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{{cite book |author1=Ahmed, Z.S. |author2=Balasubramanian, R. |year=2010 |title=Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena |publisher=Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) |location=[[Colombo]]}}
{{cite book |author1=Ahmed, Z.S. |author2=Balasubramanian, R. |year=2010 |title=Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena |publisher=Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) |location=[[Colombo]]}}
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>
{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Ved |authorlink= |title=Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom |accessdate=16 August 2013 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut]] |isbn= |page=157}}
{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Ved |authorlink= |title=Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom |year=1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/rajivgandhiramas00meht |accessdate=16 August 2013 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut]] |isbn= |page=[https://archive.org/details/rajivgandhiramas00meht/page/157 157]}}
</ref> "chauvinis",<ref>
</ref> "chauvinis",<ref>
{{cite book |last=Bagchi |first=Amiya |authorlink= |title=Capital and Labour Redefined:India and the Third World |url= |accessdate=13 August 2013 |year=2002 |publisher=Anthem Press |location=[[London]] |isbn= |page=344}}
{{cite book |last=Bagchi |first=Amiya |authorlink= |title=Capital and Labour Redefined:India and the Third World |url= |accessdate=13 August 2013 |year=2002 |publisher=Anthem Press |location=[[London]] |isbn= |page=344}}
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>
{{cite book |last=Kaminsky |first=Arnold |authorlink= |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url= |accessdate=13 August 2013 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[Santa Barbara, California]] |isbn= |page=628}}
{{cite book |last=Kaminsky |first=Arnold |authorlink= |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url=https://archive.org/details/indiatodayvolume00kami|accessdate=13 August 2013 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=[[Santa Barbara, California]] |isbn= |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiatodayvolume00kami/page/n688 628]}}
</ref>
</ref>
serta "[[Fasisme|fasis]]".<ref name=Chandavarkar2>
serta "[[Fasisme|fasis]]".<ref name=Chandavarkar2>
{{cite book |last=Chandavarkar |first=Rajnayaran |title=History, Culture and the Indian City |date=3 September 2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University]] Press |isbn=978-0521768719 |page=29 |edition=1st}}
{{cite book |last=Chandavarkar |first=Rajnayaran |title=History, Culture and the Indian City |url=https://archive.org/details/historyculturein00chan_384 |date=3 September 2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University]] Press |isbn=978-0521768719 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyculturein00chan_384/page/n42 29] |edition=1st}}
</ref><ref name="Jeff2011">
</ref><ref name="Jeff2011">
{{cite book | author=Jeff Haynes | title=Religion, Politics and International Relations | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XpO2s24WMowC&pg=PA150 | accessdate=18 November 2012 | date=7 April 2011 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | isbn=978-1-136-73753-4 | page=150}}
{{cite book | author=Jeff Haynes | title=Religion, Politics and International Relations | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XpO2s24WMowC&pg=PA150 | accessdate=18 November 2012 | date=7 April 2011 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | isbn=978-1-136-73753-4 | page=150}}
</ref> Shiv Sena disalahkan untuk kekerasan 1970 di [[Bhiwandi]], [[kekerasan Bhiwandi 1984]] dan kekerasan dalam [[Pemberontakan Bombay|pemberontakan Bombay 1992-1993]].<ref>
</ref> Shiv Sena disalahkan untuk kekerasan 1970 di [[Bhiwandi]], [[kekerasan Bhiwandi 1984]] dan kekerasan dalam [[Pemberontakan Bombay|pemberontakan Bombay 1992-1993]].<ref>
{{cite book |title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1999 |year=1998 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=9781564321909 |page=186}}
{{cite book |title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/humanrightswatch00huma_0 |year=1998 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=9781564321909 |page=[https://archive.org/details/humanrightswatch00huma_0/page/186 186]}}
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>
{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Cynthia |title=Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights |year=1995 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=9781564321527 |page=27}}
{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Cynthia |title=Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights |url=https://archive.org/details/playingcommunalc00brow |year=1995 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=9781564321527 |page=[https://archive.org/details/playingcommunalc00brow/page/27 27]}}
</ref>
</ref>


Revisi per 11 Februari 2021 15.33

Untuk partai politik nasional Nepal, lihat pula Shivsena Nepal dan Nepal Shivsena


Shiv Sena
शिवसेना
Ketua umumUddhav Thackeray
Ketua di Lok SabhaAnandrao Adsul
Ketua di Rajya SabhaSanjay Raut
PendiriBal Thackeray
Dibentuk19 Juni 1966
Kantor pusatShivsena Bhavan,
Ram Ganesh Gadkari Chowk,
Dadar,
Mumbai,
400 028, Maharashtra, India
Sayap pelajarBharatiya Vidyarthi Sena (BVS)
Sayap pemudaYuva Sena
Sayap wanitaShiv Sena Mahila Aghadi
IdeologiHindutva
Nasionalisme Hindu
Nasionalisme Marathi
Ultranasionalisme[1][2][3][4][5]
Posisi politikKanan jauh[6]
Warna  Saffron
Status ECIPartai Negara Bagian
AliansiAliansi Demokrat Nasional
Kursi di Lok Sabha
18 / 545
Kursi di Rajya Sabha
3 / 245
Kursi di Dewan Legislatif
63 / 288
Lambang pemilu
Situs web
shivsena.org

Shiv Sena (IAST: Śiva Sēnā) (terjemahan; Tentara Shivaji), juga dikenal dengan nama Sena, adalah sebuah partai politik regional kanan jauh India. Ideologinya berdasarkan pada ideologi pro-Marathi dan nasionalisme Hindu (Hindutva), didirikan pada 19 Juni 1966 oleh kartunis politik Bal Thackeray.[7] Partai tersebut aslinya terbentuk dari sebuah gerakan di Mumbai yang menuntut perhatian terhadap orang Maharashtra yang bermigrasi ke kota tersebut. Partai tersebut sekarang dikepalai oleh putra Thackeray, Uddhav Thackeray. Para anggota Shiv Sena disebut sebagai Shivsainik.

Meskipun basis utama partai tersebut masih berada di Maharashtra, partai tersebut berusaha untuk diperluas menjadi basis pan-India. Pada 1970an, partai berpindah dari mengadvokasi ideologi pro-Marathi menjadi salah satu partai yang mendukung agenda nasionalis Hindu,[8] karena partai tersebut menyekutukan dirinya sendiri dengan Partai Bharatiya Janata. Partai tersebut mulai mengambil gagian dalam pemilihan munisipal Mumbai (BMC) sejak pembentukannya. Pada 1989, partai tersebut memasuki sebuah aliansi dengan PBJ untuk Lok Sabha serta pemilihan Majelis Maharashtra

Partai tersebut memiliki kekuasaan atas industri film Bollywood.[9] Partai tersebut disebut sebagai "partai ekstrimis",[10][11] "chauvinis",[12][13] serta "fasis".[14][15] Shiv Sena disalahkan untuk kekerasan 1970 di Bhiwandi, kekerasan Bhiwandi 1984 dan kekerasan dalam pemberontakan Bombay 1992-1993.[16][17]

Referensi

  1. ^ "South Asia | Indian cricket offices attacked". BBC News. 1999-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-02. 
  2. ^ "South Asia | Poll ban for Hindu leader". BBC News. 1999-07-28. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-02. 
  3. ^ "South Asia | Hindu activists call off cricket protest". BBC News. 1999-01-21. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-02. 
  4. ^ "Mistry defends book dropped at Mumbai University - Arts & Entertainment - CBC News". Cbc.ca. 2010-10-19. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-02. 
  5. ^ Mark Magnier (March 8, 2012). "In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes". Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-02. 
  6. ^ "Shiv Sena attack derails India-Pakistan cricket talks". BBC. 19 Oktober 2015. 
  7. ^ Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (3 Juni 2013). The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory. Routledge. hlm. 179. ISBN 1-134-06111-0. 
  8. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Rediff article: sons of the soil, lungi slogan, shakhas, south Indians in 1970, shift to Hindutva, defeat of communists/
  9. ^ Dean, Nelson. "Author Rohinton Mistry slams Mumbai University after book ban". telegraph.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 27 Agustus 2012. 
  10. ^ Ahmed, Z.S.; Balasubramanian, R. (2010). Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena. Colombo: Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS). 
  11. ^ Mehta, Ved (1994). Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. hlm. 157. Diakses tanggal 16 August 2013. 
  12. ^ Bagchi, Amiya (2002). Capital and Labour Redefined:India and the Third World. London: Anthem Press. hlm. 344. 
  13. ^ Kaminsky, Arnold (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 628. Diakses tanggal 13 August 2013. 
  14. ^ Chandavarkar, Rajnayaran (3 September 2009). History, Culture and the Indian City (edisi ke-1st). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 29. ISBN 978-0521768719. 
  15. ^ Jeff Haynes (7 April 2011). Religion, Politics and International Relations. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 150. ISBN 978-1-136-73753-4. Diakses tanggal 18 November 2012. 
  16. ^ Human Rights Watch World Report 1999. Human Rights Watch. 1998. hlm. 186. ISBN 9781564321909. 
  17. ^ Brown, Cynthia (1995). Playing the "communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. Human Rights Watch. hlm. 27. ISBN 9781564321527. 

Bacaan tambahan

  • Ethnicity and Equality: The Shiv Sena Party and Preferential Policies in Bombay, MF Katzenstein – 1979 – Cornell University Press
  • Warriors in Politics: Hindu Nationalism, Violence, and the Shiv Sena in India, S Banerjee – 2000 – Westview Press
  • The Charisma of Direct Action: Power, Politics, and the Shiv Sena, JM Eckert – 2003 – Oxford University Press
  • Shiv Sena: An Assessment, Palshikar, Suhas, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Pune, Pune (1999)
  • Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found, 'Power', chapter 3, Mumbai, Mehta, Suketu, Penguin Books(2005)

Pranala luar

Templat:Aliansi Demokrat Nasional

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