Frahat II: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 2 Juni 2019 11.43

Frahat II (bahasa Parthia: Frahāt, secara harfiah; yang memiliki kejayaan [agung]) merupakan seorang raja Kekaisaran Parthia dari tahun 132 SM hingga 127 SM. Ia sebagian besar dikenal karena upayanya merebut kembali Babilon. Ia adalah putra Mithridates I (171–132 SM). Karena ia masih sangat muda pada saat naik takhta, ibundanya Rinnu menjadi pemangku takhta atas namanya.

Referensi

Daftar pustaka

Karya kuno

Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.

Karya modern

Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2017). "Kārin". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Assar, Gholamreza F. (2006). A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC. Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico. 8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood. Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali. ISBN 978-8-881-47453-0. ISSN 1128-6342.
Hansman, John F. (1998). "Elymais". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 4. hlm. 373–376.
Shayegan, M. Rahim (2011). Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–539. ISBN 9780521766418.
Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. hlm. 1–411. ISBN 9783406093975.
Schippmann, K. (1986). "Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. hlm. 525–536.
Kia, Mehrdad (2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1610693912.
Bickerman, Elias J. (1983), "The Seleucid Period", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 3–20
Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), "The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 21–99
Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah, ed. (2007), The Age of the Parthians, Ideas of Iran, vol. 2, London: I. B. Tauris
Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. hlm. 1–432. ISBN 0-19-987575-8.
Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
Invernizzi, Antonio. "Nisa". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Garthwaite, Gene Ralph (2005), The Persians, Oxford & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 1-55786-860-3
Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2007), "The Iranian Revival in the Parthian Period", dalam Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart, The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran, 2, London & New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum, hlm. 7–25, ISBN 978-1-84511-406-0 .
Brosius, Maria (2006), The Persians: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-32089-5 .
Shayegan, Rahim M. (2007), "On Demetrius II Nicator's Arsacid Captivity and Second Rule", Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 17: 83–103
Kennedy, David (1996), "Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives", dalam Kennedy, David L.; Braund, David, The Roman Army in the East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, hlm. 67–90, ISBN 1-887829-18-0
Katouzian, Homa (2009), The Persians: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Iran, New Haven & London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12118-6 .

Frahat II Kekaisaran Parthia Meninggal: 127 SM
Didahului oleh: Mithridates I	Raja Parthia 132–127 SM	Diteruskan oleh: Artabanus I

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 [[Berkas:Coin of Phraates II (cropped), Seleucia mint.jpg|200px|jmpl|Koin Frahat II, dicetak di Seleukia pada tahun 129 SM ]]
-'''Frahat II''' ([[bahasa Parthia]]: ''Frahāt'', secara harfiah; yang memiliki [[Khwarenah|kejayaan]] [agung]) merupakan seorang raja [[Kekaisaran Parthia]] dari tahun 132 SM hingga 127 SM. Ia sebagian besar dikenal karena upayanya merebut kembali [[Babilon]]. Ia adalah putra [[Mithridates I dari Parthia|Mithridates I]] (171&ndash;132 SM). Karena ia masih sangat muda pada saat naik takhta, ibundanya Rinnu menjadi pemangku takhta atas namanya.
+'''Frahat II''' ([[bahasa Parthia]]: ''Frahāt'', secara harfiah; yang memiliki [[Khwarenah|kejayaan]] [agung]) merupakan seorang raja [[Kekaisaran Parthia]] dari tahun 132 SM hingga 127 SM. Ia sebagian besar dikenal karena upayanya merebut kembali [[Babilon]]. Ia adalah putra [[Mithridates I dari Parthia|Mithridates I]] (171–132 SM). Karena ia masih sangat muda pada saat naik takhta, ibundanya Rinnu menjadi pemangku takhta atas namanya.
-==Referensi==
+== Referensi ==
 {{reflist|2}}
 == Daftar pustaka ==
 === Karya kuno ===
-*[[Justin (historian)|Justin]], Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.
+* [[Justin (historian)|Justin]], Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.
 === Karya modern ===
 * {{cite encyclopedia | article = Kārin | last = Pourshariati | first = Parvaneh | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karin | editor-last = | editor-first =  | editor-link = | encyclopedia  = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2017 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
-*{{Cite book|last=Assar|first=Gholamreza F.|year= 2006|title=A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC|journal=Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico|publisher=Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali|volume=8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood|isbn=978-8-881-47453-0|issn=1128-6342|ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Assar|first=Gholamreza F.|year= 2006|title=A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC|journal=Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico|publisher=Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali|volume=8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood|isbn=978-8-881-47453-0|issn=1128-6342|ref=harv}}
 * {{cite encyclopedia | article = Elymais | last = Hansman | first = John F. | authorlink =  | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/elymais | editor-last = | editor-first =  | editor-link = | encyclopedia  = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 4 | pages = 373-376 | location = | publisher = | year = 1998 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book | title = Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia | year = 2011 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Shayegan | first = M. Rahim | authorlink = | chapter = | pages = 1–539 | isbn = 9780521766418 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=f_gcyC8l80MC&dq=false |ref=harv}}
@@ Baris 26: / Baris 26: @@
 * {{citation|last=Curtis|first=Vesta Sarkhosh|chapter=The Iranian Revival in the Parthian Period|pages=7–25|title=The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran|volume=2|year=2007|publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum|location=London & New York|editor-last=Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart|isbn=978-1-84511-406-0}}.
 * {{citation|last=Brosius|first=Maria|title=The Persians: An Introduction|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|location=London & New York|isbn=0-415-32089-5}}.
-*{{Citation |last=Shayegan|first=Rahim M.|year=2007|title=On Demetrius II Nicator's Arsacid Captivity and Second Rule|journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute|volume=17|pages=83–103|url= |issn= }}
+* {{Citation |last=Shayegan|first=Rahim M.|year=2007|title=On Demetrius II Nicator's Arsacid Captivity and Second Rule|journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute|volume=17|pages=83–103|url= |issn= }}
 * {{citation|last=Kennedy|first=David |author-link=David L. Kennedy |editor-given1=David L. |editor-surname1=Kennedy |editor-given2=David |editor-surname2=Braund |chapter=Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives|pages=67–90|title=The Roman Army in the East|volume=|year=1996|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen|isbn=1-887829-18-0}}
 * {{citation|last=Katouzian|first=Homa|title=The Persians: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Iran|year=2009|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven & London|isbn=978-0-300-12118-6}}.