Mesin kepung puntiran: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tampilan
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
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; Athenaeus Mechanicus |
; Athenaeus Mechanicus |
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* [https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/36144/UBC_1969_A8%20W47.pdf?sequence=1] On Machines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων, Greek & English) |
* [https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/36144/UBC_1969_A8%20W47.pdf?sequence=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222202741/https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/36144/UBC_1969_A8%20W47.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2014-02-22 }} On Machines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων, Greek & English) |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=wYjnwRGh_acC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false] On Machines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων, Greek & Latin, partial text) |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=wYjnwRGh_acC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false] On Machines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων, Greek & Latin, partial text) |
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; Heron dari Alexandria |
; Heron dari Alexandria |
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* [http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/toc/toc.cgi?step=textonly&dir=heron_belop_093_el_1918] On Artillery (Belopoiika/Belopoeica/βελοποιικά, Greek) |
* [http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/toc/toc.cgi?step=textonly&dir=heron_belop_093_el_1918] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602132238/http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/toc/toc.cgi?step=textonly&dir=heron_belop_093_el_1918 |date=2012-06-02 }} On Artillery (Belopoiika/Belopoeica/βελοποιικά, Greek) |
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; Filon dari Bizantium |
; Filon dari Bizantium |
Revisi per 14 Mei 2021 01.14
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Roman_Onager.jpg/220px-Roman_Onager.jpg)
Mesin kepung puntiran adalah sebuah jenis artileri yang memakai puntiran untuk meluncurkan proyektil-proyektil. Alat tersebut awalnya dikembangkan oleh Yunani kuno, khususnya Philip II dari Makedonia dan Alexander Agung, dan dipakai pada Abad Pertengahan sampai pengembangan artileri bubuk meriam pada abad ke-14.
Catatan
Daftar pustaka
- Sumber primer
- Humphrey, J.W., J.P. Olson, and A.N. Sherwood. Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 1998.
- Marsden, E.W. Greek and Roman Artillery: Technical Treatises. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
- Philon of Byzantium. Philons Belopoiika (viertes Buch der Mechanik). Berlin: Verlag der Aakademie der Wissenschaften, 1919.
- Vitruvius. On Architecture. Edited and translated by Bill Thayer. Accessed April 28, 2013. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/10*.html [1].
- Sumber sekunder
- Baatz, Dietwulf. “Recent Finds of Ancient Artillery.” Britannia, 9 (1978): 1-17.
- Bachrach, Bernard S. “Medieval Siege Warfare: A Reconnaissance.” The Journal of Military History, 58 #1 (January 1994): 119-133.
- Bradbury, Jim. The Medieval Siege. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 1992.
- Chevedden, Paul E. “Artillery in Late Antiquity: Prelude to the Middle Ages,” in The Medieval City under Siege, edited by Ivy A. Corfis and Michael Wolfe, pp. 131–176. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 1995.
- Cuomo, Serafina. “The Sinews of War: Ancient Catapults.” Science, New Series, 303 #5659 (February 6, 2004): 771-772.
- DeVries, Kelly. Medieval Military Technology. Ontario: Broadview Press, 1992.
- DeVries, Kelly & Robert D. Smith. Medieval Weapons: An Illustrated History of their Impact. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 2007.
- Dufour, Guillaume. Mémoire sur l’artillerie des anciens et sur celle de Moyen Âge. Paris: Ab. Cherbuliez et Ce,1840).
- Gravett, Christophers. Medieval Siege Warfare. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, Ltd, 1990, 2003.
- Hacker, Barton C. “Greek Catapults and Catapult Technology: Science, Technology, and War in the Ancient World.” Technology and Culture, 9 #1 (January 1968): 34-50.
- Huuri, Kalervo. “Zur Geschicte de mitterlalterlichen Geschützwesens aus orientalischen Quellen,” in Societas Orientalia Fennica, Studia Orientalia 9.3 (1941): pp. 50–220.
- Johnson, Stephen. Late Roman Fortifications. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1983.
- Köhler, G. Die Entwickelung des Kriegwesens und der Kriegfürung in der Ritterseit von Mitte des II. Jahrhundert bis du Hussitenkriegen, Vol. 3. Breslau: Verlag von Wilhelm Koebner, 1890.
- Landels, J.G. Engineering in the Ancient World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
- Marsden, E.W. Greek and Roman Artillery: Historical Development. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
- Nicholson, Helen. Medieval Warfare: Theory and Practice of War in Europe, 300-1500. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
- Nossov, Konstantin. Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons: A Fully Illustrated Guide to Siege Weapons and Tactics. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2005.
- Reinschmidt, Kenneth F. “Catapults of Yore.” Science, New Series, 304 #5675 (May 28, 2004): 1247.
- Rihill, Tracey. The Catapult: A History. Yardley, PA: Wesholme Publishing, LLC, 2007.
- Rihill, Tracey. “On Artillery Towers and Catapult Sizes.” The Annual of the British School at Athens, 101 (2006): 379-383.
- Rogers, Randall. Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
- Roland, Alex. “Science, Technology, and War.” Technology and Culture, 36 #2, Supplement: Snapshots of a Discipline: Selected Proceedings from the Conference on Critical Problems and Research Frontiers in the History of Technology, Madison, Wisconsin, October 30-November 3, 1991 (April 1995): S83-100.
- Schneider, Rudolf. Die Artillerie des Mittelalters. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1910.
- Tarver, W.T.S. “The Traction Trebuchet: A Reconstruction of an Early Medieval Siege Engine.” Technology and Culture, 36 #1 (January 1995): 136-167.
- Thompson, E.A. “Early Germanic Warfare.” Past and Present, 14 (November 1958): 2-29.
Pranala luar
- Ammianus Marcellinus
- [2] On Military Matters (De Gestae, Latin)
- [3] On Military Matters (De Gestae, English)
- [4] On Military Matters (De Gestae, Latin & English)
- Athenaeus Mechanicus
- [5] Diarsipkan 2014-02-22 di Wayback Machine. On Machines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων, Greek & English)
- [6] On Machines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων, Greek & Latin, partial text)
- De rebus bellicis
- [7] Diarsipkan 2012-10-22 di Wayback Machine. De Rebus Bellicis (Latin)
- Heron dari Alexandria
- [8] Diarsipkan 2012-06-02 di Wayback Machine. On Artillery (Belopoiika/Belopoeica/βελοποιικά, Greek)
- Filon dari Bizantium
- [9] On Artillery (Belopoiika/Belopoeica/βελοποιικά, Greek & German)
- Procopius
- [10] The Wars of Justinian (Ὑπέρ τῶν πολέμων λόγοι, Greek)
- [11] The Wars of Justinian (Ὑπέρ τῶν πολέμων λόγοι, Greek)
- [12][13][14] The Wars of Justinian (De Bellis, English)
- [15] The Wars of Justinian (De Bellis, English)
- [16] The Wars of Justinian (De Bellis, English)
- Vegetius
- [17] On Military Matters (De Re Militari, Latin)
- [18] On Military Matters (De Re Militari, English)
- [19] On Military Matters (De Re Militari, English)
- Vitruvius