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Clive Staples Lewis dilahirkan di [[Belfast]], [[Irlandia]] (kini [[Irlandia Utara]]), dari Albert James Lewis dan Flora Augusta Hamilton Lewis. Ia mempunyai kakak laki-laki, [[Warren Lewis|Warren Hamilton Lewis]] (Warnie), yang tiga tahun lebih tua. Sewaktu kecil ia mengambil nama "Jack", semata-mata karena ia menyukai bunyinya. Sejak saat itu ia dikenal dengan nama kecil ini oleh teman-teman dekat dan anggota keluarganya. Ibu Lewis meninggal pada 1908, dan ia dikirim ke sejumlah sekolah di Inggris. Lewis telah dibaptis di Gereja Irlandia (bagian dari Komuni Anglikan) pada saat lahir, tetapi jatuh jauh dari imannya selama masa remajanya. Karena pengaruh [[J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] dan teman-teman lain, pada usia 32 Lewis kembali ke Komuni Anglikan di Gereja Inggris.
Clive Staples Lewis dilahirkan di [[Belfast]], [[Irlandia]] (kini [[Irlandia Utara]]), dari Albert James Lewis dan Flora Augusta Hamilton Lewis. Ia mempunyai kakak laki-laki, [[Warren Lewis|Warren Hamilton Lewis]] (Warnie), yang tiga tahun lebih tua. Sewaktu kecil ia mengambil nama "Jack", semata-mata karena ia menyukai bunyinya. Sejak saat itu ia dikenal dengan nama kecil ini oleh teman-teman dekat dan anggota keluarganya. Ibu Lewis meninggal pada 1908, dan ia dikirim ke sejumlah sekolah di Inggris. Lewis telah dibaptis di Gereja Irlandia (bagian dari Komuni Anglikan) pada saat lahir, tetapi jatuh jauh dari imannya selama masa remajanya. Karena pengaruh [[J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] dan teman-teman lain, pada usia 32 Lewis kembali ke Komuni Anglikan di Gereja Inggris.


Sewaktu kecil, Lewis suka sekali akan "binatang yang berpakaian". Ia jatuh cinta pada cerita-cerita [[Beatrix Potter]] dan seringkali menulis cerita-cerita binatang dan membuat ilustrasinya. Ia dan kakaknya, Warnie, bersama-sama menciptakan dunia [[Boxen (C.S.Lewis)|Boxen]], yang dihuni dan dikelola oleh binatang. Lewis gemar membaca, dan karena rumah ayahnya penuh dengan buku-buku, ia merasa bahwa menemukan buku yang belum dibacanya sama mudahnya seperti menemukan sehelai rumput. Pada masa kecilnya, ia juga sangat takut terhadap laba-laba dan serangga, sehingga binatang-binatang itu sering muncul dalam mimpi-mimpinya.
Sewaktu kecil, Lewis suka sekali akan "binatang yang berpakaian". Ia jatuh cinta pada cerita-cerita [[Beatrix Potter]] dan sering kali menulis cerita-cerita binatang dan membuat ilustrasinya. Ia dan kakaknya, Warnie, bersama-sama menciptakan dunia [[Boxen (C.S.Lewis)|Boxen]], yang dihuni dan dikelola oleh binatang. Lewis gemar membaca, dan karena rumah ayahnya penuh dengan buku-buku, ia merasa bahwa menemukan buku yang belum dibacanya sama mudahnya seperti menemukan sehelai rumput. Pada masa kecilnya, ia juga sangat takut terhadap laba-laba dan serangga, sehingga binatang-binatang itu sering muncul dalam mimpi-mimpinya.


Pada masa remajanya, ia kagum terhadap [[Richard Wagner]] dan lagu-lagu serta legenda-legenda Negeri Utara. Semuanya itu memperkuat kerinduan di dalam dirinya, hasrat yang mendalam yang belakangan disebutnya "suka cita".
Pada masa remajanya, ia kagum terhadap [[Richard Wagner]] dan lagu-lagu serta legenda-legenda Negeri Utara. Semuanya itu memperkuat kerinduan di dalam dirinya, hasrat yang mendalam yang belakangan disebutnya "suka cita".
<!--They intensified a longing he had within him, a deep desire he would later call "joy." He also grew to love nature—the beautiful scenes in nature reminded him of the stories of the North, and the stories of the North reminded him of the beauties of nature. In his teenage years, his writing moved away from the tales of Boxen, and he began to use different art forms (poetry and opera) to try and capture his newfound interest in [[Norse mythology]] and in the natural world.
<!--They intensified a longing he had within him, a deep desire he would later call "joy." He also grew to love nature—the beautiful scenes in nature reminded him of the stories of the North, and the stories of the North reminded him of the beauties of nature. In his teenage years, his writing moved away from the tales of Boxen, and he began to use different art forms (poetry and opera) to try and capture his newfound interest in [[Norse mythology]] and in the natural world.


In 1916 Lewis won a [[scholarship]] to [[University College, Oxford]] while World War I was raging. Because he was Irish, Lewis was exempted from the draft, but against his father's wishes he enlisted in the British Army in [[1917]]. He was commissioned as an officer in the third Battalion, [[Somerset Light Infantry]]. Lewis arrived at the front line in the [[Somme]] Valley in [[France]] on his nineteenth birthday, where he met a fellow Irishman, Paddy Moore.
In 1916 Lewis won a [[scholarship]] to [[University College, Oxford]] while World War I was raging. Because he was Irish, Lewis was exempted from the draft, but against his father's wishes he enlisted in the British Army in [[1917]]. He was commissioned as an officer in the third Battalion, [[Somerset Light Infantry]]. Lewis arrived at the front line in the [[Somme]] Valley in [[France]] on his nineteenth birthday, where he met a fellow Irishman, Paddy Moore.


Lewis and Moore agreed that if either of them was killed, the other would take care of his family. Moore was killed in action and Lewis kept his promise. After the war, Lewis sought out Paddy's mother, who lived with him until the end of her life. Many scholars believe that she is the basis of the characters of "the Patient's mother" in the [[The Screwtape Letters|Screwtape Letters]] and Mrs. Macready in the [[Narnia]] books.
Lewis and Moore agreed that if either of them was killed, the other would take care of his family. Moore was killed in action and Lewis kept his promise. After the war, Lewis sought out Paddy's mother, who lived with him until the end of her life. Many scholars believe that she is the basis of the characters of "the Patient's mother" in the [[The Screwtape Letters|Screwtape Letters]] and Mrs. Macready in the [[Narnia]] books.


Lewis was wounded during the [[Battle of Arras]], and suffered some depression, due in part to missing his Irish home. On his recovery, he was assigned duty in England. He was discharged in December 1918, and returned to his studies. He received a First in [[Honour Moderations]] (Greek and Latin Literature) in 1920, a First in [[Greats]] (Philosophy and Ancient History) in 1922, and a First in [[English studies|English]] in 1923.
Lewis was wounded during the [[Battle of Arras]], and suffered some depression, due in part to missing his Irish home. On his recovery, he was assigned duty in England. He was discharged in December 1918, and returned to his studies. He received a First in [[Honour Moderations]] (Greek and Latin Literature) in 1920, a First in [[Greats]] (Philosophy and Ancient History) in 1922, and a First in [[English studies|English]] in 1923.


=="My Irish Life"==
=="My Irish Life"==
Lewis experienced a certain cultural shock when living in England. “No Englishman will be able to understand my first impressions of England,” Lewis wrote in [[Surprised by Joy]]. “The strange English accents with which I was surrounded seemed like the voices of demons. But what was worst was the English landscape… I have made up the quarrel since; but at that moment I conceived a hatred for England which took many years to heal.”
Lewis experienced a certain cultural shock when living in England. “No Englishman will be able to understand my first impressions of England,” Lewis wrote in [[Surprised by Joy]]. “The strange English accents with which I was surrounded seemed like the voices of demons. But what was worst was the English landscape… I have made up the quarrel since; but at that moment I conceived a hatred for England which took many years to heal.”


From his youth, Lewis had immersed himself in [[Irish mythology]] and literature and expressed an interest in the [[Irish language]]. He later developed a particular fondness for [[W. B. Yeats]], in part because of Yeats’s use of Ireland’s [[Celtic]] heritage in poetry. In a letter to a friend Lewis wrote, "I have here discovered an author exactly after my own heart, whom I am sure you would delight in, W. B. Yeats. He writes plays and poems of rare spirit and beauty about our old Irish mythology."
From his youth, Lewis had immersed himself in [[Irish mythology]] and literature and expressed an interest in the [[Irish language]]. He later developed a particular fondness for [[W. B. Yeats]], in part because of Yeats’s use of Ireland’s [[Celtic]] heritage in poetry. In a letter to a friend Lewis wrote, "I have here discovered an author exactly after my own heart, whom I am sure you would delight in, W. B. Yeats. He writes plays and poems of rare spirit and beauty about our old Irish mythology."


He was surprised to find his English peers indifferent to Yeats and the [[Celtic Twilight]] movement. In describing his time at Oxford he wrote, “I am often surprised to find how utterly ignored Yeats is among the men I have met: perhaps his appeal is purely Irish — if so, then thank the gods that I am Irish.”
He was surprised to find his English peers indifferent to Yeats and the [[Celtic Twilight]] movement. In describing his time at Oxford he wrote, “I am often surprised to find how utterly ignored Yeats is among the men I have met: perhaps his appeal is purely Irish — if so, then thank the gods that I am Irish.”
Perhaps to help cope with his environment, Lewis even expressed a somewhat tongue in cheek chauvinism toward the English. Describing an encounter with a fellow Irishman he wrote, “Like all Irish people who meet in England we ended by criticisms of the inevitable flippancy and dullness of the [[Anglo-Saxon]] race. After all, ami, there is no doubt that the Irish are the only people… I would not gladly live or die among another folk.”
Perhaps to help cope with his environment, Lewis even expressed a somewhat tongue in cheek chauvinism toward the English. Describing an encounter with a fellow Irishman he wrote, “Like all Irish people who meet in England we ended by criticisms of the inevitable flippancy and dullness of the [[Anglo-Saxon]] race. After all, ami, there is no doubt that the Irish are the only people… I would not gladly live or die among another folk.”


Lewis did indeed live and die among another folk, due to his Oxford career and often expressed a certain regret at having to leave Ireland. Throughout his life, he sought out the company of his fellow Irish living in England and visited Ireland regularly. He called this “my Irish life”.
Lewis did indeed live and die among another folk, due to his Oxford career and often expressed a certain regret at having to leave Ireland. Throughout his life, he sought out the company of his fellow Irish living in England and visited Ireland regularly. He called this “my Irish life”.


Early in his career, Lewis considered sending his work to the major [[Dublin]] publishers. In a letter to a friend he wrote, "If I do ever send my stuff to a publisher, I think I shall try Maunsel, those Dublin people, and so tack myself definitely onto the Irish school." After his conversion to Christianity, his interests gravitated towards Christian spirituality and away from Celtic mysticism.
Early in his career, Lewis considered sending his work to the major [[Dublin]] publishers. In a letter to a friend he wrote, "If I do ever send my stuff to a publisher, I think I shall try Maunsel, those Dublin people, and so tack myself definitely onto the Irish school." After his conversion to Christianity, his interests gravitated towards Christian spirituality and away from Celtic mysticism.
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Lewis died on [[November 22]], [[1963]], at the Oxford home he shared with his brother, [[Warren Lewis|Warren]]. He is buried in the Headington Quarry Churchyard, Oxford, England. Media coverage of his death was overshadowed by news of the [[assassination of President John F. Kennedy]], which occurred on the same day, as did the death of author [[Aldous Huxley]]. (This coincidence was the inspiration for Peter Kreeft’s book ''Between Heaven and Hell: A Dialog Somewhere Beyond Death with John F. Kennedy, C. S. Lewis & Aldous Huxley''. In this philosophical work, the three men meet in a limbo before the afterlife, and debate the divinity of Jesus Christ, contrasting the differences in their personalities and world views — [[humanism]], [[Christianity]], and [[pantheism]].)
Lewis died on [[November 22]], [[1963]], at the Oxford home he shared with his brother, [[Warren Lewis|Warren]]. He is buried in the Headington Quarry Churchyard, Oxford, England. Media coverage of his death was overshadowed by news of the [[assassination of President John F. Kennedy]], which occurred on the same day, as did the death of author [[Aldous Huxley]]. (This coincidence was the inspiration for Peter Kreeft’s book ''Between Heaven and Hell: A Dialog Somewhere Beyond Death with John F. Kennedy, C. S. Lewis & Aldous Huxley''. In this philosophical work, the three men meet in a limbo before the afterlife, and debate the divinity of Jesus Christ, contrasting the differences in their personalities and world views — [[humanism]], [[Christianity]], and [[pantheism]].)


A bronze statue of Lewis looking into a wardrobe stands in Belfast's Holywood Arches.
A bronze statue of Lewis looking into a wardrobe stands in Belfast's Holywood Arches.


Many books have been inspired by Lewis, including ''[[A Severe Mercy]]'' by his correspondent [[Sheldon Vanauken]]. ''The Chronicles Of Narnia'' has been particularly influential. Modern children's authors like [[Daniel Handler]] (''[[A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'') and [[Eoin Colfer]] (''[[Artemis Fowl (series)|Artemis Fowl]]'') have been influenced more or less by Lewis's series. [[JK Rowling]] has said
Many books have been inspired by Lewis, including ''[[A Severe Mercy]]'' by his correspondent [[Sheldon Vanauken]]. ''The Chronicles Of Narnia'' has been particularly influential. Modern children's authors like [[Daniel Handler]] (''[[A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'') and [[Eoin Colfer]] (''[[Artemis Fowl (series)|Artemis Fowl]]'') have been influenced more or less by Lewis's series. [[JK Rowling]] has said
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{{Narnia}}
{{Narnia}}
{{C. S. Lewis}}
{{C. S. Lewis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Clive Staples}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Clive Staples}}
[[Kategori:Penulis Irlandia Utara]]
[[Kategori:Penulis Irlandia Utara]]

Revisi per 20 Maret 2020 13.35

C. S. Lewis
Monochrome head-and-left-shoulder photo portrait of 50-year-old Lewis
Lahir(1898-11-29)29 November 1898
Belfast, Inggris Raya
Meninggal22 November 1963(1963-11-22) (umur 64)
Oxford, Inggris Raya
PekerjaanNovelis, cendekiawan, broadcaster
GenreFantasi, fiksi ilmiah, apologetik Kristen, bacaan anak
Karya terkenalThe Chronicles of Narnia
Mere Christianity
The Allegory of Love
The Screwtape Letters
The Space Trilogy
Till We Have Faces
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life
Clive Staples Lewis
Dihormati diGereja Epispokal Amerika Serikat
Pesta22 November

Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), lebih dikenal sebagai C.S. Lewis, adalah seorang penulis dan pakar sastra Britania Raya, dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga Protestan di Belfast, meskipun sebagian besar hidupnya dilewati di Inggris. Lewis dikenal karena karyanya dalam sastra abad pertengahan dan untuk apologetik Kristennya serta fiksi, khususnya seri bukunya yang berjudul The Chronicles of Narnia.

Masa kecil

Clive Staples Lewis dilahirkan di Belfast, Irlandia (kini Irlandia Utara), dari Albert James Lewis dan Flora Augusta Hamilton Lewis. Ia mempunyai kakak laki-laki, Warren Hamilton Lewis (Warnie), yang tiga tahun lebih tua. Sewaktu kecil ia mengambil nama "Jack", semata-mata karena ia menyukai bunyinya. Sejak saat itu ia dikenal dengan nama kecil ini oleh teman-teman dekat dan anggota keluarganya. Ibu Lewis meninggal pada 1908, dan ia dikirim ke sejumlah sekolah di Inggris. Lewis telah dibaptis di Gereja Irlandia (bagian dari Komuni Anglikan) pada saat lahir, tetapi jatuh jauh dari imannya selama masa remajanya. Karena pengaruh Tolkien dan teman-teman lain, pada usia 32 Lewis kembali ke Komuni Anglikan di Gereja Inggris.

Sewaktu kecil, Lewis suka sekali akan "binatang yang berpakaian". Ia jatuh cinta pada cerita-cerita Beatrix Potter dan sering kali menulis cerita-cerita binatang dan membuat ilustrasinya. Ia dan kakaknya, Warnie, bersama-sama menciptakan dunia Boxen, yang dihuni dan dikelola oleh binatang. Lewis gemar membaca, dan karena rumah ayahnya penuh dengan buku-buku, ia merasa bahwa menemukan buku yang belum dibacanya sama mudahnya seperti menemukan sehelai rumput. Pada masa kecilnya, ia juga sangat takut terhadap laba-laba dan serangga, sehingga binatang-binatang itu sering muncul dalam mimpi-mimpinya.

Pada masa remajanya, ia kagum terhadap Richard Wagner dan lagu-lagu serta legenda-legenda Negeri Utara. Semuanya itu memperkuat kerinduan di dalam dirinya, hasrat yang mendalam yang belakangan disebutnya "suka cita".

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