Lompat ke isi

Air mani: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
689.159 suntingan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8
HsfBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
1.172.010 suntingan
k +{{Authority control}}
Baris 13: Baris 13:
Semen berasal dari dua komponen: sperma dan plasma seminal. Plasma seminal, pada gilirannya, dihasilkan oleh kontribusi dari seminal vesicle, kelenjar prostat, dan bulbourethral.
Semen berasal dari dua komponen: sperma dan plasma seminal. Plasma seminal, pada gilirannya, dihasilkan oleh kontribusi dari seminal vesicle, kelenjar prostat, dan bulbourethral.


<!--Seminal plasma of humans contains a complex range of [[organic compound|organic]] and [[inorganic]] constituents.
<!--Seminal plasma of humans contains a complex range of [[organic compound|organic]] and [[inorganic]] constituents.


The seminal plasma provides a nutritive and protective medium for the spermatozoa during their journey through the female reproductive tract. The normal environment of the vagina is a hostile one for sperm cells, as it is very [[acidic]] (from the native microflora producing [[lactic acid]]), viscous, and patrolled by immune cells. The components in the seminal plasma attempt to compensate for this hostile environment. Basic [[amines]] such as [[putrescine]], [[spermine]], [[spermidine]] and [[cadaverine]] are responsible for the smell and flavor of semen. These alkaline bases counteract the acidic environment of the vaginal canal, and protect [[DNA]] inside the sperm from acidic denaturation.
The seminal plasma provides a nutritive and protective medium for the spermatozoa during their journey through the female reproductive tract. The normal environment of the vagina is a hostile one for sperm cells, as it is very [[acidic]] (from the native microflora producing [[lactic acid]]), viscous, and patrolled by immune cells. The components in the seminal plasma attempt to compensate for this hostile environment. Basic [[amines]] such as [[putrescine]], [[spermine]], [[spermidine]] and [[cadaverine]] are responsible for the smell and flavor of semen. These alkaline bases counteract the acidic environment of the vaginal canal, and protect [[DNA]] inside the sperm from acidic denaturation.


The components and contributions of semen are as follows:
The components and contributions of semen are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Baris 44: Baris 44:
===Appearance and consistency of human semen===
===Appearance and consistency of human semen===
[[Berkas:Semen2.jpg|thumb|Human semen shortly after ejaculation. The clear areas (which appear black or brown due to the dark background) have begun to undergo liquefaction]]
[[Berkas:Semen2.jpg|thumb|Human semen shortly after ejaculation. The clear areas (which appear black or brown due to the dark background) have begun to undergo liquefaction]]
Most semen is white in color, but grey or even yellowish semen can be normal as well. Blood in the semen can cause a pink or reddish color and should be checked out by a doctor.
Most semen is white in color, but grey or even yellowish semen can be normal as well. Blood in the semen can cause a pink or reddish color and should be checked out by a doctor.


After ejaculation, semen first goes through a clotting process and then becomes more liquid. It is theorized that the initial clotting helps keep the semen in the vaginal canal, but liquefaction frees the sperm to make their longer journey to the ova. Immediately after ejaculation semen is typically a sticky, jelly-like liquid often forming globules. Within 5 to 40 minutes it will become more watery and liquid before finally drying.<ref>{{cite web
After ejaculation, semen first goes through a clotting process and then becomes more liquid. It is theorized that the initial clotting helps keep the semen in the vaginal canal, but liquefaction frees the sperm to make their longer journey to the ova. Immediately after ejaculation semen is typically a sticky, jelly-like liquid often forming globules. Within 5 to 40 minutes it will become more watery and liquid before finally drying.<ref>{{cite web
Baris 54: Baris 54:


===Semen and transmission of disease===
===Semen and transmission of disease===
The semen of a disease-free individual is harmless on the [[skin]]. However, semen can be the vehicle for many [[sexually transmitted diseases]], including [[HIV]], the [[virus]] that causes [[AIDS]].
The semen of a disease-free individual is harmless on the [[skin]]. However, semen can be the vehicle for many [[sexually transmitted diseases]], including [[HIV]], the [[virus]] that causes [[AIDS]].


It is also hypothesized that components of semen, such as the [[spermatozoa]] as well as the seminal [[blood plasma|plasma]], can cause [[immunosuppression]] in the body when introduced to the [[bloodstream]] or [[lymph]]. Evidence for this dates back to [[1898]], when [[Elie Metchnikoff]] injected a [[guinea pig]] with its own and foreign guinea pig sperm, finding that an [[antibody]] was produced in response; however the antibody was inactive, pointing to a suppression response by the [[immune system]].
It is also hypothesized that components of semen, such as the [[spermatozoa]] as well as the seminal [[blood plasma|plasma]], can cause [[immunosuppression]] in the body when introduced to the [[bloodstream]] or [[lymph]]. Evidence for this dates back to [[1898]], when [[Elie Metchnikoff]] injected a [[guinea pig]] with its own and foreign guinea pig sperm, finding that an [[antibody]] was produced in response; however the antibody was inactive, pointing to a suppression response by the [[immune system]].


Further research, such as that by S. Mathur and J.M. Goust, demonstrated that non-preexisting antibodies were produced in humans in response to the sperm. These antibodies mistakenly recognized native [[T lymphocytes]] as ''foreign'' [[antigens]], and consequently the T lymphocytes would fall under attack by the body's [[B lymphocytes]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Mathur S, Goust J, Williamson H, Fudenberg H | title = Cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocyte antigens. | journal = Am J Reprod Immunol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 113-8 | year = 1981 | id = PMID 6175235}}</ref>
Further research, such as that by S. Mathur and J.M. Goust, demonstrated that non-preexisting antibodies were produced in humans in response to the sperm. These antibodies mistakenly recognized native [[T lymphocytes]] as ''foreign'' [[antigens]], and consequently the T lymphocytes would fall under attack by the body's [[B lymphocytes]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Mathur S, Goust J, Williamson H, Fudenberg H | title = Cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocyte antigens. | journal = Am J Reprod Immunol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 113-8 | year = 1981 | id = PMID 6175235}}</ref>
Baris 69: Baris 69:


===Semen allergy===
===Semen allergy===
In rare cases people have been known to experience allergic reactions to seminal fluids, known as human seminal plasma [[hypersensitivity]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Guillet G, Dagregorio G, Guillet M | title = [Vulvar contact dermatitis due to seminal allergy: 3 cases] | journal = Ann Dermatol Venereol | volume = 132 | issue = 2 | pages = 123-5 | year = 2005 | id = PMID 15798560}}</ref> Symptoms can be either localized or systemic, and may include vaginal itching, redness, swelling, or blisters within 30 minutes of contact. They may also include generalized itching, [[hives]], and even difficulty breathing.
In rare cases people have been known to experience allergic reactions to seminal fluids, known as human seminal plasma [[hypersensitivity]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Guillet G, Dagregorio G, Guillet M | title = [Vulvar contact dermatitis due to seminal allergy: 3 cases] | journal = Ann Dermatol Venereol | volume = 132 | issue = 2 | pages = 123-5 | year = 2005 | id = PMID 15798560}}</ref> Symptoms can be either localized or systemic, and may include vaginal itching, redness, swelling, or blisters within 30 minutes of contact. They may also include generalized itching, [[hives]], and even difficulty breathing.


The best way to test for human seminal plasma sensitivity is to use a [[condom]] during intercourse. If symptoms dissipate with the use of a condom, it is possible that a sensitivity to semen is present. Mild cases of semen [[allergy]] can often be overcome by repeated exposure to seminal fluid.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Weidinger S, Ring J, Köhn F | title = IgE-mediated allergy against human seminal plasma. | journal = Chem Immunol Allergy | volume = 88 | issue = | pages = 128-38 | year = | id = PMID 16129942}}</ref> In more severe cases, it is important to seek the advice of a physician, particularly in the event that a couple is trying to conceive, in which case, [[artificial insemination]] may be indicated.
The best way to test for human seminal plasma sensitivity is to use a [[condom]] during intercourse. If symptoms dissipate with the use of a condom, it is possible that a sensitivity to semen is present. Mild cases of semen [[allergy]] can often be overcome by repeated exposure to seminal fluid.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Weidinger S, Ring J, Köhn F | title = IgE-mediated allergy against human seminal plasma. | journal = Chem Immunol Allergy | volume = 88 | issue = | pages = 128-38 | year = | id = PMID 16129942}}</ref> In more severe cases, it is important to seek the advice of a physician, particularly in the event that a couple is trying to conceive, in which case, [[artificial insemination]] may be indicated.
Baris 103: Baris 103:
At one time, it was believed that a woman’s menstrual blood formed the human soul and that mothers, therefore, were the source of the souls that animated their children.
At one time, it was believed that a woman’s menstrual blood formed the human soul and that mothers, therefore, were the source of the souls that animated their children.


[[Dew]] was once thought to be a sort of rain that fertilized the earth and, in time, became a metaphor for semen. The [[Bible]] employs the term “dew” in this sense in such verses as [[Song of Solomon]] 5:2 and [[Psalm]] 110:3, declaring, in the latter verse, for example, that the people should follow only a king who was virile enough to be full of the “dew” of youth.
[[Dew]] was once thought to be a sort of rain that fertilized the earth and, in time, became a metaphor for semen. The [[Bible]] employs the term “dew” in this sense in such verses as [[Song of Solomon]] 5:2 and [[Psalm]] 110:3, declaring, in the latter verse, for example, that the people should follow only a king who was virile enough to be full of the “dew” of youth.


It was widely believed, in ancient times, that gemstones were drops of divine semen which had coagulated after having fertilized the earth. There is an ancient Chinese belief that [[jade]], in particular, was the dried semen of the celestial dragon.
It was widely believed, in ancient times, that gemstones were drops of divine semen which had coagulated after having fertilized the earth. There is an ancient Chinese belief that [[jade]], in particular, was the dried semen of the celestial dragon.
Baris 158: Baris 158:


<!--===Semen in popular culture===
<!--===Semen in popular culture===
Depiction of semen in art and [[popular culture]] has, for a long time, been considered a [[taboo]] subject.
Depiction of semen in art and [[popular culture]] has, for a long time, been considered a [[taboo]] subject.


[[Andres Serrano]], whose photos depict bodily fluids such as "Blood and Semen II" (Semen y Sangre II) (1990), became a controversial figure for featuring semen in his work. He was criticized by some for producing offensive art, while others defended him in the name of [[artistic freedom]].<ref>http://www.studentbmj.com/issues/01/12/reviews/481.php</ref> His photos were featured on the cover art of two [[Metallica]] albums, [[Load (album)|Load]] and [[ReLoad (album)|ReLoad]], which feature images made by shining light through a piece of clear plastic on which semen, blood and urine have been splattered and swirled around.
[[Andres Serrano]], whose photos depict bodily fluids such as "Blood and Semen II" (Semen y Sangre II) (1990), became a controversial figure for featuring semen in his work. He was criticized by some for producing offensive art, while others defended him in the name of [[artistic freedom]].<ref>http://www.studentbmj.com/issues/01/12/reviews/481.php</ref> His photos were featured on the cover art of two [[Metallica]] albums, [[Load (album)|Load]] and [[ReLoad (album)|ReLoad]], which feature images made by shining light through a piece of clear plastic on which semen, blood and urine have been splattered and swirled around.
Baris 186: Baris 186:
* [http://www.jackinworld.com/library/science/semcomp.html simple article about sperm contents]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.jackinworld.com/library/science/semcomp.html simple article about sperm contents]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2002/8/5/71044/01543 Article about semen addiction]
* [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2002/8/5/71044/01543 Article about semen addiction]

{{Authority control}}


[[Kategori:Andrologi]]
[[Kategori:Andrologi]]

Revisi per 8 Juli 2021 06.38

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat semen dan Semen (disambiguasi).
Semen manusia.

Semen, sehari-hari disebut pula mani, air mani, cairan putih, atau pejuh, adalah cairan yang membawa sel-sel sperma yang dikeluarkan oleh organ-organ seksual jantan. Fungsi utama semen adalah untuk mengantarkan sel-sel sperma untuk membuahi sel telur yang dihasilkan oleh individu betina. Proses pengeluaran semen dalam situasi normal disebut ejakulasi.

Aspek-aspek fisiologis

Pembuahan internal dan eksternal

Tergantung pada spesiesnya, spermatozoa dapat menyuburkan sel telur secara eksternal ataupun internal. Dalam pembuahan eksternal, spermatozoa menyuburkan sel telur secara langsung, di luar organ-organ seksual si betina. Ikan betina, misalnya, menebarkan ovumnya ke lingkungan akuatiknya, yang kemudian dibuahi oleh air mani dari ikan jantan.

Namun dalam pembuahan internal, pembuahan terjadi di dalam organ-organ seksual pihak perempuan/betina. Pembuahan internal terjadi setelah inseminasi pihak perempuan/betina oleh pihak lelaki/jantan melalui kopulasi. Di kalangan binatang bertulang belakang yang rendah (amfibi, reptil, burung dan mamalia monotrem), kopulasi dicapai melalui kloaka jantan dan betina. Di kalangan hewan berkantung (marsupial) dan mamalia plasental, kopulasi berlangsung melalui vagina.

Komposisi semen manusia

Semen berasal dari dua komponen: sperma dan plasma seminal. Plasma seminal, pada gilirannya, dihasilkan oleh kontribusi dari seminal vesicle, kelenjar prostat, dan bulbourethral.


Lihat pula

cairan semen yang tidak terpengaruh terhadap asam

Rujukan

Pranala luar

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Air_mani&oldid=18628092"