Publius Quinctilius Varus: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 24 November 2018 16.27

Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 SM di Kremona, Republik Romawi – 15 September 9 M di dekat Kalkriese, Jerman) adalah seorang jenderal dan politikus Romawi pada masa kekuasaan Kaisar Romawi yang pertama, Agustus. Varus dikenang dalam sejarah sebagai jenderal yang mengalami kekalahan besar dalam Pertempuran Hutan Teutoburg melawan suku-suku Jermanik, sehingga Romawi kehilangan tiga legiun sekaligus dan Varus pun bunuh diri.

Latar belakang

Varus terlahir dengan latar belakang gens Quinctilia. Walaupun ia terlahir sebagai seorang patrician, keluarganya bukanlah keluarga yang kaya.

Referensi

J. R. Abdale, Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg (Google eBook), Trafford Publishing, 2013
M. Lightman & B. Lightman, A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women, Infobase Publishing, 2008
R. Seager, Tiberius (Google eBook), John Wiley & Sons, 2008
Rome's Greatest Defeat: Massacre in the Teutoburg Forest (Hardcover) by Adrian Murdoch, Hardcover: 256 pages, Publisher: Sutton Publishing (June 14, 2006), ISBN 0-7509-4015-8, ISBN 978-0-7509-4015-3
B. Severy, Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire, Routledge, 2004
The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest by Peter S. Wells, W. W. Norton & Company, October 2003, ISBN 0-393-02028-2, ISBN 978-0-393-02028-1
A Roman Encyclopedia by Matthew Bunson, 1995 Oxford Paperback Reference
R. Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, Oxford University Press, 1989
Compendium of Roman History (Res gestae divi Augusti) by Velleius Paterculus, Harvard University Press; 1924. Brief mention of the Varus Disaster by the author, who was serving as a staff officer with Tiberius in Pannonia at the time.
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon, Modern Library
Annals by Tacitus (various editions). Summarizes reports of later Romans who found the battlefield.
The Twelve Caesars, Suetonius, translated by Robert Graves, 1957, Penguin Books; Also available from Project Gutenberg: The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Complete

Artikel bertopik biografi tokoh ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-[[Berkas:Varus - Antiquitates Germanicæ - Tacitus & Hooft.tiff|thumb|right|300px|Varus menerima pemimpin-pemimpin Jermanik]]
+[[Berkas:Varus - Antiquitates Germanicæ - Tacitus & Hooft.tiff|jmpl|ka|300px|Varus menerima pemimpin-pemimpin Jermanik]]
 '''Publius Quinctilius Varus''' (46 SM di [[Kremona]], [[Republik Romawi]] – 15 September 9 M di dekat [[Kalkriese]], Jerman) adalah seorang jenderal dan politikus [[Romawi]] pada masa kekuasaan [[Kaisar Romawi]] yang pertama, [[Augustus|Agustus]]. Varus dikenang dalam sejarah sebagai jenderal yang mengalami kekalahan besar dalam [[Pertempuran Hutan Teutoburg]] melawan suku-suku Jermanik, sehingga Romawi kehilangan tiga legiun sekaligus dan Varus pun bunuh diri.
@@ Baris 9: / Baris 9: @@
 * M. Lightman & B. Lightman, ''A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women'', Infobase Publishing, 2008
 * R. Seager, ''Tiberius (Google eBook)'', John Wiley & Sons, 2008
-*''Rome's Greatest Defeat: Massacre in the Teutoburg Forest (Hardcover)'' by Adrian Murdoch, Hardcover: 256 pages, Publisher: Sutton Publishing (June 14, 2006), {{ISBN|0-7509-4015-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7509-4015-3}}
+* ''Rome's Greatest Defeat: Massacre in the Teutoburg Forest (Hardcover)'' by Adrian Murdoch, Hardcover: 256 pages, Publisher: Sutton Publishing (June 14, 2006), {{ISBN|0-7509-4015-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7509-4015-3}}
 * B. Severy, ''Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire'', Routledge, 2004
-*''The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest '' by Peter S. Wells, W. W. Norton & Company, October 2003, {{ISBN|0-393-02028-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-393-02028-1}}
+* ''The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest '' by Peter S. Wells, W. W. Norton & Company, October 2003, {{ISBN|0-393-02028-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-393-02028-1}}
-*''A Roman Encyclopedia'' by Matthew Bunson, 1995 Oxford Paperback Reference
+* ''A Roman Encyclopedia'' by Matthew Bunson, 1995 Oxford Paperback Reference
 * R. Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', Oxford University Press, 1989
-*''Compendium of Roman History (Res gestae divi Augusti)'' by Velleius Paterculus, Harvard University Press; 1924. Brief mention of the Varus Disaster by the author, who was serving as a staff officer with Tiberius in Pannonia at the time.
+* ''Compendium of Roman History (Res gestae divi Augusti)'' by Velleius Paterculus, Harvard University Press; 1924. Brief mention of the Varus Disaster by the author, who was serving as a staff officer with Tiberius in Pannonia at the time.
-*''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' by [[Edward Gibbon#History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|Edward Gibbon]], Modern Library
+* ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' by [[Edward Gibbon#History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|Edward Gibbon]], Modern Library
-*''Annals'' by [[Tacitus]] (various editions). Summarizes reports of later Romans who found the battlefield.
+* ''Annals'' by [[Tacitus]] (various editions). Summarizes reports of later Romans who found the battlefield.
-*''The Twelve Caesars'', [[Suetonius#The Twelve Caesars|Suetonius]], translated by Robert Graves, 1957, Penguin Books; Also available from [[Project Gutenberg]]: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6400 The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Complete]
+* ''The Twelve Caesars'', [[Suetonius#The Twelve Caesars|Suetonius]], translated by Robert Graves, 1957, Penguin Books; Also available from [[Project Gutenberg]]: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6400 The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Complete]
 {{bio-stub}}
 [[Kategori:Kelahiran 46 SM]]
 [[Kategori:Kematian 9]]