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Revisi per 6 Desember 2018 22.06

Semen, sehari-hari disebut pula mani, air mani, cairan putih, atau pejuh, adalah cairan yang membawa sel-sel sperma yang dikeluarkan oleh organ-organ seksual jantan. Fungsi utama semen adalah untuk mengantarkan sel-sel sperma untuk membuahi sel telur yang dihasilkan oleh individu betina. Proses pengeluaran semen dalam situasi normal disebut ejakulasi.

Aspek-aspek fisiologis

Pembuahan internal dan eksternal

Tergantung pada spesiesnya, spermatozoa dapat menyuburkan sel telur secara eksternal ataupun internal. Dalam pembuahan eksternal, spermatozoa menyuburkan sel telur secara langsung, di luar organ-organ seksual si betina. Ikan betina, misalnya, menebarkan ovumnya ke lingkungan akuatiknya, yang kemudian dibuahi oleh air mani dari ikan jantan.

Namun dalam pembuahan internal, pembuahan terjadi di dalam organ-organ seksual pihak perempuan/betina. Pembuahan internal terjadi setelah inseminasi pihak perempuan/betina oleh pihak lelaki/jantan melalui kopulasi. Di kalangan binatang bertulang belakang yang rendah (amfibi, reptil, burung dan mamalia monotrem), kopulasi dicapai melalui kloaka jantan dan betina. Di kalangan hewan berkantung (marsupial) dan mamalia plasental, kopulasi berlangsung melalui vagina.

Komposisi semen manusia

Semen berasal dari dua komponen: sperma dan plasma seminal. Plasma seminal, pada gilirannya, dihasilkan oleh kontribusi dari seminal vesicle, kelenjar prostat, dan bulbourethral.

Lihat pula

cairan semen yang tidak terpengaruh terhadap asam

Rujukan

Pranala luar

Grizard G, Sion B, Bauchart D, Boucher D (2000). "Separation and quantification of cholesterol and major phospholipid classes in human semen by high-performance liquid chromatography and light-scattering detection". J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 740 (1): 101–7. PMID 10798299.
"factors that affect spermatogenesis"
"Does Semen Have Antidepressant Properties?" By Gordon G. Gallup
simple article about sperm contents
Article about semen addiction

@@ Baris 46: / Baris 46: @@
 Most semen is white in color, but grey or even yellowish semen can be normal as well.  Blood in the semen can cause a pink or reddish color and should be checked out by a doctor.
-After ejaculation, semen first goes through a clotting process and then becomes more liquid.  It is theorized that the initial clotting helps keep the semen in the vaginal canal, but liquefaction frees the sperm to make their longer journey to the ova.  Immediately after ejaculation semen is typically a sticky, jelly-like liquid often forming globules. Within 5 to 40 minutes it will become more watery and liquid before finally drying. <ref>{{cite web
+After ejaculation, semen first goes through a clotting process and then becomes more liquid.  It is theorized that the initial clotting helps keep the semen in the vaginal canal, but liquefaction frees the sperm to make their longer journey to the ova.  Immediately after ejaculation semen is typically a sticky, jelly-like liquid often forming globules. Within 5 to 40 minutes it will become more watery and liquid before finally drying.<ref>{{cite web
                                 | last = Dean
                                 | first = Dr. John
@@ Baris 58: / Baris 58: @@
 It is also hypothesized that components of semen, such as the [[spermatozoa]] as well as the seminal [[blood plasma|plasma]], can cause [[immunosuppression]] in the body when introduced to the [[bloodstream]] or [[lymph]]. Evidence for this dates back to [[1898]], when [[Elie Metchnikoff]] injected a [[guinea pig]] with its own and foreign guinea pig sperm, finding that an [[antibody]] was produced in response; however the antibody was inactive, pointing to a suppression response by the [[immune system]].
-Further research, such as that by S. Mathur and J.M. Goust, demonstrated that non-preexisting antibodies were produced in humans in response to the sperm. These antibodies mistakenly recognized native [[T lymphocytes]] as ''foreign'' [[antigens]], and consequently the T lymphocytes would fall under attack by the body's [[B lymphocytes]]. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Mathur S, Goust J, Williamson H, Fudenberg H | title = Cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocyte antigens. | journal = Am J Reprod Immunol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 113-8 | year = 1981 | id = PMID 6175235}}</ref>
+Further research, such as that by S. Mathur and J.M. Goust, demonstrated that non-preexisting antibodies were produced in humans in response to the sperm. These antibodies mistakenly recognized native [[T lymphocytes]] as ''foreign'' [[antigens]], and consequently the T lymphocytes would fall under attack by the body's [[B lymphocytes]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Mathur S, Goust J, Williamson H, Fudenberg H | title = Cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocyte antigens. | journal = Am J Reprod Immunol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 113-8 | year = 1981 | id = PMID 6175235}}</ref>
 Other semen components shown to spur an immunosuppressive effect are seminal plasma and seminal lymphocytes.