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Revisi per 6 Desember 2021 01.45

Gambar 1. Diagram kotak garis data percobaan Michelson–Morley yang menampilkan empat pencilan di kolom ketiga dan satu pencilan di kolom pertama.

Dalam ilmu statistika, sebuah pencilan adalah titik data yang terpaut jauh dari titik data lainnya.^[1]^[2] Pencilan kemungkinan dapat berasal dari variabilitas pengukuran atau galat percobaan. Pencilan akibat galat sering kali diabaikan.^[3] Pencilan dapat mengakibatkan masalah serius dalam analisis statistik.

Referensi

^ Grubbs, F. E. (February 1969). "Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples". Technometrics. 11 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/00401706.1969.10490657. An outlying observation, or "outlier," is one that appears to deviate markedly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.
^ Maddala, G. S. (1992). "Outliers". Introduction to Econometrics (edisi ke-2nd). New York: MacMillan. hlm. 89. ISBN 978-0-02-374545-4. An outlier is an observation that is far removed from the rest of the observations.
^ Grubbs 1969, hlm. 1 mengatakan "An outlying observation may be merely an extreme manifestation of the random variability inherent in the data. ... On the other hand, an outlying observation may be the result of gross deviation from prescribed experimental procedure or an error in calculating or recording the numerical value."

Pranala luar

(Inggris) Renze, John. "Pencilan". MathWorld.
Balakrishnan, N.; Childs, A. (2001) [1994], "Outlier", dalam Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4
Grubbs test described by NIST manual

Artikel bertopik matematika ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] Grubbs, F. E. (February 1969). "Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples". Technometrics. 11 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/00401706.1969.10490657. An outlying observation, or "outlier," is one that appears to deviate markedly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.

[2] Maddala, G. S. (1992). "Outliers". Introduction to Econometrics (edisi ke-2nd). New York: MacMillan. hlm. 89. ISBN 978-0-02-374545-4. An outlier is an observation that is far removed from the rest of the observations.

[3] Grubbs 1969, hlm. 1 mengatakan "An outlying observation may be merely an extreme manifestation of the random variability inherent in the data. ... On the other hand, an outlying observation may be the result of gross deviation from prescribed experimental procedure or an error in calculating or recording the numerical value."

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{Short description|titik data yang terpaut jauh dari lainnya dalam ilmu statistik dan data}}
 [[Berkas:Michelsonmorley-boxplot.svg|thumb|Gambar 1. [[Diagram kotak garis]] data [[percobaan Michelson–Morley]] yang menampilkan empat pencilan di kolom ketiga dan satu pencilan di kolom pertama.]]
-Dalam ilmu [[statistika]], sebuah '''pencilan''' adalah [[titik data]] yang terpaut jauh dari titik data lainnya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grubbs |first=F. E. |date=February 1969 |title=Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples |journal=Technometrics |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |doi= 10.1080/00401706.1969.10490657|quote=An outlying observation, or "outlier," is one that appears to deviate markedly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Maddala |first=G. S. |author-link=G. S. Maddala |chapter=Outliers |title=Introduction to Econometrics |location=New York |publisher=MacMillan |edition=2nd |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-02-374545-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec00madd/page/89 89] |quote=An outlier is an observation that is far removed from the rest of the observations. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBS3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA89 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec00madd/page/89 }}</ref> Pencilan kemungkinan dapat berasal dari variabilitas pengukuran atau [[galat]] percobaan. Pencilan akibat galat seringkali diabaikan.<ref>{{harvnb|Grubbs|1969|p=1}} mengatakan "An outlying observation may be merely an extreme manifestation of the random variability inherent in the data. ... On the other hand, an outlying observation may be the result of gross deviation from prescribed experimental procedure or an error in calculating or recording the numerical value."</ref> Pencilan dapat mengakibatkan masalah serius dalam analisis statistik.
+Dalam ilmu [[statistika]], sebuah '''pencilan''' adalah [[titik data]] yang terpaut jauh dari titik data lainnya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grubbs |first=F. E. |date=February 1969 |title=Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples |journal=Technometrics |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |doi= 10.1080/00401706.1969.10490657|quote=An outlying observation, or "outlier," is one that appears to deviate markedly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Maddala |first=G. S. |author-link=G. S. Maddala |chapter=Outliers |title=Introduction to Econometrics |location=New York |publisher=MacMillan |edition=2nd |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-02-374545-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec00madd/page/89 89] |quote=An outlier is an observation that is far removed from the rest of the observations. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBS3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA89 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec00madd/page/89 }}</ref> Pencilan kemungkinan dapat berasal dari variabilitas pengukuran atau [[galat]] percobaan. Pencilan akibat galat sering kali diabaikan.<ref>{{harvnb|Grubbs|1969|p=1}} mengatakan "An outlying observation may be merely an extreme manifestation of the random variability inherent in the data. ... On the other hand, an outlying observation may be the result of gross deviation from prescribed experimental procedure or an error in calculating or recording the numerical value."</ref> Pencilan dapat mengakibatkan masalah serius dalam analisis statistik.
 == Referensi ==

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman)
Perpustakaan nasional	Prancis (data) Amerika Serikat
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