Daftar julukan kota di Pennsylvania: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 19 Maret 2021 22.44

Daftar julukan kota di Pennsylvania ini mengandung samaran, julukan, dan slogan yang disematkan kepada beberapa kota di Pennsylvania (resmi dan tidak resmi) oleh pemerintah kota, masyarakat setempat, orang asing, badan pariwisata, atau kamar dagang. Julukan kota berperan sebagai perintis identitas lokal, membantu orang asing mengenali masyarakat setempat, atau mengajak orang berkunjung karena julukannya khas; mengangkat martabat daerah; dan mempersatukan masyarakat.^[1] Julukan dan slogan yang berubah menjadi "ideologi atau mitos" baru^[2] juga diyakini memiliki potensi ekonomi.^[1] Potensi ekonominya sulit diukur,^[1] tetapi ada beberapa kota yang memakai slogan baru untuk memasarkan/mencitrakan diri dan memanfaatkan potensi ekonomi tersebut.^[2]

Beberapa julukan tidak resmi bersifat positif dan negatif. Julukan tidak resmi di bawah ini populer dan sudah lama digunakan.

Allentown
- Band City USA^[3]
- Peanut City^[4]
- The Queen City^[5]^[6]
- Silk City.^[7]
- Truck Capital of the World.^[8]
Bethlehem – Christmas City, USA^[9]
Erie
- The Flagship City^[10]
- The Gem City^[10]
Hanover – Snack Capital of the World.^[11]
Hershey
- Chocolate Capital of the World.^[12]
- Chocolate Town^[13]
- The Sweetest Place on Earth.^[11]^[14]
Indiana – Christmas Tree Capital of the World^[15]^[16]
Johnstown
- The Flood City^[17]
- The Friendly City^[17]
Lancaster – The Red Rose City^[18]
New Castle – Fireworks Capital.^[8]
Philadelphia
- The Athens of America – "References can be found as early as 1733 when the Library Company’s directors wrote, “May your Philadelphia be the future of Athens in America."^[19]
- The Big Scrapple^[13]
- The City of Brotherly Love^[13]^[20] – a literal translation of the city's name from the original Greek language
- The City That Loves You Back^[21]
- City of Homes^[20]
- Filthadelphia or Filthydelphia^[22]^[23]
- Killadelphia^[24]
- Philly^[13]
- Quaker City^[13]^[20]
- The Workshop of the World^[25]
Pittsburgh
- Birmingham of America^[20]
- The 'Burgh^[13]
- The City of Bridges ^[26]
- The City of Champions^[27]^[28]^[29]
- Iron City^[13]^[20]
- The Smoky City^[20]
- The Steel City^[20]
Punxsutawney – Weather Capital of the World.^[30]
Reading
- Baseballtown^[31]
- Pretzel Capital of the World.^[12]
- Pretzel City ^[32]
Scranton – The Electric City^[33]
State College – Happy Valley^[34]
Wilkes-Barre – Diamond City^[35]

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Daftar julukan kota di Amerika Serikat

Referensi

^ ^a ^b ^c Muench, David (December 1993). "Wisconsin Community Slogans: Their Use and Local Impacts" (PDF). University of Wisconsin Extension. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal March 9, 2013. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Alfredo Andia, Branding the Generic City:) Diarsipkan 2008-05-21 di Wayback Machine., MU.DOT magazine, September 10, 2007
^ Salter, Rosa (April 20, 2003). "Two in tune with the times ** At 175, Allentown Band, America's oldest, preserves best of tradition". The Morning Call. hlm. E.01. . "1967: Allentown named Band City-U.S.A"
^ Whelan, Frank (March 13, 2002). "Hamilton Street used to be thick with peanut shells ** And Allentown's Army Camp Crane once had a popular commander". The Morning Call. hlm. B.04. . "Allentown's title as the Peanut City goes back to the late 19th and early 20th century when large amounts of them were eaten in the Lehigh Valley. From the 1880s to the 1920s, vendors lined Hamilton Street, singing jingles in Pennsylvania Dutch about the superior quality of their peanuts. Former Call-Chronicle Sunday editor John Y. Kohl recalled in 1967 that the peanuts were eaten mostly by young men and boys who would walk Hamilton Street on Saturday nights flirting with girls and 'throwing the shells about with complete abandon.' Sunday morning sidewalks were 'not quite ankle deep' in shells. Merchants would get up early to sweep them into the gutter so churchgoers would not have to wade through them.'"
^ "Queen City Daily Blog". Diakses tanggal 2008-03-29.
^ Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "'Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. hlm. B.03. . "Queen City's origins as an Allentown nickname are obscure. It is believed to come from a turn-of-the-century competition hosted by the Allentown Chamber of Commerce. The winning entry was said to be Queen City."
^ Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. hlm. B.03. . "Silk City for example, is a throwback to the late 19th and early 20th century, when Allentown was known for its many silk mills. Although the last mill closed a few years ago, the name hangs on in the minds of older residents."
^ ^a ^b Claims to Fame - Products, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
^ "City of Bethlehem Official Website". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-13.
^ ^a ^b "About Erie". City of Erie. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 11, 2013. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Claims to Fame - Food, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
^ ^a ^b The World Capital of Whatever, The New York Times by Harold Faber, September 12, 1993.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g U.S. City Monikers, Tagline Guru website, accessed January 5, 2008
^ Tagline Guru City Branding Survey, Tagline Guru website, accessed August 18, 2009
^ Indiana County Christmas Tree Growers Association website, accessed December 21, 2008
^ History of Indiana County^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, IndianaPC.org website, accessed December 21, 2008
^ ^a ^b History & Heritage^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, Johnstown & Cambria County Convention & Visitors Bureau website, accessed November 19, 2008
^ "General Information". City of Lancaster. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 8, 2011. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2011.
^ "LCP Art". Diakses tanggal 2010-06-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Barry Popik, Smoky City, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005
^ "Our British-American Life:The City That Loves You Back". Sarah Stapley. Diakses tanggal January 26, 2014.
^ Gallma, James Matthew (2000). Receiving Erin's Children: Philadelphia, Liverpool, and the Irish Famine. University of North Carolina Press. hlm. 258.
^ Silverstein, Michael (1990). The environmental factor: its impact on the future of the world economy and your investments. Longman Financial Services Publishing.
^ Nazaryan, Alexander (March 12, 2014). "The Streets of Killadelphia". Newsweek. Diakses tanggal September 6, 2017.
^ "Philadelphia's Industrial History". Diakses tanggal 2010-06-12.
^ Scarpaci, Joseph L; Kevin Joseph Patrick (2006). "Chapter 6: Pittsburgh, City of Bridges". Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: cultural and natural resources in a postindustrial age. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. hlm. 81. ISBN 978-0-8229-4282-5. Diakses tanggal 28 February 2010.
^ O'Brien, Jim; Marty Wolfson (1980). Pittsburgh, the story of the city of champions: the '70s—a decade unmatched in the annals of sports. Wolfson Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-916114-07-7.
^ Scarpaci, Joseph L; Kevin Joseph Patrick (2006). "Chapter 6: Pittsburgh, City of Bridges". Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: cultural and natural resources in a postindustrial age. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. hlm. 81. ISBN 978-0-8229-4282-5. Diakses tanggal February 28, 2010.
^ Rossi, Rob (February 14, 2010). "Deadline-day deal? Not likely for Penguins". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 10, 2012. Diakses tanggal February 28, 2010.
^ Claims to Fame - Weather, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
^ http://baseballtown.org/
^ Kline, Dave. "Mountain Folklore: Berks Country Fest is all about music, culture, food". Reading Eagle. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2017.
^ http://www.scrantonpa.gov/ Retrieved 2008-02-14.
^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-28. Diakses tanggal 2008-03-20. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ http://www.wilkes-barre.pa.us/communityprofile.php^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} Retrieved 2008-08-07.

Pranala luar

a list Diarsipkan 2015-02-14 di Wayback Machine. of American and a few Canadian nicknames
U.S. cities list

Pennsylvania

[Wisconsin-1] Muench, David (December 1993). "Wisconsin Community Slogans: Their Use and Local Impacts" (PDF). University of Wisconsin Extension. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal March 9, 2013. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2007.

[Branding-2] Alfredo Andia, Branding the Generic City:) Diarsipkan 2008-05-21 di Wayback Machine., MU.DOT magazine, September 10, 2007

[3] Salter, Rosa (April 20, 2003). "Two in tune with the times ** At 175, Allentown Band, America's oldest, preserves best of tradition". The Morning Call. hlm. E.01. . "1967: Allentown named Band City-U.S.A"

[peanut_city-4] Whelan, Frank (March 13, 2002). "Hamilton Street used to be thick with peanut shells ** And Allentown's Army Camp Crane once had a popular commander". The Morning Call. hlm. B.04. . "Allentown's title as the Peanut City goes back to the late 19th and early 20th century when large amounts of them were eaten in the Lehigh Valley. From the 1880s to the 1920s, vendors lined Hamilton Street, singing jingles in Pennsylvania Dutch about the superior quality of their peanuts. Former Call-Chronicle Sunday editor John Y. Kohl recalled in 1967 that the peanuts were eaten mostly by young men and boys who would walk Hamilton Street on Saturday nights flirting with girls and 'throwing the shells about with complete abandon.' Sunday morning sidewalks were 'not quite ankle deep' in shells. Merchants would get up early to sweep them into the gutter so churchgoers would not have to wade through them.'"

[mcallblog-5] "Queen City Daily Blog". Diakses tanggal 2008-03-29.

[6] Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "'Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. hlm. B.03. . "Queen City's origins as an Allentown nickname are obscure. It is believed to come from a turn-of-the-century competition hosted by the Allentown Chamber of Commerce. The winning entry was said to be Queen City."

[7] Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. hlm. B.03. . "Silk City for example, is a throwback to the late 19th and early 20th century, when Allentown was known for its many silk mills. Although the last mill closed a few years ago, the name hangs on in the minds of older residents."

[EpodunkProducts-8] Claims to Fame - Products, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.

[9] "City of Bethlehem Official Website". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-13.

[erie-10] "About Erie". City of Erie. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 11, 2013. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2011.

[EpodunkFood-11] Claims to Fame - Food, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.

[NYT1993-12] The World Capital of Whatever, The New York Times by Harold Faber, September 12, 1993.

[Monikers-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g U.S. City Monikers, Tagline Guru website, accessed January 5, 2008

[taglinecitymottos-14] Tagline Guru City Branding Survey, Tagline Guru website, accessed August 18, 2009

[15] Indiana County Christmas Tree Growers Association website, accessed December 21, 2008

[16] History of Indiana County^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, IndianaPC.org website, accessed December 21, 2008

[johnstownpa-17] History & Heritage^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, Johnstown & Cambria County Convention & Visitors Bureau website, accessed November 19, 2008

[18] "General Information". City of Lancaster. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 8, 2011. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2011.

[19] "LCP Art". Diakses tanggal 2010-06-12.

[PopikSmoky-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Barry Popik, Smoky City, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005

[21] "Our British-American Life:The City That Loves You Back". Sarah Stapley. Diakses tanggal January 26, 2014.

[22] Gallma, James Matthew (2000). Receiving Erin's Children: Philadelphia, Liverpool, and the Irish Famine. University of North Carolina Press. hlm. 258.

[23] Silverstein, Michael (1990). The environmental factor: its impact on the future of the world economy and your investments. Longman Financial Services Publishing.

[24] Nazaryan, Alexander (March 12, 2014). "The Streets of Killadelphia". Newsweek. Diakses tanggal September 6, 2017.

[25] "Philadelphia's Industrial History". Diakses tanggal 2010-06-12.

[Scarpaci_2006-26] Scarpaci, Joseph L; Kevin Joseph Patrick (2006). "Chapter 6: Pittsburgh, City of Bridges". Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: cultural and natural resources in a postindustrial age. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. hlm. 81. ISBN 978-0-8229-4282-5. Diakses tanggal 28 February 2010.

[27] O'Brien, Jim; Marty Wolfson (1980). Pittsburgh, the story of the city of champions: the '70s—a decade unmatched in the annals of sports. Wolfson Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-916114-07-7.

[28] Scarpaci, Joseph L; Kevin Joseph Patrick (2006). "Chapter 6: Pittsburgh, City of Bridges". Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: cultural and natural resources in a postindustrial age. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. hlm. 81. ISBN 978-0-8229-4282-5. Diakses tanggal February 28, 2010.

[29] Rossi, Rob (February 14, 2010). "Deadline-day deal? Not likely for Penguins". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 10, 2012. Diakses tanggal February 28, 2010.

[EpodunkWeather-30] Claims to Fame - Weather, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.

[31] ttp://baseballtown.org/

[32] Kline, Dave. "Mountain Folklore: Berks Country Fest is all about music, culture, food". Reading Eagle. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2017.

[33] ttp://www.scrantonpa.gov/ Retrieved 2008-02-14.

[34] "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-09-28. Diakses tanggal 2008-03-20. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[35] ttp://www.wilkes-barre.pa.us/communityprofile.php^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} Retrieved 2008-08-07.

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@@ Baris 10: / Baris 10: @@
 ** Silk City.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whelan | first=Frank | title=Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's. | newspaper=[[The Morning Call]] | pages=B.03 | date=May 7, 1991 |postscript=<!--None-->}}. "Silk City for example, is a throwback to the late 19th and early 20th century, when Allentown was known for its many silk mills. Although the last mill closed a few years ago, the name hangs on in the minds of older residents."</ref>
 ** Truck Capital of the World.<ref name=EpodunkProducts>[http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/products.html Claims to Fame - Products], [[Epodunk]], accessed April 16, 2007.</ref>
-* [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] – Christmas City, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bethlehem-pa.gov/about/history/index.htm|title=City of Bethlehem Official Website|accessdate=2009-06-13}}</ref>
+* [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] – Christmas City, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bethlehem-pa.gov/about/history/index.htm|title=City of Bethlehem Official Website|accessdate=2009-06-13|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014175945/http://bethlehem-pa.gov/about/history/index.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 * [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]]
 ** The Flagship City<ref name="erie">{{Cite web|url=http://www.erie.pa.us/AboutErie/Facts/tabid/80/Default.aspx |title=About Erie |publisher=City of Erie |accessdate=January 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111025729/http://www.erie.pa.us/AboutErie/Facts/tabid/80/Default.aspx |archivedate=January 11, 2013 |df= }}</ref>
@@ Baris 19: / Baris 19: @@
 ** Chocolate Town<ref name=Monikers>[http://www.taglineguru.com/monikerlist.html U.S. City Monikers], Tagline Guru website, accessed January 5, 2008</ref>
 ** The Sweetest Place on Earth.<ref name=EpodunkFood/><ref name=taglinecitymottos>[http://www.taglineguru.com/citymottosmonikers.html Tagline Guru City Branding Survey], Tagline Guru website, accessed August 18, 2009</ref>
-* [[Indiana, Pennsylvania|Indiana]] – Christmas Tree Capital of the World<ref>[http://christmastreecapital.com/ Indiana County Christmas Tree Growers Association] website, accessed December 21, 2008</ref><ref>[http://indianapc.org/pages.php?page=6 History of Indiana County], IndianaPC.org website, accessed December 21, 2008</ref>
+* [[Indiana, Pennsylvania|Indiana]] – Christmas Tree Capital of the World<ref>[http://christmastreecapital.com/ Indiana County Christmas Tree Growers Association] website, accessed December 21, 2008</ref><ref>[http://indianapc.org/pages.php?page=6 History of Indiana County]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, IndianaPC.org website, accessed December 21, 2008</ref>
 * [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania|Johnstown]]
-** The Flood City<ref name=johnstownpa>[http://www.visitjohnstownpa.com/about-us/history-heritage History & Heritage], Johnstown & Cambria County Convention & Visitors Bureau website, accessed November 19, 2008</ref>
+** The Flood City<ref name=johnstownpa>[http://www.visitjohnstownpa.com/about-us/history-heritage History & Heritage]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Johnstown & Cambria County Convention & Visitors Bureau website, accessed November 19, 2008</ref>
 ** The Friendly City<ref name=johnstownpa/>
 * [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] – The Red Rose City<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Information |url=http://www.cityoflancasterpa.com/lancastercity/cwp/browse.asp?a=3&bc=0&c=42722 |publisher=City of Lancaster |accessdate=January 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708160949/http://www.cityoflancasterpa.com/lancastercity/cwp/browse.asp?a=3&bc=0&c=42722 |archivedate=July 8, 2011 |df= }}</ref>
@@ Baris 51: / Baris 51: @@
 * [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] – The Electric City<ref>http://www.scrantonpa.gov/ Retrieved 2008-02-14.</ref>
 * [[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]] – Happy Valley<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statecollegepa.us/index.asp?NID%3D31 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-03-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081034/http://www.statecollegepa.us/index.asp?nid=31 |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }} Retrieved 2008-08-07.</ref>
-* [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]] – Diamond City<ref>http://www.wilkes-barre.pa.us/communityprofile.php Retrieved 2008-08-07.</ref>
+* [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]] – Diamond City<ref>http://www.wilkes-barre.pa.us/communityprofile.php{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 2008-08-07.</ref>
 </onlyinclude>
 == Lihat pula ==