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== Membuat artikel baru ==
| name = Birds
* [[Daur nutrien]] ([[:en:Nutrient cycle|en]])
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}}
* [[Ekologi ekosistem]] ([[:en:Ecosystem ecology|en]])
| title = [[Bird]]s ([[Class (biology)|class]]: Aves)
* [[Keanekaragaman spesies]] ([[:en:Species diversity|en]])
| bodyclass = hlist
* [[Keanekaragaman ekosistem]] ([[:en:Ecosystem diversity|en]])
* [[Layanan ekosistem]] ([[:en:Ecosystem service|en]])
* [[Hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati]] ([[:en:Biodiversity loss|en]])
* [[Tingkatan trofik]] ([[:en:Trophic level|en]])
* [[Teori sel]] ([[:en:Cell theory|en]])
* [[Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui]] ([[:en:Earliest known life forms|en]])
* [[Modifikasi pascatranskripsi]] ([[:en:Post-transcriptional modification|en]])
* [[Distribusi spesies]] ([[:en:Species distribution|en]])


| above =
== Navigasi ==
* [[Outline of birds|Outline]]
[[Portal:Biologi/Topik utama]]


| group1 = [[Anatomy]]
== Topik utama portal biologi ==
| list1 =
* [[Bird anatomy]]
* [[Bird flight|Flight]]
* [[Egg]]s
* [[Feather]]s
* [[Plumage]]
* [[Beak]]
* [[Bird vision|Vision]]
* [[Dactyly#bird digits|Dactyly]]
* [[Uropygial gland|Preen gland]]


| group3 = Behaviour
{|style="background: transparent;"
| list3 =
|-
* [[Bird vocalization|Singing]]
! align=left valign=top| '''Umum'''
* [[Bird intelligence|Intelligence]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Garis besar biologi]]&nbsp;| [[Makhluk hidup]]&nbsp;| [[Kehidupan]]&nbsp;| [[Kematian]]</small>
* [[Bird migration|Migration]]
|-
* [[Avian foraging|Foraging]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Organisasi biologis|Hierarki]]'''
* [[Sexual selection in birds|Sexual selection]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Sel (biologi)|Sel]]&nbsp;| [[Jaringan]]&nbsp;| [[Organ (biologi)|Organ]]&nbsp;| [[Sistem organ]]&nbsp;| [[Organisme]]&nbsp;| [[Populasi (biologi)|Populasi]]&nbsp;| [[Komunitas (ekologi)|Komunitas]]&nbsp;| [[Ekosistem]]&nbsp;| [[Bioma]]&nbsp;| [[Biosfer]]</small>
* [[Lek mating]]
|-
* [[Seabird breeding behavior|Seabird breeding]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Klasifikasi biologis|Klasifikasi]]'''
* [[Egg incubation#Avian incubation|Incubation]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Taksonomi (biologi)|Taksonomi]]&nbsp;| [[Peringkat taksonomi]]&nbsp;| [[Domain (biologi)|Domain]]&nbsp;| [[Kerajaan (biologi)|Kerajaan]]&nbsp;| [[Filum]]&nbsp;| [[Kelas (biologi)|Kelas]]&nbsp;| [[Ordo (biologi)|Ordo]]&nbsp;| [[Famili (biologi)|Famili]]&nbsp;| [[Genus]]&nbsp;| [[Spesies]]&nbsp;| [[Tata nama biologi]]</small>
* [[Brood parasite]]s
|-
* [[Bird nest|Nesting]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Sistematika]]'''
* [[Bird hybrid|Hybrids]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Pohon filogenetika]]&nbsp;| [[Prokariota]]&nbsp;| [[Arkea]]&nbsp;| [[Bakteri]]&nbsp;| [[Eukariota]]&nbsp;| [[Protozoa]]&nbsp;| [[Fungi]]&nbsp;| [[Tumbuhan]]&nbsp;| [[Hewan]]&nbsp;| [[Virus]]</small>

|-
| group4 = [[Evolution]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Biologi sel]]'''
| list4 =
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Organel]]&nbsp;| [[Dinding sel]]&nbsp;| [[Sitoplasma]]&nbsp;| [[Sitoskeleton]]&nbsp;| [[Sistem endomembran]]&nbsp;| [[Membran sel]]&nbsp;| [[Vakuola]]&nbsp;| [[Inti sel]]&nbsp;| [[Plasmid]]&nbsp;| [[Kromatin]]&nbsp;| [[Siklus sel]]&nbsp;| [[Replikasi DNA]]&nbsp;| [[Pembelahan sel]]&nbsp;| [[Mitosis]]&nbsp;| [[Meiosis]]&nbsp;| [[Persinyalan sel]]&nbsp;| [[Kematian sel terprogram]]&nbsp;| [[Apoptosis]]</small>
* [[Origin of birds]]
|-
**[[Theropoda]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Biokimia]]'''
**[[Dinosaur|dinosaurs]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Biomolekul]]&nbsp;| [[Karbohidrat]]&nbsp;| [[Lipid]]&nbsp;| [[Asam amino]]&nbsp;| [[Protein]]&nbsp;| [[Enzim]]&nbsp;| [[Prion]]&nbsp;| [[Asam nukleat]]&nbsp;| [[Nukleotida]]&nbsp;| [[DNA]]&nbsp;| [[RNA]]&nbsp;| [[Adenosina trifosfat|ATP]]&nbsp;| [[Metabolisme]]&nbsp;| [[Bioenergetika]]&nbsp;| [[Respirasi seluler]]&nbsp;| [[Fotosintesis]]&nbsp;| [[Fermentasi]]&nbsp;| [[Biologi molekuler]]&nbsp;| [[Dogma sentral biologi molekuler]]&nbsp;| [[Transkripsi (genetik)|Transkripsi]]&nbsp;| [[Translasi (genetik)|Translasi]]</small>
* [[Origin of avian flight|Origin of flight]]
|-
* [[Evolution of birds]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Genetika]]'''
* [[Darwin's finches]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Gen]]&nbsp;| [[Genom]]&nbsp;| [[Ekspresi gen]]&nbsp;| [[Kodon|Kode genetik (kodon)]]&nbsp;| [[Fenotipe]]&nbsp;| [[Genotipe]]&nbsp;| [[Gen dominan]]&nbsp;| [[Homozigot]]&nbsp;| [[Heterozigot]]&nbsp;| [[Kromosom]]&nbsp;| [[Alel]]&nbsp;| [[Hereditas]]&nbsp;| [[Hukum pewarisan Mendel]]&nbsp;| [[Persilangan (biologi)|Persilangan]]&nbsp;| [[Rekayasa genetika]]</small>
* [[Seabird]]s
|-

! align=left valign=top| '''[[Evolusi]]'''
| group5 = [[List of fossil bird genera|Fossil birds]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Pengantar evolusi]]&nbsp;| [[Sejarah pemikiran evolusi]]&nbsp;| [[Evolusi manusia]]&nbsp;| [[Seleksi alam]]&nbsp;| [[Seleksi buatan]]&nbsp;| [[Adaptasi]]&nbsp;| [[Spesiasi]]&nbsp;| [[Mutasi]]&nbsp;| [[Hanyutan genetik]]&nbsp;| [[Aliran gen]]&nbsp;| [[Abiogenesis]]&nbsp;| [[Nenek moyang bersama]]</small>
| list5 =
|-
* ''[[Archaeopteryx]]''
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Ekologi]]'''
* [[Omnivoropterygidae|Omnivoropterygiformes]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Biomassa (ekologi)|Biomassa]]&nbsp;| [[Habitat]]&nbsp;| [[Interaksi biologis]]&nbsp;| [[Simbiosis]]&nbsp;| [[Jaring-jaring makanan]]&nbsp;| [[Rantai makanan]]&nbsp;| [[Piramida ekologi]]&nbsp;| [[Aliran energi]]&nbsp;| [[Autotrof]]&nbsp;| [[Heterotrof]]&nbsp;| [[Herbivor]]&nbsp;| [[Karnivor]]&nbsp;| [[Omnivor]]&nbsp;| [[Pemangsa]]&nbsp;| [[Pengurai]]&nbsp;| [[Daur nutrien]]&nbsp;| [[Daur biogeokimia]]&nbsp;| [[Spesies kunci]]&nbsp;| [[Pribumi (ekologi)|Spesies asli]]&nbsp;| [[Spesies pendatang]]&nbsp;| [[Jenis asing invasif|Spesies invasif]]</small>
* [[Confuciusornithiformes]]
|-
* [[Enantiornithes]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Biologi konservasi|Konservasi]]'''
* [[Chaoyangiformes]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Keanekaragaman hayati]]&nbsp;| [[Hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati]]&nbsp;| [[Keberlanjutan]]&nbsp;| [[Status konservasi]]&nbsp;| [[Kepunahan]]&nbsp;| [[Spesies langka]]&nbsp;| [[Spesies terancam]]&nbsp;| [[Fragmentasi habitat]]&nbsp;| [[Kawasan perlindungan]]&nbsp;| [[Cagar alam]]&nbsp;| [[Suaka margasatwa]]&nbsp;| [[Taman nasional]]</small>
* [[Patagopterygiformes]]
|-
* [[Ambiortiformes]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Biologi perkembangan|Perkembangan]]'''
* [[Songlingornithiformes]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Daur hidup organisme]]&nbsp;| [[Reproduksi aseksual]]&nbsp;| [[Reproduksi vegetatif]]&nbsp;| [[Partenogenesis]]&nbsp;| [[Reproduksi seksual]]&nbsp;| [[Dimorfisme seksual]]&nbsp;| [[Jantan]]&nbsp;| [[Betina]]&nbsp;| [[Gametogenesis]]&nbsp;| [[Pembuahan]]&nbsp;| [[Sel punca]]&nbsp;| [[Diferensiasi sel]]&nbsp;| [[Zigot]]&nbsp;| [[Embriogenesis]]&nbsp;| [[Embrio]]&nbsp;| [[Janin]]&nbsp;| [[Kehamilan]]&nbsp;| [[Kelahiran]]&nbsp;| [[Bayi]]&nbsp;| [[Anak]]&nbsp;| [[Dewasa]]&nbsp;| [[Metamorfosis]]&nbsp;| [[Pubertas]]&nbsp;| [[Siklus estrus]]&nbsp;| [[Siklus menstruasi]]&nbsp;| [[Menopause]]&nbsp;| [[Penuaan]]</small>
* [[Hongshanornithidae]]
|-
* [[Gansus|Gansuiformes]]
! align=left valign=top| '''[[Bioteknologi]]'''
* [[Ichthyornithes|Ichthyornithiformes]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;"&nbsp;| <small>[[Antibodi monoklonal]]&nbsp;| [[Antibiotik]]&nbsp;| [[Bahan bakar hayati]]&nbsp;| [[Biogas]]&nbsp;| [[Bioinformatika]]&nbsp;| [[Biosensor]]&nbsp;| [[Bioterorisme]]&nbsp;| [[CRISPR]]&nbsp;| [[DNA rekombinan]]&nbsp;| [[Elektroforesis]]&nbsp;| [[ELISA]]&nbsp;| [[Fertilisasi in vitro]]&nbsp;| [[Kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi|HPLC]]&nbsp;| [[Inseminasi buatan]]&nbsp;| [[Kloning]]&nbsp;| [[Kultur jaringan]]&nbsp;| [[Kultur sel]]&nbsp;| [[Mikroskop]]&nbsp;| [[Organisme termodifikasi secara genetika]]&nbsp;| [[Reaksi berantai polimerase|PCR]]&nbsp;| [[Pengurutan DNA]]&nbsp;| [[Penyuntingan genom]]&nbsp;| [[Proyek Genom Manusia]]&nbsp;| [[Revolusi Hijau]]&nbsp;| [[Terapi gen]]&nbsp;| [[Transformasi DNA]]&nbsp;| [[Vaksin]]</small>
* [[Hesperornithes]]
|}
* [[Lithornithidae|Lithornithiformes]]
* [[Moa|Dinornithiformes]]
* [[Elephant bird|Aepyornithiformes]]
* [[Gastornithiformes]]

| group6 = [[Human uses of birds|Human</br>interaction]]
| list6 =
* [[Bird ringing|Ringing]]
* [[Ornithology]]
* [[Ornithomancy]]
* [[Bird collections]]
* [[Birdwatching]]
**[[Big year]]
* [[Bird feeding]]
* [[Bird conservation|Conservation]]
* [[Aviculture]]
* [[Waterfowl hunting]]
* [[Cockfight]]ing
* [[Pigeon racing]]
* [[Falconry]]
* [[Pheasantry]]
* [[Oology|Egg collecting]]

| group7 = Lists
| list7 =
* [[List of birds|Families and orders]]
* [[List of bird genera|Genera]]
* [[Glossary of bird terms]]
* [[List of birds by population|List by population]]
* [[Lists of birds by region|Lists by region]]
* [[List of recently extinct bird species|Recently extinct birds]]
* [[List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species|Late Quaternary prehistoric birds]]
* Notable birds
** [[List of individual birds|Individuals]]
** [[List of fictional birds|Fictional]]

| group8 = Neornithes
| list8 ={{Navbox|child
| group1 = [[Palaeognathae]]
| list1 =
* [[Struthionidae|Struthioniformes {{small|(ostriches)}}]]
* [[Rheidae|Rheiformes {{small|(rheas)}}]]
* [[Tinamou|Tinamiformes {{small|(tinamous)}}]]
* [[Kiwi (bird)|Apterygiformes {{small|(kiwis)}}]]
* [[Casuariiformes|Casuariiformes {{small|(emus and cassowaries)}}]]

| group2 = [[Neognathae]]
| list2 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Galloanserae]] <br /> {{small|([[fowl]]s)}}
| list1 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Anseriformes]] <br /> {{small|(waterfowls)}}
| list1 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Anatidae]] <br /> {{small|([[duck]]s)}}
| list1 =
* [[Anatinae]]
** [[Diving duck|Aythyini]]
** [[Mergini]]
** [[Oxyurini]]
* [[Anserinae]]
** [[Swan|{{small|swans}}]]
** [[Goose|{{small|true geese}}]]
* [[Whistling duck|Dendrocygninae]]
* [[Freckled duck|Stictonettinae]]
* [[Tadorninae]]

| group2 = [[Anhimidae]]
| list2 =
* ''[[Anhima]]''
* ''[[Chauna]]''

| group3 = [[Anseranatidae]]
| list3 =
* ''[[Anatalavis]]''
* ''[[Anseranas]]''
}}

| group2 = [[Galliformes]] <br /> {{small|([[landfowl]]s-}} <br /> {{small|[[gamebirds]])}}
| list2 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Cracidae]]
| list1 =
* [[Cracinae]]
* [[Oreophasinae]]
* [[Penelopinae]]

| group2 = [[Megapodidae]]
| list2 =
* ''[[Aepypodius]]''
* ''[[Alectura]]''
* ''[[Eulipoa]]''
* ''[[Leipoa]]''
* ''[[Macrocephalon]]''
* ''[[Megapodius]]''
* ''[[Talegalla]]''

| group3 = [[Numididae]]
| list3 =
* ''[[Vulturine guineafowl|Acryllium]]''
* ''[[Agelastes]]''
* ''[[Guttera]]''
* ''[[Numida]]''

| group4 = [[Odontophoridae]]
| list4 =
* ''[[Callipepla]]''
* ''[[Colinus]]''
* ''[[Cyrtonyx]]''
* ''[[Dactylortyx]]''
* ''[[Dendrortyx]]''
* ''[[Odontophorus]]''
* ''[[Oreortyx]]''
* ''[[Philortyx]]''
* ''[[Rhynchortyx]]''

| group5 = [[Phasianidae]]
| list5 =
* [[Meleagridinae|Meleagridinae {{small|(turkeys)}}]]
* [[Perdicinae]]
* [[Phasianinae|Phasianinae {{small|(pheasants and relatives)}}]]
* [[Tetraoninae]]

}}

}}

| group2 = [[Neoaves]]
| list2 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Columbea]]
| list1 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Columbimorphae]]
| list1 =
* [[Columbiformes|Columbiformes {{small|(doves and pigeons)}}]]
* [[Mesite|Mesitornithiformes {{small|(mesites)}}]]
* [[Sandgrouse|Pterocliformes {{small|(sandgrouse)}}]]

| group2 = [[Mirandornithes]]
| list2 =
* [[Flamingo|Phoenicopteriformes {{small|(flamingos)}}]]
* [[Grebe|Podicipediformes {{small|(grebes)}}]]

}}

| group2 = [[Passerea]]
| list2 ={{navbox|child
| group1 = [[Otidimorphae]]
| list1 =
* [[Cuckoo|Cuculiformes {{small|(cuckoos)}}]]
* [[Turaco|Musophagiformes {{small|(turacos)}}]]
* [[Bustard|Otidiformes {{small|(bustards)}}]]

| group2 = [[Strisores]]
| list2 =
* [[Caprimulgiformes|Caprimulgiformes {{small|(nightjars and relatives)}}]]
* [[Steatornithiformes]]
* [[Podargiformes]]
* [[Apodiformes|Apodiformes {{small|(swifts and hummingbirds)}}]]

| group3 = [[Opisthocomiformes]]
| list3 =
* [[Opisthocomidae|Opisthocomiformes {{small|(hoatzin)}}]]

| group4 = [[Cursorimorphae]]
| list4 =
* [[Charadriiformes|Charadriiformes {{small|(gulls and relatives)}}]]
* [[Gruiformes|Gruiformes {{small|(cranes and relatives)}}]]

| group5 = [[Phaethontimorphae]]
| list5 =
* [[Tropicbird|Phaethontiformes {{small|(tropicbirds)}}]]
* [[Eurypygiformes|Eurypygiformes {{small|(kagu and sunbittern)}}]]

| group6 = [[Aequornithes]]
| list6 =
* [[Loon|Gaviiformes {{small|(loons or divers)}}]]
* [[Penguin|Sphenisciformes {{small|(penguins)}}]]
* [[Procellariiformes|Procellariiformes {{small|(albatrosses and petrels)}}]]
* [[Stork|Ciconiiformes {{small|(storks)}}]]
* [[Suliformes|Suliformes {{small|(cormorants and relatives)}}]]
* [[Pelecaniformes|Pelecaniformes {{small|(pelicans and relatives)}}]]

| group7 = [[Australaves]]
| list7 =
* [[Cariamiformes|Cariamiformes {{small|(seriemas and relatives)}}]]
* [[Falconiformes|Falconiformes {{small|(falcons and relatives)}}]]
* [[Parrot|Psittaciformes {{small|(parrots)}}]]
* [[Passerine|Passeriformes {{small|(perching birds)}}]]

| group8 = [[Afroaves]]
| list8 =
* [[Cathartiformes|Cathartiformes {{small|(New World vultures and condors)}}]]
* [[Accipitriformes|Accipitriformes {{small|(eagles and hawks)}}]]
* [[Owl|Strigiformes {{small|(owls)}}]]
* [[Mousebird|Coliiformes {{small|(mousebirds)}}]]
* [[Trogon|Trogoniformes {{small|(trogons and quetzals)}}]]
* [[Cuckoo roller|Leptosomiformes {{small|(cuckoo roller)}}]]
* [[Bucerotiformes|Bucerotiformes {{small|(hornbills and hoopoes)}}]]
* [[Coraciiformes|Coraciiformes {{small|(kingfishers and rollers)}}]]
* [[Piciformes|Piciformes {{small|(woodpeckers and relatives)}}]]
}}
}}
}}
}}

| below =
* {{icon|Category}}'''[[:Category:Birds|Category]]'''
* {{icon|commons}} '''[[commons:Category:Birds|Commons]]'''
* {{icon|Portal}} '''[[Portal:Birds|Portal]]'''
* {{Icon|WikiProject}} '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds|WikiProject]]'''

Revisi per 17 November 2020 17.12

{{Navbox | name = Birds | state = {{{state}}} | title = Birds (class: Aves) | bodyclass = hlist

| above =

| group1 = Anatomy | list1 =

| group3 = Behaviour | list3 =

| group4 = Evolution | list4 =

| group5 = Fossil birds | list5 =

| group6 = Human
interaction | list6 =

| group7 = Lists | list7 =

| group8 = Neornithes

| list8 =

Palaeognathae
Neognathae
Galloanserae
(fowls)
Anseriformes
(waterfowls)
Anatidae
(ducks)
Anhimidae
Anseranatidae
Galliformes
(landfowls-
gamebirds)
Cracidae
Megapodidae
Numididae
Odontophoridae
Phasianidae
Neoaves
Columbea
Columbimorphae
Mirandornithes
Passerea
Otidimorphae
Strisores
Opisthocomiformes
Cursorimorphae
Phaethontimorphae
Aequornithes
Australaves
Afroaves
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