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Raiders of the Lost Ark: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Untuk wanita yang disukai Indiana, Steven menginginkan seseorang yang mirip dengan wanita terkemuka awal abad ke-20 seperti [[Irene Dunne]], [[Barbara Stanwyck]], dan [[Ann Sheridan]], yang menyamai rekan pria mereka.<ref name="VanityFairSpielberg"/> George menginginkan [[Debra Winger]], tetapi dia tidak tertarik, dan Spielberg menginginkan pacarnya Amy Irving, tetapi dia tidak tersedia.<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/><ref name="Cinephilia"/><ref name="EW15Facts"/> They also considered [[Barbara Hershey]] and [[Sean Young]].<ref name="MovieFone"/><ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/> Karen Allen impressed Spielberg with her professionalism during auditions.<ref name="Cinephilia"/> One of the first things Spielberg asked Allen was "how well do you spit?"<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/> Allen developed a backstory for Marion that included her mother's death and her relationship with Jones when she was 15–16, but Spielberg said it belonged in a different movie.<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage3"/> Kasdan named Marion after his grandmother-in-law,<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage3"/> and took Ravenwood from a Los Angeles street.<ref name="MentalFloss20"/>
Untuk wanita yang disukai Indiana, Steven menginginkan seseorang yang mirip dengan wanita terkemuka awal abad ke-20 seperti [[Irene Dunne]], [[Barbara Stanwyck]], dan [[Ann Sheridan]], yang menyamai rekan pria mereka.<ref name="VanityFairSpielberg"/> George menginginkan [[Debra Winger]], tetapi dia tidak tertarik, dan Spielberg menginginkan pacarnya Amy Irving, tetapi dia tidak tersedia.<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/><ref name="Cinephilia"/><ref name="EW15Facts"/> They also considered [[Barbara Hershey]] and [[Sean Young]].<ref name="MovieFone"/><ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/> Karen Allen impressed Spielberg with her professionalism during auditions.<ref name="Cinephilia"/> One of the first things Spielberg asked Allen was "how well do you spit?"<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/> Allen developed a backstory for Marion that included her mother's death and her relationship with Jones when she was 15–16, but Spielberg said it belonged in a different movie.<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage3"/> Kasdan named Marion after his grandmother-in-law,<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage3"/> and took Ravenwood from a Los Angeles street.<ref name="MentalFloss20"/>


Belloq was intended to be a sophisticated villain to counter the "beer-drinking" hero.<ref name="Cinephilia"/> Spielberg cast Freeman after seeing him in the [[docudrama]] ''[[Death of a Princess]]'' (1980); Freeman's piercing eyes had captivated him.<ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> French Singer [[Jacques Dutronc]] and [[Giancarlo Giannini]] were also considered.<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/><ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> [[Danny DeVito]] was approached to portray Sallah, described as a skinny, {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall Egyptian like Gunga Din in ''[[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]'' (1939).<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/><ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> DeVito could not participate because of scheduling conflicts with his sitcom ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'' and because his agent wanted too much money.<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/><ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> Rhys-Davies was cast based on his performance in the 1980 miniseries ''[[Shōgun (1980 miniseries)|Shōgun]]''. Spielberg asked him to play the character as a mix of his ''Shōgun'' role and the character [[John Falstaff]].<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/><ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/> Ronald Lacey was cast as Toht because he reminded Spielberg of the late-actor [[Peter Lorre]].<ref name="MovieFone"/> [[Klaus Kinski]] was offered the role but chose to appear in the horror film ''[[Venom (1981 film)|Venom]]'' (1981) because it offered more money.<ref name="MovieFone"/>
René dimaksudkan untuk menjadi penjahat tangguh untuk melawan pahlawan "peminum bir".<ref name="Cinephilia"/> Spielberg cast Freeman after seeing him in the [[docudrama]] ''[[Death of a Princess]]'' (1980); Freeman's piercing eyes had captivated him.<ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> French Singer [[Jacques Dutronc]] and [[Giancarlo Giannini]] were also considered.<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/><ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> [[Danny DeVito]] was approached to portray Sallah, described as a skinny, {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall Egyptian like Gunga Din in ''[[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]'' (1939).<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/><ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> DeVito could not participate because of scheduling conflicts with his sitcom ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'' and because his agent wanted too much money.<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/><ref name="EmpireAlmostCast"/> Rhys-Davies was cast based on his performance in the 1980 miniseries ''[[Shōgun (1980 miniseries)|Shōgun]]''. Spielberg asked him to play the character as a mix of his ''Shōgun'' role and the character [[John Falstaff]].<ref name="GRAdarOverview"/><ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2"/> Ronald Lacey was cast as Toht because he reminded Spielberg of the late-actor [[Peter Lorre]].<ref name="MovieFone"/> [[Klaus Kinski]] was offered the role but chose to appear in the horror film ''[[Venom (1981 film)|Venom]]'' (1981) because it offered more money.<ref name="MovieFone"/>


== Lihat pula ==
== Rujukan ==
=== Catatan ===
* [[Tabut Perjanjian]] dari [[Kemah Suci]]
{{Notelist}}


== Pranala luar ==
=== Kutipan ===
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{en}} [http://www.indianajones.com/ IndianaJones.com], situs resmi Indiana Jones oleh [[Lucasfilm]]
* {{imdb judul|id=0082971|judul=Raiders of the Lost Ark}}


<ref name="4thSequelDeadline"">{{cite web |first=Justin |last=Kroll |title='Indiana Jones 5': Mads Mikkelsen Joins Harrison Ford And Phoebe Waller-Bridge In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/indiana-jones-5-mads-mikkelsen-joins-harrison-ford-and-phoebe-waller-bridge-in-sequel-1234732751/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 15, 2021 |access-date=April 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418084722/https://deadline.com/2021/04/indiana-jones-5-mads-mikkelsen-joins-harrison-ford-and-phoebe-waller-bridge-in-sequel-1234732751/ |archive-date=April 18, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Referensi ==

{{reflist}}
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<ref name="ActionTimeoOut">{{cite web |first=Joshua |last=Rothkopf |title=The 101 best action movies ever made |url=https://www.timeout.com/film/the-101-best-action-movies-ever-made |website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |date=August 14, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828134924/https://www.timeout.com/film/the-101-best-action-movies-ever-made |archive-date=August 28, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="AFI1997andAnniversary">{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – 10th Anniversary Edition |url=https://prdaficalmjediwestussa.blob.core.windows.net/images/2019/08/100MoviesANNIVERSARY.pdf |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817144407/https://prdaficalmjediwestussa.blob.core.windows.net/images/2019/08/100MoviesANNIVERSARY.pdf |archive-date=August 17, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AFIHeroes">{{cite web |title=Afi's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains|url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-heroes-villians/ |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208093159/https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-heroes-villians/ |archive-date=February 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AFIThrills">{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-thrills/ |publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208075739/https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-thrills/ |archive-date=February 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Amsel">{{cite web|first=Cavan |last=Scott |title=The Top 25 Movie Posters Of All Time |url=https://www.creativebloq.com/movies/iconic-movie-posters-712378 |publisher=Creative Bloq |date=March 6, 2017 |access-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919023313/https://www.creativebloq.com/movies/iconic-movie-posters-712378 |archive-date=September 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ASCMag">{{cite web|first=Steven|last=Spielberg |author-link=Steven Spielberg |title=Of Narrow Misses and Close Calls: Raiders of the Lost Ark — Directing |url=https://ascmag.com/articles/flashback-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-directing |website=[[American Cinematographer]] |date=July 26, 2017 |access-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725234425/https://ascmag.com/articles/flashback-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-directing |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClub1981">{{cite web|first=Tom |last=Breihan |title= Did 1981 belong to Mad Max, Indiana Jones, or Snake Plissken?|url=https://film.avclub.com/did-1981-belong-to-mad-max-indiana-jones-or-snake-pli-1798250059 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=July 29, 2016 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429052739/https://film.avclub.com/did-1981-belong-to-mad-max-indiana-jones-or-snake-pli-1798250059 |archive-date=April 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubBigBang">{{cite web|first=Oliver |last=Sava |title=The Big Bang Theory: "The Raiders Minimization" |url=https://tv.avclub.com/the-big-bang-theory-the-raiders-minimization-1798178275 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=October 10, 2013 |access-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805115650/https://tv.avclub.com/the-big-bang-theory-the-raiders-minimization-1798178275 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubSoderbergh">{{cite web|first=Rob |last=Dean |title=Steven Soderbergh made a black-and-white version of Raiders Of The Lost Ark |url=https://news.avclub.com/steven-soderbergh-made-a-black-and-white-version-of-rai-1798272357 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=September 23, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120203955/https://news.avclub.com/steven-soderbergh-made-a-black-and-white-version-of-rai-1798272357 |archive-date=November 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubDVD2003">{{cite web|first=Keith |last=Phipps |title= Raiders Of The Lost Ark|url=https://film.avclub.com/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1798199027 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=October 28, 2003 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191105042228/https://film.avclub.com/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1798199027 |archive-date=November 5, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubRetro">{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Breihan |title=Indiana Jones made his Nazi-punching debut in the ultimate Disneyland ride of a movie |url=https://film.avclub.com/indiana-jones-made-his-nazi-punching-debut-in-the-ultim-1841917523 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=June 3, 2020 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726223014/https://film.avclub.com/indiana-jones-made-his-nazi-punching-debut-in-the-ultim-1841917523 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BAFTA82">{{cite web |title=Film in 1982 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1982/film |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130502232543/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1982/film |archive-date=May 2, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BBCDietrrich">{{cite web|title=Indiana Jones Actor Honours Pow Grandfather In Skipton|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3229887.stm |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |date=July 12, 2019 |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713154206/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-48951491 |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BBCDVD2003">{{cite web|title=Indiana Jones 'raids DVD record' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3229887.stm |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |date=October 31, 2003 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819130535/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3229887.stm |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BBCPublicVoteC4">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4553694.stm |title=ET Crowned 'Greatest Family Film' |date=December 23, 2005 |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=July 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4553694.stm |archive-date=December 22, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BBFC">{{cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/raiders-lost-ark-1 |title=''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' (A) |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=June 2, 1981 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309165508/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/raiders-lost-ark-1 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BestActionTimeOut2014">{{cite web |title=The 100 best action movies: 10–1 |url=http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/the-100-best-action-movies-10-1?pageNumber=9 |website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106152639/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/the-100-best-action-movies-10-1?pageNumber=9 |archive-date=November 6, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="BestadventureEsquire">{{cite web|first=Emma |last=Carey |title=The Best Adventure Movies of All Time To Set Off Into the Great Unknown |url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/g32779509/best-adventure-movies/ |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=June 6, 2020 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610141412/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/g32779509/best-adventure-movies/ |archive-date=June 10, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="BestAdventureRT">{{cite web |title=Best Adventure Movies Of All Time |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/50-best-adventure-movies-of-all-time/5/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830082440/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/50-best-adventure-movies-of-all-time/5/ |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BestofalltimeMSN">{{cite web |first=Mathieu |last=Charlebois |title=The 100 Greatest Films of All Time |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/movies/the-100-greatest-films-of-all-time/ss-BBYn8oI#image=74 |publisher=[[MSN]] |date=December 26, 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823141219/https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/movies/the-100-greatest-films-of-all-time/ss-BBYn8oI#image=74 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BFICast">{{cite web |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark (1981) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b75ef0b3a|date=July 2, 2015 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128130020/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b75ef0b3a |archive-date=January 28, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BFIBladeRunner">{{cite web |first=Stephen |last=Dalton |title=Blade Runner: anatomy of a classic |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/blade-runner |date=April 25, 2019 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000004/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/blade-runner |archive-date=March 25, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BoardGame">{{cite web|first=Ed |last=Grabianowski |title=The most controversial pen-and-paper RPGs ever made |url=https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-most-controversial-pen-and-paper-rpgs-ever-made-1482148897 |website=[[io9]] |date=December 16, 2013 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608130959/https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-most-controversial-pen-and-paper-rpgs-ever-made-1482148897 |archive-date=June 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BoardGame2">{{cite web|first=Jonathan H. |last=Kantor |title=9 Role Playing Games Better Than D&D (And 6 That Are Worse) |url=https://www.cbr.com/rpgs-better-worse-dungeons-dragons/ |publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=September 16, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430211822/https://www.cbr.com/rpgs-better-worse-dungeons-dragons/ |archive-date=April 30, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BOMTickets">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=raidersofthelostark.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804220003/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=raidersofthelostark.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="CBRComicBooks">{{cite web|first=Brian |last=Cronin |title=Comic Legends: Did Lucasfilm Originally Pass on Marvel's Indiana Jones? |url=https://www.cbr.com/marvel-comics-indiana-jones-lucasfilm-pass/ |publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=June 11, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819141213/https://www.cbr.com/marvel-comics-indiana-jones-lucasfilm-pass/ |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ChicagoReaderReview">{{cite web|first=Dave |last=Kehr |author-link=Dave Kehr |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/raiders-of-the-lost-ark/Film?oid=4817691 |website=[[Chicago Reader]] |access-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108011258/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/raiders-of-the-lost-ark/Film?oid=4817691 |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Cinephilia">{{cite web|first=Sven |last=Mikulec |title='Raiders of the Lost Ark': Lucas and Spielberg's Epitome of Action-Adventure Films Still Waiting to Be Surpassed |url=https://cinephiliabeyond.org/raiders-lost-ark-lucas-spielbergs-epitome-action-adventure-films-still-waiting-surpassed/ |publisher=Cinephelia & Beyond |access-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703223600/https://cinephiliabeyond.org/raiders-lost-ark-lucas-spielbergs-epitome-action-adventure-films-still-waiting-surpassed/|archive-date=July 3, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ColliderBluRay2012">{{cite web|first=Andre |last=Dellamorte |title=Indiana Jones: The Complete Adventures Blu-ray Review |url=https://collider.com/indiana-jones-blu-ray-review/ |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=October 5, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109143223/https://collider.com/indiana-jones-blu-ray-review/ |archive-date= January 9, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CondeNastLocations">{{cite web|first=Will |last=Levith |title=10 Exotic 'Indiana Jones' Filming Locations You Can Visit Today |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2015-03-04/10-exotic-indiana-jones-filming-locations-you-can-visit-today |website=[[Condé Nast Traveler]] |date=March 4, 2015 |access-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711100507/https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2015-03-04/10-exotic-indiana-jones-filming-locations-you-can-visit-today |archive-date=July 11, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CovidIndependent">{{cite news |first=Patrick H. J. |last=Smith |title=The 35 best films to watch while you're self-isolating |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/films-best-watch-coronavirus-isolation-quarantine-movies-classic-greatest-essential-list-a9394006.html |website=[[The Independent]] |date=August 22, 2020 |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819173956/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/films-best-watch-coronavirus-isolation-quarantine-movies-classic-greatest-essential-list-a9394006.html |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalUserUSAToday">{{cite web |first=Charles |last=Stockdale |title=Let the debate begin: 50 best movies of all time |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/12/22/let-debate-begin-50-best-movies-all-time/869073001/ |website=[[USA Today]] |date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025914/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/12/22/let-debate-begin-50-best-movies-all-time/869073001/ |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="DigitalSpyHarris">{{cite web|first=Sophie |last=Dainty |title=What Happened To The Original Cast Of Casualty? From Charlie's Wife Baz To Susie The Receptionist |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/casualty/a857474/casualty-original-cast-where-now/ |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |date=March 9, 2019 | access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823093524/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/casualty/a857474/casualty-original-cast-where-now/ |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DOGLegacy">{{cite web |first=Kayti |last=Burt |title=How Raiders of the Lost Ark Continues to Influence Pop Culture |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/how-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-continues-to-influence-pop-culture/ |publisher=[[Den of Geek]] |date=June 13, 2019 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721124900/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/how-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-continues-to-influence-pop-culture/ |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="DOGToht">{{cite web|first=Robert |last=Keeling |title=25 Traumatic Moments In Family Films |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/25-traumatic-moments-in-family-films/ |publisher=[[Den of Geek]] |date=July 17, 2016 | access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117131308/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/25-traumatic-moments-in-family-films/ |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DOGLastCrusade">{{cite web|first=Simon |last=Brew |title=Revisiting Indiana Jones And The Last Crusade| url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/revisiting-indiana-jones-and-the-last-crusade/ |publisher=[[Den of Geek]] |date=January 30, 2014 | access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128165725/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/revisiting-indiana-jones-and-the-last-crusade/ |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ebertGreatest">{{cite web|first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date=April 30, 2000 |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1981 |access-date=June 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423114341/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1981 |archive-date=April 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="EbertTitle">{{cite web|first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=Movie Answer Man (09/24/2000) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/answer-man/movie-answer-man-09242000 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date= September 24, 2000 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607202257/https://www.rogerebert.com/answer-man/movie-answer-man-09242000 |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Empire500">{{cite web | title=The 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time | date=October 3, 2008 | website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] | url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/500-greatest-movies/ |access-date=May 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106021352/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/500-greatest-movies/ |archive-date=November 6, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireWilliams">{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-john-williams/ |title=Indiana Jones And Me: John Williams |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=October 11, 2012 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150131/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-john-williams/ |archive-date=June 13, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage1">{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/ |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725040113/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/ |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireAlmostCast">{{cite web|title=The People Who Were Almost Cast |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |url=https://www.empireonline.com/indy/day1/2.asp |access-date=May 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828111945/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day1/2.asp |archive-date=August 28, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireNovels">{{cite web|first=Owen |last=Williams |title=The Indiana Jones Novels |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-novels/ |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=October 10, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711071015/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-novels/ |archive-date=July 11, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireOnlineNovelsGames">{{cite web| last=Andersen |first=Andy |title=The Indiana Jones Novels|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-novels/ |website= [[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=October 10, 2012 |access-date= April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033347/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-novels/|archive-date=November 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage2">{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/2.asp |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History (Page 2) |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006201735/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/2.asp |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage3">{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/3.asp |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History (Page 3) |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]|date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119035449/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/3.asp |archive-date=November 19, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireMacGuffins">{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/indy/day2/ |title=Know Your MacGuffins |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=April 23, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725034920/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day2/ |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

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<ref name="EmpireOralHistoryPage5">{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/5.asp |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History (Page 5) |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322063556/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day3/5.asp |archive-date=March 22, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpirePublicVote2018">{{cite web |title=The 100 Greatest Movies|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies-2/ |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=March 20, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729092135/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies-2/ |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EsquireHypothesis">{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Pomroy |url=https://www.esquireme.com/brief/indiana-jones-hypothesis |title=The Indiana Jones Hypothesis |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091512/https://www.esquireme.com/brief/indiana-jones-hypothesis |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="EuroGamerGamesNovels">{{cite web| last=Reed|first=Kristan |title=Indiana Jones And The Staff Of Kings |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/indiana-jones-and-the-staff-of-kings-review |website= [[Eurogamer]] |date=June 15, 2009 |access-date= April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916234009/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/indiana-jones-and-the-staff-of-kings-review |archive-date=September 16, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWMarion">{{cite web|first=Jeff |last=Labrecque |title='Raiders Of The Lost Ark': Karen Allen On Playing Indy's One True Love|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/05/22/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-turns-10/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 18, 2012 |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110211936/https://ew.com/article/2012/09/18/indiana-jones-blu-ray-karen-allen/ |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWSequelCrystal">{{cite web|first1=Darren |last1=Franich |first2=Chris |last2=Nashawaty |title=Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull: A critical conversation |url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/05/22/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-turns-10/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=May 22, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709074418/https://ew.com/movies/2018/05/22/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-turns-10/ |archive-date=July 9, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EW15Facts">{{cite web|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20183746,00.html |title=Indiana Jones: 15 Fun Facts |author=Gregory Kirschling, Jeff Labrecque |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 12, 2008 |access-date=March 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315001327/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20183746,00.html |archive-date=March 15, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="EWCultural">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Nashawaty |title=The golden Indiana Jones franchise |url=https://ew.com/article/2008/03/07/golden-indiana-jones-franchise/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 7, 2008 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130142651/https://ew.com/article/2008/03/07/golden-indiana-jones-franchise/ |archive-date= January 30, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWOpening">{{cite web|first=James |last=Hibberd |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark: 14 revelations about its epic opening scene |url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/03/30/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-facts/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 30, 2018 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427141556/https://ew.com/movies/2018/03/30/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-facts/ |archive-date=April 27, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWYoungIndiana">{{cite web|first=Ken |last=Tucker |title=The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles |url=https://ew.com/article/1992/02/28/young-indiana-jones-chronicles/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=February 28, 1992 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819143257/https://ew.com/article/1992/02/28/young-indiana-jones-chronicles/ |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="FlyingWing">{{cite web|url=https://www.flyingmag.com/technicalities-story-behind-german-airplane-in-raiders-lost-ark#page-2 |title=Technicalities: The Story Behind the German Airplane in Raiders of the Lost Ark |first=Peter |last=Garrison |website=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |date=April 26, 2016 |access-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923014245/http://www.flyingmag.com/technicalities-story-behind-german-airplane-in-raiders-lost-ark#page-2 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="FlyingWing2">{{cite web|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/raiders-lost-arks-fake-flying-wing-180953339/ |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark's Fake Flying Wing |website=[[Air & Space/Smithsonian]] |date=November 17, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318162839/https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/raiders-lost-arks-fake-flying-wing-180953339/|archive-date=March 18, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="FSRHomage">{{cite web |first=H. Perry |last=Horton |title=Unearthing History: The Visual Echoes of 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' |url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/unearthing-history-visual-echoes-raiders-lost-ark/ |publisher=[[Film School Rejects]] |date=August 18, 2017 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721124907/https://filmschoolrejects.com/unearthing-history-visual-echoes-raiders-lost-ark/ |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GeneSiskelReview">{{cite web|first=Gene |last=Siskel |author-link=Gene Siskel |title=The Movie Reviews |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-10-15-9910200025-story.html |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=October 15, 1999 |access-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605092120/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-10-15-9910200025-story.html |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="GG82">{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/1981 |title=The 39th Annual Golden Globe Awards (1982) |publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] |access-date=August 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124174212/http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/1981 |archive-date=November 24, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="GizmodoLego">{{cite web |first=Jesus |last=Diaz |title=LEGO Indiana Jones Set Collection Whips Us Into a Frenzy |url=https://gizmodo.com/lego-indiana-jones-set-collection-whips-us-into-a-frenz-340463 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |date=April 1, 2008 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823144238/https://gizmodo.com/lego-indiana-jones-set-collection-whips-us-into-a-frenz-340463 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GRAdarOverview">{{cite web |title=The Story Behind Raiders Of The Lost Ark |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/uk/the-story-behind-raiders-of-the-lost-ark/ |website=[[GamesRadar+]] |date=August 24, 2006 |access-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722011304/https://www.gamesradar.com/uk/the-story-behind-raiders-of-the-lost-ark/ |archive-date=July 22, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Grammys81">{{cite web |title=24th Annual Grammy Awards (1981) |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/24th-annual-grammy-awards-1981 |publisher=[[The Recording Academy]] |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805142603/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/24th-annual-grammy-awards-1981 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GuardianLego">{{cite web|first=Neil |last=Daver |title=Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues |url= https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2009/nov/13/lego-indiana-jones-2 |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001002247/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2009/nov/13/lego-indiana-jones-2 |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HugoAaward">{{cite web |title=1982 Hugo Awards |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1982-hugo-awards/ |publisher=[[Worldcon]] |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415231259/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1982-hugo-awards/ |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGN4KBluRay">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Reed |title=Indiana Jones Box Set 4K UHD Blu-Ray Preorders Down to $79.99 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/indiana-jones-box-set-4k-uhd-blu-ray-is-up-for-preorder |website=[[IGN]] |date=March 16, 2021 |access-date=April 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319012737/https://www.ign.com/articles/indiana-jones-box-set-4k-uhd-blu-ray-is-up-for-preorder |archive-date=March 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGNBluRay2012">{{cite web|first=RL |last=Shaffer |title=Indiana Jones: The Complete Adventures Blu-ray Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/14/indiana-jones-the-complete-adventures-blu-ray-review-2 |website=[[IGN]] |date=September 14, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424004628/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/14/indiana-jones-the-complete-adventures-blu-ray-review-2 |archive-date=April 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGNGreatestAdventures">{{cite web |url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/104/1047046p1.html |title=Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures Review |last=Buchanan |first=Levi |date=November 24, 2009 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121114747/http://wii.ign.com/articles/104/1047046p1.html |archive-date=January 21, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNInfernal">{{cite web |url=http://pc.ign.com/articles/131/131694p1.html |title=Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine – PC Preview |date=November 2, 1999 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303125052/http://pc.ign.com/articles/131/131694p1.html |archive-date=March 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNGunn">{{cite web|first=Matt |last=Fowler |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/james-gunn-recommends-54-action-movies-to-cure-the-quarantine-blues |title=James Gunn Recommends 54 Action Movies to Cure the Quarantine Blues|website=[[IGN]] |date=April 18, 2020 |access-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200617225642/https://www.ign.com/articles/james-gunn-recommends-54-action-movies-to-cure-the-quarantine-blues |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGNCandles">{{cite web |first=Wesley |last=Copeland |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark's Major Toht Gets His Own Candle |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/11/20/raiders-of-the-lost-arks-major-toht-gets-his-own-candle |website=[[IGN]] |date=November 20, 2014 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814224344/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/11/20/raiders-of-the-lost-arks-major-toht-gets-his-own-candle |archive-date=August 14, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNBest80s">{{cite web|first=William |last=Bibbiani |title=The 10 Best '80s Action Movies |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/07/26/the-10-best-80s-action-movies |website=[[IGN]] |date=July 27, 2018 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url= http://archive.is/wip/jC50w |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGNKurtz">{{cite web|first=Ken |last=P. |title=An Interview with Gary Kurtz |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/11/11/an-interview-with-gary-kurtz |website=[[IGN]] |date=November 11, 2002 |access-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112002903/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/11/11/an-interview-with-gary-kurtz |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IMAXIGN">{{cite web |first=Max |last=Nicholson |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark Extends Its IMAX Theatrical Run |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/14/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-extends-its-imax-theatrical-run |website=[[IGN]] |date=September 14, 2012 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019104719/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/14/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-extends-its-imax-theatrical-run |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNNovelsGames">{{cite web| last=Chitwood |first=Scott |title=The Lost Adventures Of Indiana Jones |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/02/23/the-lost-adventures-of-indiana-jones |website= [[IGN]] |date=February 23, 2000 |access-date= April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418211317/https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/02/23/the-lost-adventures-of-indiana-jones |archive-date=April 18, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IndieWireName">{{cite web |first=Vikram |last=Murthi |title=Criticwire Classic Of The Week: Steven Spielberg's 'Raiders Of The Lost Ark' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/criticwire-classic-of-the-week-steven-spielbergs-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-129230/ |publisher=[[IndieWire]] |date=October 21, 2015 |access-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206022623/https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/criticwire-classic-of-the-week-steven-spielbergs-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-129230/ |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="InverseInfluences">{{cite web|first=Sean |last=Hutchinson |title=How 'Raiders Of The Lost Ark' Helped Make The Marvel Cinematic Universe Possible |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/16916-how-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-helped-make-the-marvel-cinematic-universe-possible |website=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]] |date=June 13, 2016 |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725053622/https://www.inverse.com/article/16916-how-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-helped-make-the-marvel-cinematic-universe-possible |archive-date= July 25, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="LastingIGN">{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Vejvoda |title=The Top 25 Action Movies |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/the-top-25-action-movies |website=[[IGN]] |date=November 21, 2016 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809035114/https://www.ign.com/articles/the-top-25-action-movies |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IMAX">{{cite web|url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-to-receive-imax-re-release/ |title=That's a Big Boulder, Indy: Steven Spielberg on the Imax Rerelease of 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Itzkoff |date=August 14, 2012 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816082654/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-to-receive-imax-re-release/ |archive-date=August 16, 2012 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="IMAXDeadline">{{cite web |title='Raiders Of The Lost Ark' Run Extended |url=https://deadline.com/2012/09/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-run-extended-336429/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=September 14, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621083314/http://deadline.com/2012/09/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-run-extended-336429/ |archive-date=June 21, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="IndependentRichards">{{cite news |last=Hayward |first=Anthony|title=Terry Richards: Stuntman who battled four James Bonds, Luke Skywalker and Rambo and was famously shot dead by Indiana Jones |website=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/terry-richards-stuntman-who-battled-four-james-bonds-luke-skywalker-and-rambo-and-was-famously-shot-dead-by-indiana-jones-9593218.html |date=July 9, 2014 |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925125654/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/terry-richards-stuntman-who-battled-four-james-bonds-luke-skywalker-and-rambo-and-was-famously-shot-dead-by-indiana-jones-9593218.html |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="LastingRecGuardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/19/raiders-lost-ark-action |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark: No 11 best action and war film of all time |first=Stuart |last=Heritage |date=October 19, 2010 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019221040/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/19/raiders-lost-ark-action |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="LastingRecTelegraph">{{cite web |first1=Tim |last1=Robey |first2=Robbie |last2=Collin|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/best-action-movies-ever-made/11-raiders-lost-ark-1981/ |title=Beat it, Kingsman: the 24 greatest action movies of all time |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=September 21, 2017 |access-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408102234/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/best-action-movies-ever-made/11-raiders-lost-ark-1981/ |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesDerby">{{cite web |first=Tom |last=O'Neil |url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2008/05/will-indiana-jo.html|title=Will 'Indiana Jones,' Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford come swashbuckling back into the awards fight? |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 8, 2008 |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509050751/http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2008/05/will-indiana-jo.html |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="LATimes2020TwitterVote">{{cite web |first=Justin |last=Chang |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-08-20/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-jaws-ultimate-summer-movie-showdown-stand-by-me-final |title=How 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' beat 'Jaws' — and won the Ultimate Summer Movie Showdown |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 20, 2020 |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821090135/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-08-20/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-jaws-ultimate-summer-movie-showdown-stand-by-me-final |archive-date=August 21, 2020 |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LAWeekly">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=After 33 Years And An Airplane Explosion, Their Raiders Of The Lost Ark Remake Is Almost Complete. Are They? |url=https://www.laweekly.com/after-33-years-and-an-airplane-explosion-their-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-remake-is-almost-complete-are-they/ |website=[[LA Weekly]] |access-date=July 23, 2020 |date=November 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200723201510/https://www.laweekly.com/after-33-years-and-an-airplane-explosion-their-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-remake-is-almost-complete-are-they/ |archive-date=July 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="LegoWired">{{cite web|first=John |last=Baichtal |title=LEGO Indiana Jones Honors (And Revises) The Films |url=https://www.wired.com/2008/04/lego-indiana-jo-2/ |website=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=April 29, 2008 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222225255/https://www.wired.com/2008/04/lego-indiana-jo-2/ |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LucasFilmProduction">{{cite web |title=40 Years Ago: Raiders Of The Lost Ark Starts Production |url=https://www.lucasfilm.com/news/40-years-ago-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-starts-production/ |publisher=[[Lucasfilm]] |date=June 23, 2020 |access-date=July 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723214353/https://www.lucasfilm.com/news/40-years-ago-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-starts-production/ |archive-date=July 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="McDonaldsVHSRelease">{{cite news|author=Billboard |title=$5.99 McDeal on 'Indiana Jones' Videos |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-12-07-9104200174-story.html |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=December 7, 1991 |access-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215041721/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-12-07-9104200174-story.html |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="McGee2011">{{cite web |title=Citizen Kane (1941) |first=Scott |last=McGee |publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |date=August 12, 2011 |access-date=October 16, 2017 |url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/71645%7C0/Pop-Culture.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017043917/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/71645%7C0/Pop-Culture.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="MentalFloss20">{{cite web |first=Sean |last=Hutchinson |title=20 Adventurous Facts About Raiders of the Lost Ark |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/55963/20-adventurous-facts-about-raiders-lost-ark |website=[[Mental Floss]] |date=June 12, 2016 |access-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717084846/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/55963/20-adventurous-facts-about-raiders-lost-ark |archive-date=July 17, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Mercedes">{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-06-12/news/mn-7400_1_million-for-war-war-forced-labor|title=Daimler-Benz to Pay $12 Million for War Forced Labor |agency=Times Wire Services |date=June 12, 1988 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718143511/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-12-mn-7400-story.html |archive-date=July 18, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MerchSuperHeroHype">{{cite web|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=6807 |title=Hasbro Previews G.I. Joe, Hulk, Iron Man, Indy & Clone Wars |date=February 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Mandatory (company)|SuperHeroHype]] |first=Edward |last=Douglas |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218050323/http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=6807 |archive-date=February 18, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Metacritic">{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/raiders-of-the-lost-ark|title=Raiders of the Lost Ark|publisher=[[Metacritic]] |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118040618/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/raiders-of-the-lost-ark|archive-date=January 18, 2015|access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="MovieFone">{{cite web |last=Knolle |first=Sharon |title=30 Things You Might Not Know About 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' |date=June 12, 2011 |publisher=[[Moviefone]] |url=http://news.moviefone.com/2011/06/12/raiders-lost-ark-30th-anniversary/ |access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802024345/http://news.moviefone.com/2011/06/12/raiders-lost-ark-30th-anniversary/|archive-date=August 2, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="NationalFilmRegistry">{{cite web|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806052210/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="NationalFilmRegistry2">{{cite web|first=Jamie |last=Allen |title=U.S. film registry adds 25 new titles |url=https://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9911/16/natl.film.registry/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=November 16, 1999 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616011440/https://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9911/16/natl.film.registry/ |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="NatGeo">{{cite web|first=Jeremy |last=Berlin |title=How Indiana Jones Actually Changed Archaeology |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/05/150514-indiana-jones-archaeology-exhibit-national-geographic-museum/ |website=[[The New Republic]] |date=May 14, 2015 |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626114340/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/05/150514-indiana-jones-archaeology-exhibit-national-geographic-museum/ |archive-date=June 26, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="NewRepublicReview">{{cite web|first=Stanley |last=Kauffmann |author-link=Stanley Kauffmann |title=Old Ark, New Covenant |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/134104/old-ark-new-covenant |website=[[The New Republic]] |date=July 4, 1981 |access-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721145840/https://newrepublic.com/article/134104/old-ark-new-covenant |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="Novel2">{{cite web |title= Writer Suing Lucas for Fraud and Breach of Contract Charges Failure to Comply with Court Order to Provide Accurate Data |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/06/prweb253567.htm |publisher=[[Cision|PRWeb]] |date=June 21, 2005 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=http://archive.is/wip/WbNW5 |archive-date= August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Novel1">{{cite web |title= Scot sues Lucas for £2m over raid of lost book sales |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/scot-sues-lucas-ps2m-over-raid-lost-book-sales-2473298 |website=[[The Scotsman]] |date=June 23, 2005 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=http://archive.is/wip/SK5QE |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="NPRCreamer">{{cite web|first=Christopher |last=Joyce |title=Indiana Jones: Saving History or Stealing It? |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89724552&t=1598133427554|publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 21, 2008 |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822222138/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89724552&t=1598133427554 |archive-date=August 22, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesSummer1982">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=What Movies Will Be The Big Winners This Summer? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/17/movies/what-movies-will-be-the-big-winners-this-summer.html?searchResultPosition=84 |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 25, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181926/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/17/movies/what-movies-will-be-the-big-winners-this-summer.html?searchResultPosition=84 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesVideoGame">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Home Video Games Nearing Profitability Of The Film Business |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/04/arts/home-video-games-nearing-profitability-of-the-film-business.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 4, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231172215/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/04/arts/home-video-games-nearing-profitability-of-the-film-business.html |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesSequel">{{cite news |first=Leslie |last=Wayne |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Hollywood Sequels Are Just The Ticket |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/18/business/hollywood-sequels-are-just-the-ticket.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 18, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411120321/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/18/business/hollywood-sequels-are-just-the-ticket.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesSaturn">{{cite news |title='Raiders' Wins 7 Awards From Fantasy Academy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/29/movies/raiders-wins-7-awards-from-fantasy-academy.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |agency=[[United Press International]] |date=July 29, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411120323/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/29/movies/raiders-wins-7-awards-from-fantasy-academy.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesVideoGame2">{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Pollack |title=The Game Turns Serious At Atari |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/19/business/the-game-turns-serious-at-atari.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518195343/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/19/business/the-game-turns-serious-at-atari.html |archive-date=May 18, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesFourthHighest">{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Chase |title=At The Movies; Lelouch film runs 3 hours; 6 if you'd like. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/11/movies/at-the-movies-lelouch-film-runs-3-hours-6-if-you-d-like.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 11, 1982 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202072328/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/11/movies/at-the-movies-lelouch-film-runs-3-hours-6-if-you-d-like.html |archive-date=February 2, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesDGAAward">{{cite news |first=C. Gerald |last=Fraser |title=Beatty Wins Directors Guild Award For His Work On 'Reds' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/15/movies/beatty-wins-directors-guild-award-for-his-work-on-reds.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 15, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727183157/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/15/movies/beatty-wins-directors-guild-award-for-his-work-on-reds.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesSerials">{{cite news |first=Janet |last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin |title=Spielberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/07/movies/how-old-movie-serials-inspired-lucas-and.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 7, 1981 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727201750/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/07/movies/how-old-movie-serials-inspired-lucas-and.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesVHSRelease">{{cite news |first=Sandra |last=Salmans |title=Hollywood Gambles On Video |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/business/hollywood-gambles-on-video.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1983 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206093026/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/business/hollywood-gambles-on-video.html |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesVHSRelease2">{{cite news |title='Beverly Hills Cop' To Be a Video Cassette |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/13/movies/beverly-hills-cop-to-be-a-video-cassette.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 13, 1985 |access-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=http://archive.is/wip/XgeqS |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesTempleSuccess">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Indiana Jones' Topping 'Jedi' Box-office Record |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/30/movies/indiana-jones-topping-jedi-box-office-record.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 30, 1984 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918201456/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/30/movies/indiana-jones-topping-jedi-box-office-record.html |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimespG13">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Indiana Jones' Stirs Ratings Debate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/21/movies/indiana-jones-stirs-ratings-debate.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 21, 1984 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411120327/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/21/movies/indiana-jones-stirs-ratings-debate.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTTimesNovelization">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Publishers Turning Cool To The Tie-in Novelization Of Movies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/21/movies/publishers-turning-cool-to-the-tie-in-novelization-of-movies.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 21, 1981 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811112641/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/21/movies/publishers-turning-cool-to-the-tie-in-novelization-of-movies.html |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesPrints">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Hollywood's Video Gamble |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/28/magazine/hollywood-s-video-gamble.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 28, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181047/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/28/magazine/hollywood-s-video-gamble.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesCanbyReview">{{cite news |first=Vincent |last=Canby |author-link=Vincent Canby |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/12/movies/raiders-of-lost-ark.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 12, 1981 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200731151919/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/12/movies/raiders-of-lost-ark.html?searchResultPosition=7 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesAgeRating">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Raiders': Too Terrifying To Be PG? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/16/movies/raiders-too-terrifying-to-be-pg.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 16, 1981 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181938/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/16/movies/raiders-too-terrifying-to-be-pg.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesOscarNom">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Reds' And 'Golden Pond' Top Oscar Nominations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/12/movies/reds-and-golden-pond-top-oscar-nominations.html?searchResultPosition=66 |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 12, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727175602/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/12/movies/reds-and-golden-pond-top-oscar-nominations.html?searchResultPosition=66 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesPreviews">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Tis Almost The Season To Be Jolly, But Not Out In Hollywood |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/movies/tis-almost-the-season-to-be-jolly-but-not-out-in-hollywood.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 10, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727222145/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/movies/tis-almost-the-season-to-be-jolly-but-not-out-in-hollywood.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesHomeMedia">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/07/movies/hollywood-thriving-on-video-cassette-boom.html?searchResultPosition=57 |title=Hollywood Thriving On Video-cassette Boom |date=May 17, 1984 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705212626/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/07/movies/hollywood-thriving-on-video-cassette-boom.html?searchResultPosition=57 |archive-date=July 5, 2020 |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesComics">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=New Film-comic Superhero Coming |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/01/movies/new-film-comic-superhero-coming.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 1, 1983 |access-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411120317/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/01/movies/new-film-comic-superhero-coming.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesNBOR">{{cite news |title=Film Board Picks 'bests' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/17/movies/film-board-picks-bests.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 17, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727231005/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/17/movies/film-board-picks-bests.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesValenti">{{cite news |title=Film Box Offices Set 8-Month Record |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/08/movies/film-box-offices-set-8-month-record.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 8, 1981 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727180353/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/08/movies/film-box-offices-set-8-month-record.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesTopTenCanby">{{cite news |first=Vincent |last=Canby |author-link=Vincent Canby |title=Film View; For American Movies, A Minor Renaissance |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/27/movies/film-view-for-american-movies-a-minor-renaissance.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 27, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181931/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/27/movies/film-view-for-american-movies-a-minor-renaissance.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesPress">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Blake Edwards In Tiff Over 'S.O.B.' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/25/movies/blake-edwards-in-tiff-over-sob.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 25, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727183148/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/25/movies/blake-edwards-in-tiff-over-sob.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesXmas">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Hollywood Shivers In A Crisis Of Confidence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/20/movies/hollywood-shivers-in-a-crisis-of-confidence.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727222817/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/20/movies/hollywood-shivers-in-a-crisis-of-confidence.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesAD">{{cite news |title=The Road To Extradom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/22/magazine/the-road-to-extradom.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 22, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727232111/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/22/magazine/the-road-to-extradom.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesQueue">{{cite news |first=Janet |last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin |title=Film View; Unreal Heroes For The 80's |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/19/movies/film-view-unreal-heroes-for-the-80-s.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 19, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727193720/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/19/movies/film-view-unreal-heroes-for-the-80-s.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesOneYearLater">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Star Trek II' Sets Mark For Sales At Opening |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/08/movies/star-trek-ii-sets-mark-for-sales-at-opening.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 8, 1982 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727190441/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/08/movies/star-trek-ii-sets-mark-for-sales-at-opening.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimes1981June30">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Superman' Breaks Record |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/30/movies/superman-breaks-record.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 30, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181612/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/30/movies/superman-breaks-record.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesLawsuit">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Suit On 'ark' Charges Stealing From A Novel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/09/movies/suit-on-ark-charges-stealing-from-a-novel.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 9, 1981 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727193052/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/09/movies/suit-on-ark-charges-stealing-from-a-novel.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesPrediction">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Superman II' Predicted As Summer's Hit Movie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/25/movies/superman-ii-predicted-as-summer-s-hit-movie.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 25, 1981 |access-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727184418/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/25/movies/superman-ii-predicted-as-summer-s-hit-movie.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesSupermanRelease">{{cite news |first=Pamela G. |last=Hollie |title=Hollywood Strategy For Summer Films |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/26/business/hollywood-strategy-for-summer-films.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 26, 1981 |access-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727190310/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/26/business/hollywood-strategy-for-summer-films.html |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesIndySummerWinner">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |title=Hollywood Is Joyous Over Its Record Grossing Summer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/09/movies/hollywood-is-joyous-over-its-record-grossing-summer.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 9, 1981 |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309063502/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/09/movies/hollywood-is-joyous-over-its-record-grossing-summer.html |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="NewYorkerSpitball">{{cite web |first=Patrick |last=Radden Keefe |title=Spitballing Indy |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/spitballing-indy |website=[[The New Yorker]] |date=March 25, 2013 |access-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014928/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/spitballing-indy|archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="OldGoodBOMSummary">{{cite web |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=raidersofthelostark.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122071157/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=raidersofthelostark.htm|archive-date=January 22, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="OldGoodBOMOveralls">{{cite web |title=Raiders Of The Lost Ark|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=raidersofthelostark.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121124856/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=raidersofthelostark.htm |archive-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="OldBomWorldwide1981">{{cite web |title=1981 Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1981/ |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823141929/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1981/|archive-date= August 23, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Oscars1982">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982 |title=The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |access-date=October 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816140324/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="PaulineKaelNYT">{{cite news|date=September 4, 2001 |first=Lawrence |last=Van Gelder |author-link=Lawrence Van Gelder |title=Pauline Kael, Provocative and Widely Imitated New Yorker Film Critic, Dies at 82 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/movies/pauline-kael-provocative-and-widely-imitated-new-yorker-film-critic-dies-at-82.html |access-date=July 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031014847/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/movies/pauline-kael-provocative-and-widely-imitated-new-yorker-film-critic-dies-at-82.html |archive-date=October 31, 2010 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="PaulineKael">{{cite web |first=Pauline |last=Kael |author-link=Pauline Kael |title=Whipped |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1981/06/15/whipped |website=[[The New Yorker]]|date=June 15, 1981|access-date=July 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909125832/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1981/06/15/whipped |archive-date=September 9, 2014 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="PeoplesChoice">{{cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 1982 |url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=1982 |publisher=[[People's Choice Awards]] |access-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617180738/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=1982 |archive-date=June 17, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="PG13">{{cite news |title=PG-13 at 20: How 'Indiana' remade films |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/pg-13-20-how-indiana-remade-films-wbna5798549 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=August 23, 2004 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724135944/https://www.today.com/popculture/pg-13-20-how-indiana-remade-films-wbna5798549 |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="RaidersPiracy">{{cite news|first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title='Jedi' Prints Stolen For Cassette Piracy, Movie Industry Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/09/movies/jedi-prints-stolen-for-cassette-piracy-movie-industry-says.html?searchResultPosition=7 |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 9, 1983 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=http://archive.is/wip/TWeEY |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="RaidersVideoGame">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/20/top-10-indiana-jones-games |title=Top 10 Indiana Jones Games |last=Buchanan |first=Levi |date=May 20, 2008 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527203324/http://retro.ign.com/articles/875/875398p1.html |archive-date=May 27, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="RevEbert">{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1981 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date=January 1, 1981 |access-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161215224654/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1981 |archive-date=December 15, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewTHR">{{cite web |first=Arthur |last=Knight |title='Raiders of the Lost Ark': THR's 1981 Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/raiders-lost-ark-review-1981-movie-1011481 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 5, 1981 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811063012/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/raiders-lost-ark-review-1981-movie-1011481 |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="RollingStoneReview">{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Sragow |title=Inside 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' |website=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=1981-06-25 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/inside-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-69261/ |access-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709010257/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/inside-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-69261/ |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="RottenTomatoes">{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/raiders_of_the_lost_ark/|title=Raiders of the Lost Ark|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331235026/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/raiders_of_the_lost_ark|archive-date=March 31, 2019|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="SequelCollider">{{cite web |first=Vinnie |last=Mancuso |title=The Opening of 'Kingdom of the Crystal Skull' Makes the Perfect Old Man Indiana Jones Movie |url=https://collider.com/indiana-jones-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-opening-scene-is-good/ |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=May 22, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614185641/https://collider.com/indiana-jones-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-opening-scene-is-good/ |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="SequelYoungIndyComic">{{cite web |title=The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles #8 |url=https://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/92-150/The-Young-Indiana-Jones-Chronicles-8 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131015114934/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/92-150/The-Young-Indiana-Jones-Chronicles-8 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="SequelLastCrusadeOral">{{cite web |title=The Making Of Indiana Jones And The Last Crusade |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-making-last-crusade/ |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=October 8, 2012 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716141310/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-making-last-crusade/ |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="SequelLastCrusade">{{cite news |first=Aljean |last=Harmetz |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |title=Indiana Jones Conquers Box-Office Competition |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/31/movies/indiana-jones-conquers-box-office-competition.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 31, 1989 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411120335/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/31/movies/indiana-jones-conquers-box-office-competition.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="SequelSyFy">{{cite web |first=Will |last=Leitch |title=This Week In Genre History: Indiana Jones And The Kingdom Of The Crystal Skull Nukes The Fridge |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-history |publisher=[[Syfy]] |date=May 20, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105939/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-history |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="SequelLastCrusade2">{{cite news|first=Aljean |last=Harmetz|author-link=Aljean Harmetz|title=Hollywood Registers A Bonanza For 1989 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/04/movies/hollywood-registers-a-bonanza-for-1989.html|website=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 4, 1990 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200815194646/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/04/movies/hollywood-registers-a-bonanza-for-1989.html?searchResultPosition=46 |archive-date=August 15, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantNovelsGames">{{cite web |last=Andersen |first=Andy |title=15 Best Indiana Jones Stories Outside The Movies |url=https://screenrant.com/best-indiana-jones-stories-not-movies-comics-books-tv-show/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706192318/https://screenrant.com/best-indiana-jones-stories-not-movies-comics-books-tv-show/ |archive-date=July 6, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantToht">{{cite web |first=Kelso |last=Jacks |url=https://screenrant.com/indiana-jones-raiders-lost-ark-face-melt-no-cgi/ |title=How Raiders of the Lost Ark's Face Melt Was Filmed (Without CGI) |date=March 29, 2020 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330130523/https://screenrant.com/indiana-jones-raiders-lost-ark-face-melt-no-cgi/ |archive-date=March 30, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SlashPangrazio">{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Sciretta |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/page-2-498/ |title=Page 2: Indiana Jones, Lost, Star Wars, The Campaign, Jason Statham, Robot & Frank, King of Kong, Stan Winston, Jaws, Martin Scorsese, Total Recall, Lord of the Rings, Jurassic Park|date=August 17, 2012 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129074114/https://www.slashfilm.com/page-2-498/ |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SyFyMarcia">{{cite web |url=http://www.syfy.co.uk/news/3-ways-which-marcia-lucas-helped-save-star-wars-0 |title=3 ways in which Marcia Lucas helped save Star Wars |year=2017 |publisher=[[Syfy (British and Irish TV channel)|Syfy UK]] |access-date=October 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526072937/https://www.syfy.co.uk/news/3-ways-which-marcia-lucas-helped-save-star-wars-0 |archive-date=May 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SyfyArk">{{cite web |first=Benjamin |last=Bullard |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/indiana-jones-lost-ark-found-antiques-roadshow |title=Indiana Jones' Lost Ark Found Again...On Antiques Roadshow |date=February 25, 2020 |publisher=[[Syfy]] |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055244/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/indiana-jones-lost-ark-found-antiques-roadshow |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TelegraphRetro">{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Robey |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/indiana-joness-cheeky-thrilling-raiders-lost-ark-heist-made/ |title=How Indiana Jones's cheeky, thrilling Raiders of the Lost Ark heist made movie history|date=April 3, 2020 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405064501/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/indiana-joness-cheeky-thrilling-raiders-lost-ark-heist-made/ |archive-date=April 5, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="TelegraphIndy">{{cite web |first=Nina |last=Metz |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-chicago-closeup-indiana-jones-20141106-column.html|title=What Indiana Jones Gets Wrong (And Right) About Archaeology |date=November 5, 2014 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130101457/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-chicago-closeup-indiana-jones-20141106-column.html |archive-date=January 30, 2021 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="ThemparkPolygon">{{cite web |first=Petrana |last= Radulovic |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/3/5/21165208/the-great-movie-ride-walt-disney-world-hollywood-studios-ride-through-replaced |title=The Great Movie Ride was the first time I experienced 'Disney magic' |date=March 5, 2020 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807080055/https://www.polygon.com/2020/3/5/21165208/the-great-movie-ride-walt-disney-world-hollywood-studios-ride-through-replaced |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ThemeParkSlashFilm">{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Pearson |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/indiana-jones-epic-stunt-spectacular/ |title=Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular to Undergo Renovation, Should Be Updated In Time For 'Indiana Jones 5' |date=March 15, 2019 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707035342/https://www.slashfilm.com/indiana-jones-epic-stunt-spectacular/ |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbersSummary">{{cite web |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Raiders-of-the-Lost-Ark#tab=summary |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820001553/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Raiders-of-the-Lost-Ark#tab=summary |archive-date=August 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbersBOSummary">{{cite web |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Raiders-of-the-Lost-Ark#tab=box-office |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820001553/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Raiders-of-the-Lost-Ark#tab=box-office |archive-date=August 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981June12">{{cite web |title=Weekend Domestic Chart for June 12, 1981 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/06/12 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106163940/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/06/12 |archive-date=November 6, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981June19">{{cite web |title=Weekend Domestic Chart for June 19, 1981 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/06/19 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121213556/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/06/19 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981June26">{{cite web |title=Weekend Domestic Chart for June 26, 1981 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/06/26 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129115254/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/06/26 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981July3">{{cite web |title=Weekend Domestic Chart for July 3, 1981 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/07/03 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809224607/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/07/03 |archive-date=August 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981July17">{{cite web |title=Weekend Domestic Chart for July 17, 1981 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/07/17 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217144642/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-chart/weekend/1981/07/17 |archive-date=February 17, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981Overall">{{cite web |title=Top 1981 Movies at the Domestic Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/domestic/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1981 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309155903/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/domestic/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1981 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbers1981Worldwide">{{cite web |title=Top 1981 Movies at the Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1981 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506075934/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1981 |archive-date=May 6, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

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<ref name="TheNumbers1981OutsideNA">{{cite web |title=Top 1981 Movies at the International Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/international/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1981 |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222023819/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/international/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1981 |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="THRJun14">{{cite web| title=Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/amelie-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818437 | date=June 25, 2014 | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]| access-date=July 5, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705214119/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/ghostbusters-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818454 |archive-date=July 5, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TheRinger">{{cite web |last=Jake |first=Kring-Schreifels |title=How Indiana Jones's Fedora Became an Artifact With a Life of Its Own |url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/6/11/21286505/indiana-jones-hat-fedora-history-raiders-of-the-lost-ark |publisher=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]] |date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623222204/https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/6/11/21286505/indiana-jones-hat-fedora-history-raiders-of-the-lost-ark |archive-date=June 23, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="THRBluRay2012">{{cite web |first=Borys |last=Kit |title='Raiders of the Lost Ark' to Get Imax Rerelease |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/raiders-lost-ark-imax-361878 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160428124258/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/raiders-lost-ark-imax-361878 |archive-date=April 28, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="THRCharacters">{{cite web|first=Adam |last=Yuster |title=The Stars Of 'Indiana Jones And The Last Crusade': Where Are They Now? |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/indiana-jones-last-crusade-cast-now-harrison-ford-more-1167704 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=May 24, 2019 |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605130856/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/indiana-jones-last-crusade-cast-now-harrison-ford-more-1167704 |archive-date=June 5, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="TravelPulseLocations">{{cite web|first=Michlle Ray |last=Uy |title=Indiana Jones Filming Locations to Satisfy Your Wanderlust |url=https://www.travelpulse.com/news/destinations/indiana-jones-filming-locations-to-satisfy-your-wanderlust.html |publisher=[[Northstar Travel Group|TravelPulse]] |date=February 25, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815081648/https://www.travelpulse.com/news/destinations/indiana-jones-filming-locations-to-satisfy-your-wanderlust.html |archive-date=August 15, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="UproxxLocations">{{cite web|first=Christian |last=Long |title=Visit These 'Raiders Of The Lost Ark' Travel Locations This Summer |url=https://uproxx.com/life/indiana-jones-raiders-travel-locations/ |publisher=[[Uproxx]] |date=June 12, 2016 |access-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008104755/https://uproxx.com/life/indiana-jones-raiders-travel-locations/ |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="VanityFairSpielberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/spielberg_qanda200802?currentPage=4 |first=Jim |last=Windolf |title=Q&A: Steven Spielberg |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=December 2, 2007 |access-date=December 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65YzRhF7S?url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/spielberg_qanda200802?currentPage=4 |archive-date=February 19, 2012 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="VanityFairAdaptation">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2004/03/raiders200403 |title=Raiders of the Lost Backyard |first=Jim |last=Windolf |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |access-date=April 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509072638/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2004/03/raiders200403 |archive-date=May 9, 2009 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="VanityFairToht">{{cite web |first=Dennis |last=Muren |author-link=Dennis Muren |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/photos/2010/11/industrial-light-and-magic-201011 |title=Behind-the-Scenes Photos of ILM's Greats: Jurassic Park, Raiders of the Lost Ark, E.T., and Beyond |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65YzRhF7S?url=http://archive.is/wip/I4kW7 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="VarietyReview">{{cite web|first=Stephen |last=Klain |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 5, 1981 |url=https://variety.com/1981/film/reviews/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1200425049/ | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110216204935/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117794297/ | archive-date = February 16, 2011 |access-date=June 4, 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="VICETOD">{{cite web|first=James |last=Charisma |title='Indiana Jones' Has Aged Terribly|website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=June 19, 2020 |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/j5wnay/indiana-jones-has-aged-terribly | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120003222/https://www.vice.com/en/article/j5wnay/indiana-jones-has-aged-terribly | archive-date =January 20, 2021 |access-date=April 14, 2021 | url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="VideoGameLego">{{cite web |url=https://www.trustedreviews.com/reviews/lego-indiana-jones-the-original-adventures |title=Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures |date=February 5, 2011 |website=[[Trusted Reviews]] |access-date=August 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807101218/https://www.trustedreviews.com/reviews/lego-indiana-jones-the-original-adventures |archive-date=August 7, 2020|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Vishi">{{cite web|first=Vashi |last= Nedomansky|title=Raiders of the Lost Ark – Matte Painting |url=https://vashivisuals.com/raiders-lost-ark-warehouse-matte-painting/ |date=May 6, 2014 |publisher=Vishi Visuals |access-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205010955/https://vashivisuals.com/raiders-lost-ark-warehouse-matte-painting/ |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="WAPOAllen">{{cite web |first=Christian |last=Williams |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/07/20/the-lady-of-the-lost-ark/fed74cbb-4a29-4cb8-880a-04448d0a9add/ |title=The Lady of The Lost Ark |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 20, 1981 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827145110/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/07/20/the-lady-of-the-lost-ark/fed74cbb-4a29-4cb8-880a-04448d0a9add/ |archive-date=August 27, 2017 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="WAPOInspirations">{{cite web |first=Jen |last=Chaney |title=The Spawn of Indy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/artsandliving/movies/features/2008/indiana-jones/index.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925215157/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/artsandliving/movies/features/2008/indiana-jones/index.html |archive-date=September 25, 2019 |url-status=live |url-access=limited }}</ref>

<ref name="WeinraubNYT">{{cite news|author-link=Bernard Weinraub |first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/22/movies/movies-for-children-and-their-parents-are-far-from-pollyanna.html |title=Movies for Children, and Their Parents, Are Far From 'Pollyanna' |date=July 22, 1997 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107081050/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/22/movies/movies-for-children-and-their-parents-are-far-from-pollyanna.html |archive-date=November 7, 2012 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="WGAGreatest1">{{cite web|title=101 Greatest Screenplays |url=https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-greatest-screenplays |publisher=[[Writers Guild of America West]] |date=2005 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200502131453/https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-greatest-screenplays|archive-date=May 2, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="WGAGreatest2">{{cite web|title=101 Greatest Screenplays |url=https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-greatest-screenplays/list |publisher=[[Writers Guild of America West]] |date=2005 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130130322/https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-greatest-screenplays/list |archive-date=November 30, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

}}

== Kutipan karya ==
*{{cite journal| first=Jennifer |last=Barker |title="A Hero Will Rise": The Myth of the Fascist Man in Fight Club and Gladiator |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |publisher=[[Salisbury University]] |volume=36|issue=3 | date= 2008 |location=[[Salisbury, Maryland]] |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/226986979 |access-date=April 10, 2021}}
*{{cite journal| first=Richmond |last=Crinkley |title=The Ark Of The Cinemate |journal=[[Film Comment]] |publisher=[[Film at Lincoln Center]] |volume=21|issue=4 | date=July–August 1985 |location=New York City|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/210241430 |access-date=April 9, 2021}}
*{{cite journal| first=Elizabeth |last=Hirschman |title=Legends In Our Own Time: How Motion Pictures And Television Shows Fulfill The Functions Of Myth |journal=[[The American Journal of Semiotics]] |publisher=[[Philosophy Documentation Center]] |volume=17|issue=3 |pages=7-9,12-46 | date=Fall 2001 |location=[[Charlottesville, Virginia]]|doi=10.5840/ajs200117329 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/213749767 |access-date=April 9, 2021}}
*{{cite journal| first=Latham|last=Hunter |title=The Celluloid Cubicle: Regressive Constructions of Masculinity in 1990s Office Movies |journal=The Journal of American Culture |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |volume=26|issue=1 |pages=71–86| date=March 2003 |location=[[Hoboken, New Jersey]]|doi=10.1111/1542-734X.00075 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/200624872 |access-date=April 9, 2021}}
*{{cite journal| first=Kevin |last=McGeough |title=Heroes, Mummies, and Treasure: Near Eastern Archaeology in the Movies |journal=[[Near Eastern Archaeology (journal)|Near Eastern Archaeology]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=68 |issue=3/4|pages=174–185 | date= September–December 2006 |location=Chicago, Illinois |doi=10.1086/NEA25067670 |s2cid=166381712 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/221537348 |access-date=April 10, 2021}}
*{{cite book |last=Prorokova |first=Tatiana |date=April 3, 2020 |title=Excavating Indiana Jones: Essays on the Films and Franchise |chapter=Translocations, Cultural Geography and Anthropological Imperialism in Raiders of the Lost Ark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOnaDwAAQBAJ |location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina]] |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |isbn= 9781476639727}}
*{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Steven Jay|title=[[1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die]]|date=2013|chapter=1980s|publisher=[[Murdoch Books]] Pty Limited|location=Boston, Massachusetts | isbn=978-0-7641-6613-6 }}
*{{cite journal| first=Matt |last=Yockey |title=Somewhere in Time: Utopia and the Return of Superman |journal=[[The Velvet Light Trap]] |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |issue=61|pages=26–37| date= Spring 2008 |volume=61 |location=[[Austin, Texas]] |doi=10.1353/vlt.2008.0007 |s2cid=190119420 |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/222840506 |access-date=April 10, 2021}}

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* {{cite book |last=Black |first=Campbell |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark |date=September 1987 |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |isbn=0-345-35375-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Kasdan |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence Kasdan |title=Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Illustrated Screenplay |year=1981 |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |isbn=0-345-30327-X}}
* {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Taylor |title=The Making of Raiders of the Lost Ark |date=August 1981 |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=0-345-29725-3}}

== Pranala luar ==
* {{resmi|http://lucasfilm.com/indiana-jones-and-the-raiders-of-the-lost-ark|''Raiders of the Lost Ark''}} di {{URL|http://lucasfilm.com/|Lucasfilm.com}}
* {{IMDb title|0082971|Raiders of the Lost Ark}}
* {{AllMovie title}}
* {{isfdb title|id=1441597|title=Raiders of the Lost Ark}}
* {{tcmdb title|22087|Raiders of the Lost Ark}}


[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 1981]]
[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 1981]]
[[Kategori:Film yang disutradarai Steven Spielberg]]

Revisi per 3 Mei 2021 17.01

Raiders of the Lost Ark
SutradaraSteven Spielberg
ProduserFrank Marshall
SkenarioLawrence Kasdan
Cerita
Pemeran
Penata musikJohn Williams
SinematograferDouglas Slocombe
PenyuntingMichael Kahn
Perusahaan
produksi
DistributorParamount Pictures
Tanggal rilis
  • 12 Juni 1981 (1981-06-12)
Durasi115 menit
Negara Amerika Serikat
BahasaInggris
Anggaran$20 juta
Pendapatan
kotor
$389,9 juta

Raiders of the Lost Ark[a] adalah film laga petualangan Amerika 1981 yang disutradarai oleh Steven Spielberg dan ditulis oleh Lawrence Kasdan berdasarkan naskah oleh George Lucas dan Philip Kaufman. Film ini dibintangi Harrison Ford, Karen Allen, Paul Freeman, Ronald Lacey, John Rhys-Davies, dan Denholm Elliott. Harrison memerankan Indiana Jones, seorang arkeolog yang berkeliling dunia yang bersaing dengan pasukan Nazi Jerman pada tahun 1936 demi menemukan Ark of the Covenant, sebuah peninggalan yang dikatakan membuat tentara tak terkalahkan, yang telah lama hilang. Bekerja sama dengan mantan kekasihnya yang tangguh Marion Ravenwood (Allen), Jones berlomba untuk menghentikan arkeolog saingannya Dr. René Belloq (Freeman) dari membimbing Nazi ke Ark dan kekuatannya.

Lucas menyusun Raiders of the Lost Ark di pada awal dasawarsa 1970-an. Berusaha untuk memodernkan film seri awal abad ke-20, ia mengembangkan ide tersebut lebih jauh dengan Kaufman, yang menyarankan Tabut sebagai tujuan film tersebut. Lucas akhirnya fokus pada pengembangan opera ruang angkasa 1977 Star Wars. Pengembangan Raiders of the Lost Ark dilanjutkan tahun itu ketika dia berbagi ide dengan Steven yang bergabung dengan proyek tersebut beberapa bulan kemudian. Sementara pasangan tersebut memiliki ide untuk adegan penting dalam film tersebut, mereka menyewa Jake untuk mengisi celah di antara mereka. Pengambilan gambar utama dimulai pada bulan Juni 1980 dengan biaya $20 juta dan diakhiri pada bulan September 1981. Pengambilan gambar berlangsung di latar di Elstree Studios, Inggris, dan di lokasi di La Rochelle, Tunisia, Hawaii, dan California.

Meskipun jajak pendapat prapenayangan menunjukkan sedikit minat penonton terhadap film tersebut, terutama dibandingkan dengan film adiwira Superman II, Raiders of the Lost Ark menjadi film dengan pendapatan kotor tertinggi pada tahun 1981, menghasilkan sekitar $330,5 juta di seluruh dunia. Itu diputar di beberapa bioskop selama lebih dari setahun karena popularitasnya. Itu adalah kesuksesan kritis, menerima pujian untuk pengambilan modern pada film serial, aksi dan petualangan tanpa henti, dan para pemerannya, terutama Ford, Allen, dan Freeman. Raiders of the Lost Ark menerima banyak nominasi penghargaan dan, antara lain, memenangkan lima Academy Awards, tujuh Saturn Awards, dan satu penghargaan BAFTA.

Bertahun-tahun sejak ditayangkan, film ini semakin dihargai dan sekarang dianggap sebagai salah satu film dasawarsa 1980-an terbesar dan salah satu film laga-petualangan terbesar yang pernah dibuat. Ini memiliki dampak yang langgeng terhadap budaya populer; keberhasilan film tersebut melahirkan sejumlah peniru di beberapa media dan mengilhami berbagai pembuat film. Raiders of the Lost Ark adalah film pertama yang kemudian menjadi franchise Indiana Jones, yang mencakup tiga film lagi — Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), dan Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) —seri televisi, video game, buku komik, novel, atraksi taman hiburan, mainan, permainan papan, barang koleksi, dan remake amatir. Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat memilihnya untuk disimpan di National Film Registry pada tahun 1999.

Alur

Indiana Jones mencoba mengambil golden idol di permulaan film.

Pada 1936, di hutan Peru, arkeolog/pemburu harta karun Indiana Jones melewati beberapa jebakan untuk mendapatkan sebuah artefak yang disebut golden idol dari sebuah kuil kuno. Setelah melewati banyak jebakan, termasuk sebuah batu besar, dia menemukan arkeolog saingannya, Rene Belloq yang sedang menunggu di luar dengan sekumpulan Hovitos (penduduk asli). Terkepung dan kalah jumlah, Jones terpaksa menyerahkan artefak itu ke Belloq. Jones melarikan diri dari Belloq dan para Hovitos setelah berkejar-kejaran di hutan, dan terbang memakai sebuah pesawat.

Berkas:IndyBoulder.jpg
Indiana Jones lari dari batu besar setelah mengambil golden idol.

Di sebuah universitas di Amerika Serikat tempatnya mengajar arkeologi, Jones kedatangan dua agen intelijen tentara. Keduanya memberitahu bahwa Abner Ravenwood, bekas mentor Jones sedang dicari-cari kawanan Nazi yang sedang berusaha mendapatkan ilmu gaib. Ravenwood adalah orang yang paling ahli tentang sebuah kota kuno bernama Tanis yang ada di Mesir. Kota ini ditemukan kembali oleh para Nazi, dan dipercaya sebagai tempat firaun Shishaq menyembunyikan Tabut Perjanjian (Ark of the Covenant), sebuah peti yang dibuat orang Israel untuk menyimpan sisa naskah Sepuluh Perintah Allah. Menurut Jones, para Nazi mencari Ravenwood karena dia memiliki kepala Tongkat Ra, sebuah artefak penting yang memberitahu lokasi Tabut saat ini. Menurut legenda, kepala tongkat ini akan menunjukkan tempat dari Well of Souls, tempat penyimpanan Tabut, bila sinar matahari difokuskan ke miniatur kota itu pada waktu yang tepat. Rekan Jones, Marcus Brody, menjelaskan lagi bahwa kekuatan legendaris dari Tabut itu bisa membuat tentara manapun tak terkalahkan.

Jones terbang ke Nepal, dan menemukan kalau Ravenwood sudah mati, dan kepala tongkat yang sekarang dipakai seperti sebuah medali, ternyata dimiliki Marion yang anak perempuan Ravenwood sekaligus mantan kekasih Indy. Kedai minum yang dimiliki Marion diserang para Nazi, di bawah pimpinan agen Nazi bernama Toht. Pertarungan terjadi dan kedai minum terbakar rata dengan tanah. Toht menggenggam medali yang panas membara hingga ukiran salah satu sisi medali tercetak di telapak tangannya. Namun medali tersebut berhasil direbut Jones dan Marion. Mereka berdua pergi ke Kairo untuk bertemu dengan Sallah, orang Mesir sekaligus penggali yang handal. Sallah tahu tempat para Nazi berada. Dengan bantuan Belloq, dan sebuah replika dari kepala tongkat Ra, kawanan Nazi sedang menggali Tabut. Di sebuah pasar di Kairo, pasukan Nazi menculik Marion dan membuat Jones mengira dia sudah mati. Malam itu, Sallah dan Jones memecahkan sandi dalam ukiran yang ada di dua sisi kepala tongkat milik Ravenwood, dan mereka mengetahui panjang tongkat yang dibutuhkan. Mereka sadar bahwa para Nazi hanya berpedoman pada salah satu sisi ukiran kepala tongkat yang tercetak di telapak tangan Toht yang terluka. Akibatnya, tongkat yang dimiliki para Nazi terlalu panjang, dan tentara Jerman menggali di tempat yang salah.

Indiana Jones dan Sallah mengangkat Tabut Perjanjian (Ark Of The Covenant).

Indy menyusup ke lokasi penggalian, dan masuk ke ruang peta. Di ruang peta disimpan sebuah model skala dari kota Tanis. Sallah hampir ketahuan dan tertangkap, tetapi Indy berhasil mengetahui lokasinya dari tongkat dan medali. Jones juga mengetahui Marion masih hidup tetapi masih berada di tangan penculik. Jones dan Sallah bersama sebuah tim kecil menggali di tempat yang benar. Setelah beberapa jam, mereka berhasil menembus atap dari Well of Souls yang terkubur. Jones diturunkan ke lantai kuil dan menemui banyak sekali ular beracun yang sangat dia takuti. Setelah Jones dan Sallah mengeluarkan Tabut dari kuil, Belloq dan para Nazi muncul dan merampasnya. Marion dibuang ke Well of Souls bersama Jones, dan mereka dikurung di dalamnya. Namun mereka berhasil kabur, dan keluar tepat waktu untuk menemui bahwa Tabut itu akan dipindahkan melalui pesawat ke Berlin. Setelah selesai bertarung, pesawat dihancurkan oleh Jones. Tabut itu dibawa dengan sebuah truk ke Kairo untuk selanjutnya dikapalkan ke Berlin. Setelah mencuri seekor kuda, Jones mengejar konvoi yang menjaga truk, dan akhirnya berhasil mengambil kendali truk berisi Tabut. Malam itu, Jones dan Marion meninggalkan Sallah untuk menjaga Tabut di atas kapal bernama Bantu Wind yang berlayar menuju Inggris.

Pagi hari berikutnya, sebuah kapal selam U-Boat di bawah komando Belloq dan perwira Nazi bernama Dietrich menghentikan kapal dan merebut Tabut itu. Namun Jones diam-diam masuk ke kapal selam, dan mengikuti mereka hingga di sebuah pulau terpencil. Mereka ternyata berniat untuk mencoba kekuatan dari Tabut itu sebelum diserahkan kepada Adolf Hitler. Jones mengancam untuk menghancur Tabut itu dengan sebuah peluncur roket, dan meminta agar Marion dilepaskan. Belloq sadar Indy hanya menggertak. Sama halnya seperti Belloq, Indy juga seorang arkeolog yang ingin melihat Tabut itu dibuka. Jones menyerah dan diikat bersama Marion sementara Belloq melakukan ritual untuk membuka Tabut. Dari dalam Tabut muncul sesuatu yang tidak terduga, yang menjadi klimaks film ini.

Sekembalinya di Washington, D.C., dua agen intelijen memberitahu Jones bahwa "para ahli" sedang meneliti Tabut itu. Sebenarnya, Tabut itu sudah disegel di dalam sebuah kotak kayu, dan disimpan di gudang pemerintah yang dipenuhi kotak-kotak serupa yang tak terhitung jumlahnya.

Produksi

Perancangan

George Lucas (kiri) pada 2011 dan Steven Spielberg pada 2017

George Lucas merancang Raiders of the Lost Ark pada tahun 1973, tak lama setelah menyelesaikan film komedi American Graffiti (1973).[4][5] Poster film lama tentang watak heroik yang melompat dari kuda ke truk mengingatkan George pada film seri awal abad ke-20 yang ia nikmati semasa muda, seperti Buck Rogers (1939), Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939), Spy Smasher (1942), and Don Winslow of the Navy (1942).[6][4][5][7] George ingin membuat film B yang meniru seri tersebut dan menyusun The Adventures of Indiana Smith yang menampilkan seorang arkeolog petualang yang dinamai anjing Alaskan Malamute miliknya.[4][5][7][8] Sekitar waktu yang sama, Lucas mencoba untuk mengadaptasi serial opera ruang angkasa Flash Gordon (1936), tetapi tidak dapat memperoleh haknya.[6][4][7] Lucas shelved the Indiana Smith project to focus on creating his own space opera, Star Wars (1977).[4][7]

Pada tahun 1975, George membincangkan gagasan film serinya dengan kawannya Philip Kaufman. George dan Philip ini mengerjakan naskah selama dua minggu.[9] George membayangkan wataknya sebagai seorang profesor perguruan tinggi dan petualang arkeolog, berdasarkan penghargaannya sendiri terhadap arkeologi dan arkeolog terkenal seperti Hiram Bingham III, Roy Chapman Andrews, dan Leonard Woolley.[10] Philip menghapus pandangan George tentang Smith sebagai pelindung klub malam dan perayu wanita, serta menyarankan Tabut Perjanjian sebagai tujuan utama film tersebut;[4][9] dia belajar tentang Tabut Perjanjian dari dokter gigi masa kecilnya.[11] The Ark provided a source of conflict for the hero and the Nazis, playing off Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's historical fascination with the occult.[11]

George ingin Philip untuk menyutradarai film tersebut, tetapi karena dia sudah berkomitmen untuk mengerjakan The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), Lucas menghentikan ide itu lagi dan kembali mengerjakan Star Wars.[4][12] In May 1977, Lucas vacationed in Hawaii to avoid the potential failure of the theatrical debut of Star Wars. He invited Steven Spielberg to join him and his wife.[13][14] On a beach near Mauna Kea volcano, Lucas and Spielberg discussed their next projects. Spielberg wanted to direct a James Bond film, but Lucas pitched him The Adventures of Indiana Smith.[13][14] Lucas still hoped Kaufman would direct it, but a few months later it was clear he could not participate and Lucas asked Spielberg to replace him.[14]

Penulisan

Philip Kaufman (left) in 1991 and Lawrence Kasdan in 2015. Kaufman originated the idea of using the Ark of the Covenant as a central plot device. Kasdan wrote the finished script based around individual set pieces devised by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg.

Lawrence Kasdan dipilih untuk menulis naskahnya. Lawrence telah bekerja sebagai penulis naskah profesional hanya selama sebulan, tetapi George setuju untuk mempekerjakannya setelah membaca naskah film Continental Divide (1981) karyanya.[8][14] Pada Januari 1978, George, Lawrence, dan Steven menghabiskan sekitar sembilan jam sehari selama tiga sampai lima hari di rumah asisten George di Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles untuk mengembangkan garis besar gagasan George.[7][8][9][15] Beberapa gagasan muncul dari perbincangan mereka, di antaranya jebakan batu besar, monyet di Kairo, Toht membakar jejak medali di tangannya, dan agen pemerintah mengunci Tabut Perjanjian itu.[15] Lawrence menyadari bahwa Steven dan George memiliki beberapa keputusan yang pasti, tetapi mereka sedang mencari orang lain yang bersedia bekerja keras menyatukannya.[8]

Steven membenci nama Indiana Smith karena meyakini nama itu akan mengingatkan penonton kepada watak Nevada Smith yang diperankan Steve McQueen dalam film berjudul sama pada tahun 1966. Mereka sepakat menggunakan nama "Indiana Jones".[7][15] Aktor Clint Eastwood dan Toshiro Mifune serta watak James Bond menjadi dasar penciptaan watak Indiana.[7][14] George ingin Indiana menjadi seorang praktisi kungfu dan playboy, mendanai gaya hidupnya dengan rampasan dari petualangannya, tetapi Steven dan George merasa wataknya cukup rumit sebagai seorang petualang dan arkeolog.[16][7][15] Steven menyarankan agar Indiana menjadi pejudi yang rajin atau pecandu alkohol, tetapi George ingin Indiana menjadi panutan yang "jujur ​​dan benar dan percaya."[7][15] Keduanya merasa penting Indiana menjadi bisa salah, rentan, dan mampu melakukan momen komedi seperti yang serius. Mereka bermaksud agar penonton bisa berhubungan dan mengidolakan Indiana.[13] Lucas suggested Marion would have a romantic past with the much older Jones at the age of 11; Spielberg replied, "she had better be older".[8]

Sementara Steven menyutradarai 1941 (1979), George menggunakan kantornya untuk menulis naskah Raiders of the Lost Ark dengan mengambil ilham dari seri awal abad ke-20 dan film petualangan seperti Red River (1948), Seven Samurai (1954), and The Magnificent Seven (1960).[8][17] Dia menulis Jones sebagai antipahlawan, seorang arkeolog direduksi menjadi perampok kuburan.[17] George wanted a supporting cast with their own unique characteristics and believed it was important these characters had a memorable impact.[17] He described the hardest part of writing as explaining how Jones would fall into successive dangerous events and then survive, and how he traveled between locations.[8] In August 1978, after approximately five months, Kasdan completed his first draft.[4][7][14]

Spielberg described the draft as good but too long; Kasdan and Lucas collaborated to trim and refine it.[14] The script was a globe-spanning tale set in the United States, Egypt, Greece, and Nepal.[7] Several elements were cut, including a journey to Shanghai that would lead to a minecart chase and Jones using a gong to shield himself from gunfire; both ideas were re-used in the prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984).[6][8] To his frustration, much of Kasdan's love story between Jones and Marion was trimmed, as were scenes showing the mutual attraction between Marion and Belloq.[7][8][18] The screenplay was completed by December 1979.[14]

Pengembangan dan praproduksi

A photograph of producer Frank Marshall
Producer Frank Marshall in 2012. As well as producing, Marshall had a minor role in the film as a Nazi pilot.

George ingin mendanai film ini sendirian, tetapi pada saat itu dia memiliki aset tunai yang terbatas.[7] Kepala keuangan Lucasfilm Charles Webber dan pengacara Lucas Tom Pollock menawarkan proyek tersebut ke beberapa studio Hollywood. Mereka menolaknya, sebagian karena anggaran $ 20 juta yang diusulkan, tetapi juga karena kesepakatan yang ditawarkan Lucas.[7][17] He wanted the studio to provide the budget, have no creative input and allow him to retain control of the licensing rights and any sequels.[17] Despite believing the project had potential, studios considered this deal unacceptable.[7][17] The studios were also hesitant because of Spielberg's involvement. Though generally successful as a director, he had delivered a succession of films over schedule and budget.[17] His recent effort, 1941, was both over budget and a critical failure. Lucas refused to do the project without Spielberg.[16][17][19]

Presiden Paramount Pictures Michael Eisner berkompromi dengan George dan menyetujui kesepakatannya dengan imbalan hak eksklusif atas sekuel apapun dan hukuman berat karena melebihi jadwal atau anggaran. George menyetujui persyaratan yang mencakup keterlibatannya dalam sekuel apa pun. Ia dilaporkan merundingkan gaji antara $1 juta dan $4 juta ditambah pembagian dari keuntungan kotor, meskipun laporan terpisah menyatakan dia hanya menerima keuntungan bersih. Steven menerima gaji hingga $1,5 juta sebagai direktur dan bagian dari laba kotor. George juga merundingkan $1 juta bagi Lucasfilm.[4][7]

Spielberg tertarik untuk bekerja dengan produser Frank Marshall. Dia telah mengerjakan film independen yang lebih kecil, dan Spielberg percaya dia akan menjaga film sesuai jadwal dan anggaran. Spielberg juga menyewa sinematografer Douglas Slocombe dan desainer produksi Norman Reynolds karena dia menyukai karya-karya mereka sebelumnya dan kolaborator lamanya Michael Kahn sebagai editor[18][20] and the film's executive producer, along with his acquaintance Howard Kazanjian, whom Lucas believed would be a disciplined influence and not indulge the filmmakers' larger ambitions. He also brought in his long-time collaborator Robert Watts as associate producer and production manager. Paramount mandated a filming schedule of 85 days; Lucas, Spielberg, and Marshall agreed on a self-imposed 73-day schedule. Spielberg was determined to avoid criticism for another schedule overrun.[7][14]

Praproduksi yang berlangsung selama enam bulan bermula pada Desember 1979.[14][21] Steven lebih suka menghabiskan waktu satu tahun bagi praproduksi, tetapi ia memilih bekerja lebih cepat demi menjaga biaya produksi tetap rendah.[14] Steven dan George masing-masing mengerjakan proyek lain pada saat yang sama.[7] Seniman Ed Verreaux, Dave Negron, Michael Lloyd, dan Joe Johnston provided extensive storyboarding, with over 80% of the script represented, equalling approximately 6,000 images. This helped Spielberg pre-visualize scenes and limit the time taken to set up shots. The script only described the opening of the ark as "all hell breaks loose", and the artists were tasked with envisioning what should happen. Each offered different aspects: spirits, flames, and weird light effects; Johnston was tasked with combining all three.[7][14] Spielberg also had miniature sets of larger scenes built to plan layouts and lighting, including the Well of Souls, the Tanis dig site, and the Cairo marketplace.[21] They contained 1-inch tall figurines to suggest how many extras would be required.[22] Among changes made at this stage, Spielberg abandoned his idea for Toht to have a mechanical arm that could be replaced with a machine gun or flamethrower. Lucas said it put the film into a different genre.[8]

Pemeranan

A photograph of Tom Selleck
Tom Selleck (in 2014) was cast as Indiana Jones, but he was forced to withdraw due to his contractual obligations to the television show Magnum, P.I..

George ingin memerankan aktor yang relatif tidak dikenal yang akan berkomitmen pada trilogi film untuk memerankan Indiana Jones.[7] Mereka yang dipertimbangkan untuk peran antara Bill Murray, Nick Nolte, Steve Martin, Chevy Chase, Tim Matheson, Nick Mancuso, Peter Coyote, Jack Nicholson, Jeff Bridges, dan John Shea.[6][17] Casting director Mike Fenton favored Bridges but Lucas' wife and frequent collaborator Marcia Lucas preferred Tom Selleck.[4][7] Selleck was contractually obligated to filming the television series Magnum, P.I. if it were to be made into a full series. Lucas and Spielberg asked the show's studio, CBS, to release him early 10 days early from his contract. Realizing Selleck was in demand, CBS greenlit Magnum P.I., forcing him to drop out and leaving the production with no lead actor only weeks before filming.[6][4][17] The actors' strike of 1980 later put the show on hiatus for three months, which would have allowed Selleck to star as Jones.[7]

Steven mengatakan Harrison sempurna untuk peran itu setelah melihat pemeranannya di The Empire Strikes Back; Kanzanjian mengatakan Harrison selalu dipertimbangkan tetapi tidak ditunjuk sebagai pemeran karena dia sudah menjadi aktor terkenal.[4] George was concerned about seeming reliant on Ford by casting him in another film after Star Wars, and he also did not think he would commit to three films.[17] However, Ford thought it would be a fun project and agreed to the deal.[17][7] He negotiated a seven-figure salary, a percentage of the gross profits, and the option to re-write his dialogue.[4][7] Ford undertook extensive exercise to enhance his physique and trained for several weeks under stunt coordinator Glenn Randall to use a bullwhip, becoming proficient enough to disarm the Monkey Man (Vic Tablian). Ford had to rehabilitate his wrist to compensate for an old injury.[7][17] Ford saw the character as an academic first and an adventurer second.[17]

Untuk wanita yang disukai Indiana, Steven menginginkan seseorang yang mirip dengan wanita terkemuka awal abad ke-20 seperti Irene Dunne, Barbara Stanwyck, dan Ann Sheridan, yang menyamai rekan pria mereka.[13] George menginginkan Debra Winger, tetapi dia tidak tertarik, dan Spielberg menginginkan pacarnya Amy Irving, tetapi dia tidak tersedia.[4][7][23] They also considered Barbara Hershey and Sean Young.[6][17] Karen Allen impressed Spielberg with her professionalism during auditions.[7] One of the first things Spielberg asked Allen was "how well do you spit?"[4] Allen developed a backstory for Marion that included her mother's death and her relationship with Jones when she was 15–16, but Spielberg said it belonged in a different movie.[18] Kasdan named Marion after his grandmother-in-law,[18] and took Ravenwood from a Los Angeles street.[21]

René dimaksudkan untuk menjadi penjahat tangguh untuk melawan pahlawan "peminum bir".[7] Spielberg cast Freeman after seeing him in the docudrama Death of a Princess (1980); Freeman's piercing eyes had captivated him.[24] French Singer Jacques Dutronc and Giancarlo Giannini were also considered.[17][24] Danny DeVito was approached to portray Sallah, described as a skinny, 5 ft (1,5 m) tall Egyptian like Gunga Din in Gunga Din (1939).[17][24] DeVito could not participate because of scheduling conflicts with his sitcom Taxi and because his agent wanted too much money.[4][24] Rhys-Davies was cast based on his performance in the 1980 miniseries Shōgun. Spielberg asked him to play the character as a mix of his Shōgun role and the character John Falstaff.[4][17] Ronald Lacey was cast as Toht because he reminded Spielberg of the late-actor Peter Lorre.[6] Klaus Kinski was offered the role but chose to appear in the horror film Venom (1981) because it offered more money.[6]

Rujukan

Catatan

  1. ^ Kemudian dipasarkan dengan judul Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark dan juga cukup dikenal dengan judul Raiders.[1][2][3]

Kutipan

  1. ^ Ebert, Roger (April 30, 2000). "Raiders of the Lost Ark". RogerEbert.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 23, 2020. Diakses tanggal June 4, 2007. 
  2. ^ Murthi, Vikram (October 21, 2015). "Criticwire Classic Of The Week: Steven Spielberg's 'Raiders Of The Lost Ark'". IndieWire. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 6, 2020. Diakses tanggal April 11, 2021. 
  3. ^ Ebert, Roger (September 24, 2000). "Movie Answer Man (09/24/2000)". RogerEbert.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 7, 2020. Diakses tanggal August 17, 2020. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "The Story Behind Raiders Of The Lost Ark". GamesRadar+. August 24, 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 22, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2020. 
  5. ^ a b c Schickel, Richard (June 15, 1981). "Cinema: Slam! Bang! A Movie Movie (Page 1)". Time. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal July 20, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2020. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Knolle, Sharon (June 12, 2011). "30 Things You Might Not Know About 'Raiders of the Lost Ark'". Moviefone. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 2, 2015. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2015. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Mikulec, Sven. "'Raiders of the Lost Ark': Lucas and Spielberg's Epitome of Action-Adventure Films Still Waiting to Be Surpassed". Cinephelia & Beyond. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 3, 2019. Diakses tanggal July 24, 2020. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History". Empire. April 24, 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 25, 2008. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2020. 
  9. ^ a b c Schickel, Richard (June 15, 1981). "Cinema: Slam! Bang! A Movie Movie (Page2)". Time. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal July 20, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2020. 
  10. ^ Berlin, Jeremy (May 14, 2015). "How Indiana Jones Actually Changed Archaeology". The New Republic. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal June 26, 2020. Diakses tanggal August 22, 2020. 
  11. ^ a b "Know Your MacGuffins". Empire. April 23, 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 25, 2008. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2020. 
  12. ^ Breihan, Tom (June 3, 2020). "Indiana Jones made his Nazi-punching debut in the ultimate Disneyland ride of a movie". The A.V. Club. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 26, 2020. Diakses tanggal August 1, 2020. 
  13. ^ a b c d Windolf, Jim (December 2, 2007). "Q&A: Steven Spielberg". Vanity Fair. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal February 19, 2012. Diakses tanggal December 2, 2007. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Spielberg, Steven (July 26, 2017). "Of Narrow Misses and Close Calls: Raiders of the Lost Ark — Directing". American Cinematographer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 25, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 25, 2020. 
  15. ^ a b c d e Radden Keefe, Patrick (March 25, 2013). "Spitballing Indy". The New Yorker. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal March 5, 2016. Diakses tanggal July 24, 2020. 
  16. ^ a b Maslin, Janet (June 7, 1981). "Spielberg". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal July 27, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 31, 2020. 
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History (Page 2)". Empire. April 24, 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 25, 2008. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2020. 
  18. ^ a b c d "Raiders Of The Lost Ark: An Oral History (Page 3)". Empire. April 24, 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 19, 2008. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2020. 
  19. ^ Robey, Tim (April 3, 2020). "How Indiana Jones's cheeky, thrilling Raiders of the Lost Ark heist made movie history". The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal April 5, 2020. Diakses tanggal August 1, 2020. 
  20. ^ Schickel, Richard (June 15, 1981). "Cinema: Slam! Bang! A Movie Movie (Page 4)". Time. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal July 20, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2020. 
  21. ^ a b c Hutchinson, Sean (June 12, 2016). "20 Adventurous Facts About Raiders of the Lost Ark". Mental Floss. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 17, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 24, 2020. 
  22. ^ "The Road To Extradom". The New York Times. March 22, 1981. Diarsipkan dari versi asliAkses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan tanggal July 27, 2020. Diakses tanggal July 30, 2020. 
  23. ^ Gregory Kirschling, Jeff Labrecque (March 12, 2008). "Indiana Jones: 15 Fun Facts". Entertainment Weekly. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 15, 2008. Diakses tanggal March 15, 2008. 
  24. ^ a b c d "The People Who Were Almost Cast". Empire. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 28, 2008. Diakses tanggal May 23, 2013. 

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Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981June12" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981June19" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981June26" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981July3" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981July17" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981Overall" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981Worldwide" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbersLeggiest" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheNumbers1981OutsideNA" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "THRJun14" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TheRinger" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "THRBluRay2012" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "THRCharacters" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TimeOutBest" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "timeSlambangPage3" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "timeSlambangPage5" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "TravelPulseLocations" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "UproxxLocations" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "VanityFairAdaptation" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "VanityFairToht" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "VarietyReview" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "VICETOD" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "VideoGameLego" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Vishi" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "WAPOAllen" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "WAPOInspirations" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "WeinraubNYT" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "WGAGreatest1" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.

Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "WGAGreatest2" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.

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