Reaktor Grafit X-10: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 11 Februari 2021 20.09

Memasukkan bahan bakar uranium menggunakan tongkat di reaktor X-10.

Reaktor Grafit X-10, terletak di Laboratorium Nasional Oak Ridge di Oak Ridge, Tenessee adalah reaktor nuklir buatan kedua yang pernah dibuat (setelah Reaktor CP-1 milik Enrico Fermi), dan reaktor pertama yang dirancang dan dibangun untuk operasi terus-menerus. Reaktor ini dibuat saat berkobarnya Perang Dunia II, sebagai bagian Proyek Manhattan.

Referensi

Arnold, Lorna (1992). Windscale 1957: Anatomy of a Nuclear Accident. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-65036-3.
Anderson, Herbert L. (1975). "Assisting Fermi". Dalam Wilson, Jane. All In Our Time: The Reminiscences of Twelve Nuclear Pioneers. Chicago: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. hlm. 66–104. OCLC 1982052.
Buch, Pierre; Vandenlinden, Jacques (1995). L'uranium, la Belgique et les puissances: marché de dupes, ou, chef d'œuvre diplomatique? (dalam bahasa Prancis). De Boeck Supérieur. hlm. 120. ISBN 978-2-8041-1993-5.
Compton, Arthur (1956). Atomic Quest. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 173307.
Creager, Angela N. H. (2013). Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-01794-5.
Fine, Lenore; Remington, Jesse A. (1972). The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 834187. Diakses tanggal August 25, 2013.
Gerber, Michele (June 1996). Plutonium Production Story at the Hanford Site: Processes and Facilities History (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Energy. OCLC 68435718. HC-MR-0521. Diakses tanggal 17 April 2017.
Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy 1945–52, Volume II: Policy Execution. London: Macmillan.
Hewlett, Richard G.; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). The New World, 1939–1946 (PDF). University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07186-5. OCLC 637004643. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2013.
Hill, C. N. (2013). An Atomic Empire : a Technical History of the Rise and Fall of the British Atomic Energy Programme. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-908977-41-0. OCLC 857066061.
Hoddeson, Lillian; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; Westfall, Catherine L. (1993). Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44132-2. OCLC 26764320.
Holl, Jack M.; Hewlett, Richard G.; Harris, Ruth R. (1997). Argonne National Laboratory, 1946–96. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-02341-5.
Jones, Vincent (1985). Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 10913875. Diakses tanggal 25 August 2013.
Manhattan District (1947). Manhattan District History, Book IV, Volume 2 – Pile Project X-10 – Clinton Laboratories (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Manhattan District.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1963). ONRL Graphite Reactor (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal February 11, 2017. Diakses tanggal December 13, 2015.
Rhodes, Richard (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-44133-3.
Salvetti, Carlo (2001). "The Birth of Nuclear Energy: Fermi's Pile". Dalam Bernardini, C.; Bonolis, Luisa. Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy. Bologna: Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer. hlm. 177–203. ISBN 978-88-7438-015-2. OCLC 56686431.
Smyth, Henry DeWolf (1945). Atomic Energy for Military Purposes; the Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940–1945. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1722-9.
Snell, Arthur H.; Weinberg, Alvin M. (1964). "History and accomplishments of the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor". Physics Today. 17 (8): 32. Bibcode:1964PhT....17h..32S. doi:10.1063/1.3051739. ISSN 0031-9228.
Weinberg, Alvin (1994). The First Nuclear Era: The Life and Times of a Technological Fixer. New York: AIP Press. ISBN 978-1-56396-358-2.

@@ Baris 7: / Baris 7: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Herbert L. |authorlink=Herbert L. Anderson |contribution=Assisting Fermi |pp=66–104 |editor-first=Jane |editor-last=Wilson |title=All In Our Time: The Reminiscences of Twelve Nuclear Pioneers |location=Chicago |year=1975 |publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |oclc=1982052 |ref=harv }}
 * {{Cite book|title = L'uranium, la Belgique et les puissances: marché de dupes, ou, chef d'œuvre diplomatique?|url = https://books.google.com/?id=j9Uo0D8nnVMC&lpg=PA67&dq=taxe%20uranium%20belgique&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q=br1&f=false|publisher = De Boeck Supérieur|date = 1995|isbn = 978-2-8041-1993-5|language = fr|first = Pierre|last = Buch|first2 = Jacques|last2 = Vandenlinden|page = 120|ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book |last=Compton |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Compton |year=1956 |title=Atomic Quest |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |oclc=173307 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |last=Compton |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Compton |year=1956 |title=Atomic Quest |url=https://archive.org/details/atomicquestperso0000comp |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |oclc=173307 |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book|last=Creager|first=Angela N. H. |title=Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdpAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|year=2013|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-01794-5 |ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book |last=Fine |first=Lenore |last2=Remington |first2=Jesse A. |title=The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History  |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-5/CMH_Pub_10-5.pdf |accessdate=August 25, 2013|location=Washington, D.C. |year=1972 |oclc=834187 |ref=harv }}