin, bahasa Yunani, bahasa Belanda, bahasa Inggris dan lain-lain, misalnya: September – Oktober – November – Desember, desimal – heksadesimal, dan sebagainya. Untuk bahasa Eropa ada dua sistem prinsip, yaitu dari bahasa Latin dan Yunani, sedangkan bahasa Indonesia juga mendapat pengaruh dari bahasa Sanskerta.[1] Ada juga awalan internasional dalam satuan ukuran yang digunakan dalam sistem metrik, yang sebagian besar diubah dari bentuk-bentuk asli maupun tidak berdasarkan kata-kata bilangan.

Tabel awalan bilangan dalam bahasa Indonesia

Bilangan Latin Yunani Sanskerta[1]
Kardinal Multipel Distributif Ordinal Kardinal Multipel
1⁄12 unsi-  –  –  –
⅛ oktan-  –  –  –  –  –
⅙ sekstan-  –  –  –  –  –
¼ kuadran-  –  –  –  –  –
⅓ trien-  –  –  –  –  –
½ semi-  – demi-[2]  – hemi-  –  –
¾ dodran-  –  –  –  –  –
1 uni- sim-[3] singul- prim- hen-[4] mono-, haplo-[4] eka-
1 ¼ kuaskui-
1 ½ seskui-
2 du- bi-, bis- bin- sekond- di-, duo- dis- dwi-
3 tri- ter- tern-, trin- terti- tri- tris- tri-
4 kuadri-,
kuadru-[5]		 kuater-[6] kuatern-[7] kuart-[8] tetra- tetrakis- catur-
5 kuinkue-[9]  – kuin-[10] quint-[11] penta- pentakis- panca-
6 seksa-[12]  – sen-[13] sext-[14] heksa- heksakis- sat-
7 septem-,
septi-		 septen-[15] septim- hepta- heptakis- sapta-
8 octo-  – octon-[16] octav-[17] ogdo-,
okta-, okto-		 oktakis- asta-
9 novem- noven- nona- ennea- enneakis- nawa-
10 decem-, dec- den-[18] decim-[19] deka- dekakis- dasa-
11 undec- unden-[20] undesim-[21] hendeka- undekakis- ekadasa-
12 duodek- duoden- duodesim- dodeka- dodekakis- dwidasa-
13 tredek-, dll. triskaideka- tridekakis- tridasa-
14 kuatuordek- tetrakaideka- tetradekakis- caturdasa-
15 kuinkuadek-, kuindek-[22] quinden-[23] quindecim-[24] pentakaideka- pentadekakis- pancadasa-
16 sedec-,[25]
sexdec- (but hexadecimal[12])		 heksakaideka-,
heksadeka-		 heksadekakis-
17 septendek- heptakaideka-
18 oktodek- oktakaideka-
19 novemdek-,
novendek-		 enneakaideka-
20* viginti- visen-,
vigen-		 vigesim- ikosa-, ikosi-,
eikosa-		 eikosakis-
30 triginti- trisen- trigesim- triakonta-
40 quadraginti- quadragen- quadragesim- tetrakonta-
50 quinquaginti-[26] quinquagen-[27] quinquagesim-[28] pentaconta-
60 sexaginti- sexagen- sexagesim- hexaconta-
70 septuaginti- septuagen- septuagesima- heptaconta-
80 octogint- octogen- octogesim- octaconta-  –  –
90 nonagint- nonagen- nonagesim- enneaconta-  –  –
100 centi- centen- centesim- hecato-,
hecatont-		  – sata–
200 ducenti- ducen-,
bicenten-		  – diacosioi-  –  –
300 trecenti- trecen-,
tercenten-,
tricenten-		  – triacosioi-  –  –
400 quadringenti- quadringen-,
quatercenten-,
quadricenten-		 tetracosioi-  –
500 quingent-,[29]
quincent-[30]		 quingen-,[31]
quingenten-,
quincenten-		 quingentesim-[32] pentacosioi-  –
600 sescenti-, sexcenti- sescen-,
seksenten-		 heksakosioi-  –
700 septingenti- septingen-,
septingenten-,
septsenten-		 heptakosioi-  –
800 oktingenti- oktingen-,
oktingenten-,
oktosenten-		  – oktacosioi-  –  –
900 nongenti- nongen- enneacosioi-  –  –
1000 milli- millen- millesim- chili-  – sasra–
10,000  – myria-  – ayuta–
Unspecified (more than one) multi-  – poly- bahu–

Seskui- digunakan dalam kombinasi bahasa Latin untuk 1 ½ (misalnya seskuisentenial) dan kuaskui- untuk 1 ¼; multi- dan poli- masing-masing digunakan dalam kombinasi Latin dan Yunani, untuk "banyak" (multilateral, poligon).

Bahasa Latin kardinal

  • unicycle, bicycle, tricycle, quadricycle
  • uniped, biped, triped, quadruped,[5] centipede, millipede

Bahasa Latin distributif

  • unary, biner, trinary, kuaterner, quinary, senary, ... vicenary ... centenary ...
  • quinquagenarian, sexagenarian, septuagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, centenarian, ... millenarian

Bahasa Yunani

Bahasa Sanskerta

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Lihat "Mendeleev's predicted elements" untuk penggunaan paling lazim awalan bilangan Sanskreta.
  2. ^ Demi- sebenarnya dari bahasa Perancis, asalnya bahasa Latin dimidium.
  3. ^ Sim- (sin-) dijumpai pada kata-kata simpleks, simpel.
  4. ^ a b Awalan Yunani untuk bilangan 'satu' sebenarnya mono- "=sendirian". Hen- 'satu' hanya digunakan dalam kata majemuk bilangan (hendeka- "11") dan beberapa kata seperti henad (= monad). Haplo- 'tunggal' dijumpai dalam beberapa kata teknis seperti haploid.
  5. ^ a b Bentuk-bentuk ini berkaitan dengan quattuor "empat", seperti tiga integer sebelumnya, merupakan kata tak beraturan dalam bahasa Latin dan bahasa Indo-Eropa lain; tidak jelas apakah merupakan bentuk asimilasi. Andrew Sihler, New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin, p. 412, and Carl Darling Buck, Comparative grammar of Greek and Latin. In particular, quadri- has the alternate form quadru- before p in some Latin words, such as quadruple.
  6. ^ "quăter". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  7. ^ "quăterni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  8. ^ "quartus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  9. ^ "quinque". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  10. ^ "quīni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  11. ^ "quintus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  12. ^ a b Sometimes Greek heksa- is used in Latin compounds, such as hexadecimal, due to taboo avoidance with the English word sex.
  13. ^ "sēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  14. ^ "sextus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  15. ^ "septēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  16. ^ "octōni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  17. ^ "octāvus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  18. ^ "dēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  19. ^ "dĕcĭmus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  20. ^ "undēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  21. ^ "undĕcĭmus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  22. ^ "quindĕcim". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  23. ^ "quindēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  24. ^ "quindĕcĭmus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  25. ^ "sēdĕcim". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  26. ^ "quinquāginta". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  27. ^ "quinquāgēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  28. ^ "quinquāgēsĭmus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  29. ^ "quingenti". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  30. ^ "quincenti". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  31. ^ "quingēni". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  32. ^ "quingentēsĭmus". Diakses tanggal 2011-05-14. 
  33. ^ Dalam kimia organik, awalan untuk 9 menggunakan bahasa Latin bukan bahasa Yunani

Pustaka

Pustaka tambahan

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