Tughril: Perbedaan antara revisi
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* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Bosworth|first1=C.E.|year=2000a|title=Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l (I) Beg|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/toghril-i-beg-SIM_7578| encyclopedia = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. }} |
* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Bosworth|first1=C.E.|year=2000a|title=Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l (I) Beg|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/toghril-i-beg-SIM_7578| encyclopedia = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Bosworth|first1=C.E.|year=2000b|title=Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/toghril-SIM_7577| encyclopedia = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. }} |
* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Bosworth|first1=C.E.|year=2000b|title=Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/toghril-SIM_7577| encyclopedia = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. }} |
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* {{cite book | last=Lambton | first=A.K.S. | title=Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia | publisher=Bibliotheca Persica | series=Bibliotheca Persica | year=1988 | isbn=978-0-88706-133-2}} |
* {{cite book | last=Lambton | first=A.K.S. | title=Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia | url=https://archive.org/details/continuitychange0000lamb | publisher=Bibliotheca Persica | series=Bibliotheca Persica | year=1988 | isbn=978-0-88706-133-2}} |
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* {{EI2|last=Makdisi|first=G.|volume=5|title=al-Kundurī|pages=387–388|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-kunduri-SIM_4519}} |
* {{EI2|last=Makdisi|first=G.|volume=5|title=al-Kundurī|pages=387–388|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-kunduri-SIM_4519}} |
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* {{cite book | title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |last=Minorsky |first=V.| chapter=Tabriz |publisher=Brill |year=2000 }} |
* {{cite book | title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |last=Minorsky |first=V.| chapter=Tabriz |publisher=Brill |year=2000 }} |
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Revisi per 10 Oktober 2021 05.32
| Tughril | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) Potret Tughril pada mata uang kertas Turkmenistan | |||||
| Sultan Kekaisaran Seljuk | |||||
| Berkuasa | 1037 – 4 Oktober 1063 | ||||
| Pendahulu | Jabatan dibentuk | ||||
| Penerus | Alp Arslan | ||||
| Kelahiran | ca 993 Stepa Asia Tengah | ||||
| Kematian | 4 Oktober 1063 (usia 70) Ray, Jibal, Kekaisaran Seljuk | ||||
| Pemakaman | |||||
| Pasangan | Templat:Unbulletedlist | ||||
| Keturunan | Tidak ada | ||||
| |||||
| Wangsa | Seljuk | ||||
| Ayah | Mikail | ||||
| Agama | Islam Sunni | ||||
Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il (bahasa Persia: ابوطالب محمد تغریل بن میکائیل), yang lebih dikenal sebagai Tughril (طغریل; juga disebut Toghril), adalah seorang pemimpin Turkoman.[3][4] Ia membentuk Kekaisaran Seljuk, dan berkuasa dari 1037 sampai 1063.
Referensi
- ^ a b c Faruk Sümer. "TUĞRUL BEY es-Sultânü'l-muazzam Şâhânşâh Rüknüddîn Ebû Tâlib Tuğrul Bey Muhammed b. Mîkâîl b. Selçuk (ö. 455/1063) Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin ilk hükümdarı (1040-1063).". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi.
- ^ a b c "THE SELJUKS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS: IRAN AND CENTRAL ASIA, C.1040-1250 Coin no. 2 of 14".
Two years later he entered Baghdad a second time, and was given the laqab Rukn al-Dawla (“Pillar of the State”) and the title malik al-mashriq wa’l-maghrib (“King of the East and the West”), which allowed him to be addressed as sultan.
- ^ Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia..."
- ^ Fleet, Kate (2009). The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1."The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire.
Sumber
- Bosworth, C. E. (1975a). "The early Ghaznavids". Dalam Frye, R. N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 162–198. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
- Bosworth, C. E. (1975b). "Iran under the Buyids". Dalam Frye, R. N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 250–305. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
- Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". Dalam Frye, R. N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
- Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". Dalam Frye, R. N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 198–249. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
- Bosworth, C.E. (2000a). "Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l (I) Beg". The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- Bosworth, C.E. (2000b). "Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l". The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- Lambton, A.K.S. (1988). Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia. Bibliotheca Persica. Bibliotheca Persica. ISBN 978-0-88706-133-2.
- Makdisi, G. (1986). "al-Kundurī"
. Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume V: Khe–Mahi (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 387–388. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2. - Minorsky, V. (2000). "Tabriz". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill.
- Van Donzel, E. J., ed. (1994). Islamic Desk Reference
. E.J. Brill. - Peacock, A. C. S. (2015). The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 1–378. ISBN 978-0-7486-3826-0.
- Peacock, Andrew (2017). "Rawwadids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition. New York.
- Spuler, Bertold (2014). Iran in the Early Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-28209-4.
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