Emigrasi dan pembelotan Blok Timur

Conrad Schumann meloncati kawat berduri di Berlin Barat pada 15 Agustus 1961, tiga hari setelah pembangunan Tembok Berlin dimulai

Emigrasi dan pembangkangan Blok Timur adalah sebuah titik kontroversi pada Perang Dingin. Setelah Perang Dunia II, pembatasan emigrasi diberlakukan oleh negara-negara di Blok Timur, yang terdiri dari Uni Soviet dan negara-negara satelitnya di Eropa Tengah dan Timur. Emigrasi legal dalam kebanyakan kasus hanya dimungkinkan dalam perintah untuk menyatukan kembali keluarga atau membolehkan anggota kelompok etnis minoritas untuk kembali ke kampung halaman mereka.

Pemerintah-pemerintah Blok Timur berpendapat bahwa pembatasan ketat emigrasi dibutuhkan untuk menghindari pengeringan otak. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan Eropa Barat berpendapat bahwa mereka mewakili pelanggaran HAM. Disamping pembatasan, pembangkangan ke Barat terjadi.

Setelah Jerman Timur menghimpun perbatasan zona pendudukannya dengan Jerman Barat, perbatasan sektor kota antara Berlin Timur dan Berlin Barat menjadi sebuah sorotan utama dimana pembangkangan terjadi. Ini ditutup dengan pendirian Tembok Berlin pada 1961. Sehingga, emigrasi dari Blok Timur efektif dibatasi untuk para pembangkang ilegal, emigrasi etnis di bawah perjanjian bilateral, dan sejumlah kecil kasus lain.

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Pranala luar

• Retracing the Berlin Wall
• Berlin Wall: Past and Present Diarsipkan 2011-04-15 di Wayback Machine.
• The Lost Border: Photographs of the Iron Curtain
• One lucky escape from Communist Romania to the United States Diarsipkan 2008-11-03 di Wayback Machine.
• Comprehensive Gallery (1961 to 1990) from the website Chronicle of the Wall
• Virtual e-Tours "The Wall" Diarsipkan 2015-09-23 di Wayback Machine. Shockwave Player required
• The Lost Border: Photographs of the Iron Curtain
• (Italia) Borders: spotting the past along Berlin death strip. Diarsipkan 2009-06-14 di Wayback Machine. 2007 BW photo gallery.
• Information about the Iron Curtain with a detailed map and how to make it by bike
• 1996 Interview with Viktor Belenko, who escaped in a Mig-25 Foxbat