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}}</ref> Ia adalah istri [[Rajput]] pertamanya,<ref name="royalark.net">INDIA The Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm</ref><ref name="Lal 2005 170">{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Ruby|title=Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521850223|page=170}}</ref><ref name="2008_Rediff_Really_Exist">{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/06jodha.htm | title = Did Jodhabai really exist? | author = Syed Firdaus Ashraf | publisher = [[Rediff.com]] | date = 2008-02-05 | accessdate = 2008-02-15}}</ref><ref name = Smith>{{cite book|last = Smith|first = Vincent Arthur|title = Akbar the Great Mogul|publisher = Oxford, Clarendon Press|year = 1917|ISBN = 0895634716|page = 58}}</ref><ref name = Eraly>{{cite book|last = Eraly|first = Abraham|title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne|publisher = Penguin Books India|year = 2000|ISBN = 0141001437|page = 136}}</ref><ref name=Metcalf>{{cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara, Thomas|title=A Concise History of Modern India|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521863629|page=17}}</ref><ref name = Eraly1>{{cite book|last = Eraly|first = Abraham|title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne|publisher = Penguin Books India|year = 2000|ISBN = 0141001437|page = 171}}</ref> dan ibu dari [[Kaisar]] [[Kekaisaran Mughal|Mughal]] berikutnya, [[Jahangir]],<ref name="royalark.net">INDIA The Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm</ref><ref name="Lal 2005 170"/><ref name="2008_Rediff_Really_Exist">{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/06jodha.htm | title = Did Jodhabai really exist? | author = Syed Firdaus Ashraf | publisher = [[Rediff.com]] | date = 2008-02-05 | accessdate = 2008-02-15}}</ref><ref name=Metcalf>{{cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara, Thomas|title=A Concise History of Modern India|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86362-9|page=17}}</ref><ref name = Eraly1>{{cite book|last = Eraly|first = Abraham|title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals|publisher = Penguin Books India|year = 2000|ISBN = 0141001437|page = 171}}</ref><ref name = Smith1>{{cite book|last = Smith|first = Vincent Arthur|title = Akbar the Great Mogul|publisher = Oxford, Clarendon Press|year = 1917|ISBN = 0895634716|page = 102}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Latif|first=Syad Muhammad|title=Agra: Historical & Descriptive|year=1896|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=81-206-1709-6|page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jayapalan|first=N.|title=Social and Cultural History of India Since 1556|year=2000|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|isbn=81-7156-826-2|page=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=JL|title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol.2|year=1981|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-81-207-1015-3|page=22}}</ref> dan nenek dari Kaisar Mughal selanjutnya [[Shah Jahan]].<ref name="delhi5">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi5.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi5|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date= |accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref><ref name="delhi6">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi6.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi6|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date= |accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref>
}}</ref> Ia adalah istri [[Rajput]] pertamanya,<ref name="royalark.net">INDIA The Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm</ref><ref name="Lal 2005 170">{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Ruby|title=Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521850223|page=170}}</ref><ref name="2008_Rediff_Really_Exist">{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/06jodha.htm | title = Did Jodhabai really exist? | author = Syed Firdaus Ashraf | publisher = [[Rediff.com]] | date = 2008-02-05 | accessdate = 2008-02-15}}</ref><ref name = Smith>{{cite book|last = Smith|first = Vincent Arthur|title = Akbar the Great Mogul|publisher = Oxford, Clarendon Press|year = 1917|ISBN = 0895634716|page = 58}}</ref><ref name = Eraly>{{cite book|last = Eraly|first = Abraham|title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne|publisher = Penguin Books India|year = 2000|ISBN = 0141001437|page = 136}}</ref><ref name=Metcalf>{{cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara, Thomas|title=A Concise History of Modern India|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521863629|page=17}}</ref><ref name = Eraly1>{{cite book|last = Eraly|first = Abraham|title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne|publisher = Penguin Books India|year = 2000|ISBN = 0141001437|page = 171}}</ref> dan ibu dari [[Kaisar]] [[Kekaisaran Mughal|Mughal]] berikutnya, [[Jahangir]],<ref name="royalark.net">INDIA The Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi4.htm</ref><ref name="Lal 2005 170"/><ref name="2008_Rediff_Really_Exist">{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/06jodha.htm | title = Did Jodhabai really exist? | author = Syed Firdaus Ashraf | publisher = [[Rediff.com]] | date = 2008-02-05 | accessdate = 2008-02-15}}</ref><ref name=Metcalf>{{cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara, Thomas|title=A Concise History of Modern India|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86362-9|page=17}}</ref><ref name = Eraly1>{{cite book|last = Eraly|first = Abraham|title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals|publisher = Penguin Books India|year = 2000|ISBN = 0141001437|page = 171}}</ref><ref name = Smith1>{{cite book|last = Smith|first = Vincent Arthur|title = Akbar the Great Mogul|publisher = Oxford, Clarendon Press|year = 1917|ISBN = 0895634716|page = 102}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Latif|first=Syad Muhammad|title=Agra: Historical & Descriptive|year=1896|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=81-206-1709-6|page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jayapalan|first=N.|title=Social and Cultural History of India Since 1556|year=2000|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|isbn=81-7156-826-2|page=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=JL|title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol.2|year=1981|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-81-207-1015-3|page=22}}</ref> dan nenek dari Kaisar Mughal selanjutnya [[Shah Jahan]].<ref name="delhi5">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi5.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi5|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date= |accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref><ref name="delhi6">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/India4/delhi6.htm|title=Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi6|author=Christopher Buyers|publisher=Royalark.net|date= |accessdate=2013-10-06}}</ref>


Mariam-Uz-Zamani disebut sebagai Ibu Ratu<ref>{{cite book|last=Milford|first=Humphrey|title=Early Travels In India By William Foster,|year=1921|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=203}}</ref> [[Hindustan]], pada masa pemerintahan Jahangir,<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Nazeer|title=Islam in Global History: Volume Two|year=2000|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=0-7388-5965-6|page=51}}</ref>. Ia adalah Permaisuri Hindu Mughal yang menjabat paling lama. Masa jabatannya, dari 6 Februari 1562 sampai 27 Oktober 1605, memiliki rentang waktu 43 tahun. Perlu ditekankan para istri Rajput Akbar tidak diperkenankan memiliki kekuasaan politik.
Mariam-Uz-Zamani disebut sebagai Ibu Ratu<ref>{{cite book|last=Milford|first=Humphrey|title=Early Travels In India By William Foster,|year=1921|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=203}}</ref> [[Hindustan]], pada masa pemerintahan Jahangir,<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Nazeer|title=Islam in Global History: Volume Two|year=2000|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=0-7388-5965-6|page=51}}</ref>. Ia adalah Permaisuri Hindu Mughal yang menjabat paling lama. Masa jabatannya, dari 6 Februari 1562 sampai 27 Oktober 1605, memiliki rentang waktu 43 tahun. Perlu ditekankan para istri Rajput Akbar tidak diperkenankan memiliki kekuasaan politik.


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Revisi per 29 Juni 2019 04.43

Rajkumari Heer Kunwari
Ratu Permaisuri Kekaisaran Mughal
Penggambaran artistik Mariam-uz-Zamani alias Harka Bai
Berkuasa6 Februari 1562 – 27 Oktober 1605
Kelahiran1 Oktober 1542
Amer, India
Kematian19 Mei 1623 (usia 81)[1][2]
Agra, India[3]
Pemakaman
Makam Mariam-uz-Zamani, Sikandra, Agra[1]
PermaisuriAkbar
KeturunanJahangir
WangsaKachwahas dari Amer
AyahRaja Bharmal
AgamaHinduisme

Mariam-uz-Zamani, juga dikenal sebagai Heer Kunwari, Jodha Bai, Hira Kunwari atau Harka Bai, (1 Oktober 1542 – 19 Mei 1623) adalah seorang permaisuri Kekaisaran Mughal. Ia adalah istri dari Kaisar Mughal Akbar.[4][5][6][7] Ia adalah istri Rajput pertamanya,[1][4][5][6][7][8][9] dan ibu dari Kaisar Mughal berikutnya, Jahangir,[1][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13] dan nenek dari Kaisar Mughal selanjutnya Shah Jahan.[14][15]

Mariam-Uz-Zamani disebut sebagai Ibu Ratu[16] Hindustan, pada masa pemerintahan Jahangir,[17]. Ia adalah Permaisuri Hindu Mughal yang menjabat paling lama. Masa jabatannya, dari 6 Februari 1562 sampai 27 Oktober 1605, memiliki rentang waktu 43 tahun. Perlu ditekankan para istri Rajput Akbar tidak diperkenankan memiliki kekuasaan politik.

Mariam-uz-Zamani
Lahir: 1 Oktober 1542 Meninggal: 19 Mei 1623
Gelar
Didahului oleh:
Bega Begum 		Permaisuri Mughal
1562 – 1605 		Diteruskan oleh:
Nur Jahan
Didahului oleh:
Hamida Banu Begum 		Ibu Suri Mughal
1605–1623 		Diteruskan oleh:
Nur Jahan

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d Christopher Buyers. "Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi4". Royalark.net. Diakses tanggal 2013-10-06.  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "royalark.net" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  2. ^ Jahangirnama (1909). Alexander Rogers and Henry Beveridge, ed. The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2. Royal Asiatic Society, London. hlm. 261. 
  3. ^ Jahangir (1909). Rogers and Beveridge, ed. The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Volume 2. Royal Asiatic Society, London. hlm. 261. 
  4. ^ a b c Lal, Ruby (2005). Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 170. ISBN 9780521850223. 
  5. ^ a b c Syed Firdaus Ashraf (2008-02-05). "Did Jodhabai really exist?". Rediff.com. Diakses tanggal 2008-02-15.  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "2008_Rediff_Really_Exist" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  6. ^ a b Smith, Vincent Arthur (1917). Akbar the Great Mogul. Oxford, Clarendon Press. hlm. 58. ISBN 0895634716.  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Smith" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  7. ^ a b Eraly, Abraham (2000). Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India. hlm. 136. ISBN 0141001437.  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Eraly" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  8. ^ a b Metcalf, Barbara, Thomas (2006). A Concise History of Modern India. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 17. ISBN 9780521863629.  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Metcalf" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  9. ^ a b Eraly, Abraham (2000). Emperors of the Peacock Throne. Penguin Books India. hlm. 171. ISBN 0141001437.  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Eraly1" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
  10. ^ Smith, Vincent Arthur (1917). Akbar the Great Mogul. Oxford, Clarendon Press. hlm. 102. ISBN 0895634716. 
  11. ^ Latif, Syad Muhammad (1896). Agra: Historical & Descriptive. Asian Educational Services. hlm. 21. ISBN 81-206-1709-6. 
  12. ^ Jayapalan, N. (2000). Social and Cultural History of India Since 1556. Atlantic Publishers. hlm. 22. ISBN 81-7156-826-2. 
  13. ^ Mehta, JL (1981). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol.2. Sterling Publishers. hlm. 22. ISBN 978-81-207-1015-3. 
  14. ^ Christopher Buyers. "Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi5". Royalark.net. Diakses tanggal 2013-10-06. 
  15. ^ Christopher Buyers. "Timurid Dynasty GENEALOGY delhi6". Royalark.net. Diakses tanggal 2013-10-06. 
  16. ^ Milford, Humphrey (1921). Early Travels In India By William Foster,. Oxford University Press. hlm. 203. 
  17. ^ Ahmed, Nazeer (2000). Islam in Global History: Volume Two. Xlibris Corporation. hlm. 51. ISBN 0-7388-5965-6. 
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