Reaktor Grafit X-10: Perbedaan antara revisi
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* {{cite book |last=Compton |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Compton |year=1956 |title=Atomic Quest |url=https://archive.org/details/atomicquestperso0000comp |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |oclc=173307 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |last=Compton |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Compton |year=1956 |title=Atomic Quest |url=https://archive.org/details/atomicquestperso0000comp |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |oclc=173307 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Creager|first=Angela N. H. |title=Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdpAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|year=2013|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-01794-5 |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last=Creager|first=Angela N. H. |title=Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdpAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|year=2013|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-01794-5 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Fine |first=Lenore |last2=Remington |first2=Jesse A. |title=The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |
* {{cite book |last=Fine |first=Lenore |last2=Remington |first2=Jesse A. |title=The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-5/CMH_Pub_10-5.pdf |accessdate=August 25, 2013 |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1972 |oclc=834187 |ref=harv |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201142645/https://history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-5/CMH_Pub_10-5.pdf |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Gerber |first=Michele |title=Plutonium Production Story at the Hanford Site: Processes and Facilities History |date=June 1996 |id=HC-MR-0521 |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=68435718 |publisher=[[United States Department of Energy]] |url=https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/664389-jAx4J1/webviewable/PlutoniumproductionstoryattheHanfordsite:processesandfacilitieshistory.pdf |access-date=17 April 2017 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Gerber |first=Michele |title=Plutonium Production Story at the Hanford Site: Processes and Facilities History |date=June 1996 |id=HC-MR-0521 |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=68435718 |publisher=[[United States Department of Energy]] |url=https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/664389-jAx4J1/webviewable/PlutoniumproductionstoryattheHanfordsite:processesandfacilitieshistory.pdf |access-date=17 April 2017 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Gowing |first=Margaret |authorlink=Margaret Gowing |last2=Arnold |first2=Lorna |authorlink2=Lorna Arnold |title=Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy 1945–52, Volume II: Policy Execution |location=London |year=1974 |publisher=Macmillan |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Gowing |first=Margaret |authorlink=Margaret Gowing |last2=Arnold |first2=Lorna |authorlink2=Lorna Arnold |title=Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy 1945–52, Volume II: Policy Execution |location=London |year=1974 |publisher=Macmillan |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Hoddeson |first=Lillian |first2=Paul W. |last2=Henriksen |first3=Roger A. |last3=Meade |first4=Catherine L. |last4=Westfall |title=Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945 |location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-521-44132-2|oclc=26764320|ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Hoddeson |first=Lillian |first2=Paul W. |last2=Henriksen |first3=Roger A. |last3=Meade |first4=Catherine L. |last4=Westfall |title=Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945 |location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-521-44132-2|oclc=26764320|ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Holl |first=Jack M. |title=Argonne National Laboratory, 1946–96 |first2=Richard G. |last2=Hewlett |authorlink2=Richard G. Hewlett |first3=Ruth R. |last3=Harris |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Illinois |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-252-02341-5 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Holl |first=Jack M. |title=Argonne National Laboratory, 1946–96 |first2=Richard G. |last2=Hewlett |authorlink2=Richard G. Hewlett |first3=Ruth R. |last3=Harris |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Illinois |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-252-02341-5 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Vincent |title=Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1985 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf |accessdate=25 August 2013|oclc=10913875 |ref=harv }} |
* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Vincent |title=Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1985 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf |accessdate=25 August 2013 |oclc=10913875 |ref=harv |archive-date=2014-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007074359/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite book |url=http://www.osti.gov/includes/opennet/includes/MED_scans/Book%20IV%20-%20%20Pile%20Project%20X-10%20-%20Volume%202%20-%20Research%20-%20Part%20II.pdf |author=Manhattan District |title=Manhattan District History, Book IV, Volume 2 – Pile Project X-10 – Clinton Laboratories |publisher=Manhattan District |year=1947 |location=Washington, D.C. |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book |url=http://www.osti.gov/includes/opennet/includes/MED_scans/Book%20IV%20-%20%20Pile%20Project%20X-10%20-%20Volume%202%20-%20Research%20-%20Part%20II.pdf |author=Manhattan District |title=Manhattan District History, Book IV, Volume 2 – Pile Project X-10 – Clinton Laboratories |publisher=Manhattan District |year=1947 |location=Washington, D.C. |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|author=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |year=1963 |title=ONRL Graphite Reactor |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1963/3445605702923.pdf |accessdate=December 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211214401/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1963/3445605702923.pdf |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |df= }} |
* {{cite book|author=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |year=1963 |title=ONRL Graphite Reactor |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1963/3445605702923.pdf |accessdate=December 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211214401/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1963/3445605702923.pdf |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |df= }} |
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Revisi per 31 Desember 2021 13.20
Reaktor Grafit X-10, terletak di Laboratorium Nasional Oak Ridge di Oak Ridge, Tenessee adalah reaktor nuklir buatan kedua yang pernah dibuat (setelah Reaktor CP-1 milik Enrico Fermi), dan reaktor pertama yang dirancang dan dibangun untuk operasi terus-menerus. Reaktor ini dibuat saat berkobarnya Perang Dunia II, sebagai bagian Proyek Manhattan.
Referensi
- Arnold, Lorna (1992). Windscale 1957: Anatomy of a Nuclear Accident. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-65036-3.
- Anderson, Herbert L. (1975). "Assisting Fermi". Dalam Wilson, Jane. All In Our Time: The Reminiscences of Twelve Nuclear Pioneers. Chicago: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. hlm. 66–104. OCLC 1982052.
- Buch, Pierre; Vandenlinden, Jacques (1995). L'uranium, la Belgique et les puissances: marché de dupes, ou, chef d'œuvre diplomatique? (dalam bahasa Prancis). De Boeck Supérieur. hlm. 120. ISBN 978-2-8041-1993-5.
- Compton, Arthur (1956). Atomic Quest. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 173307.
- Creager, Angela N. H. (2013). Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-01794-5.
- Fine, Lenore; Remington, Jesse A. (1972). The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 834187. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-02-01. Diakses tanggal August 25, 2013.
- Gerber, Michele (June 1996). Plutonium Production Story at the Hanford Site: Processes and Facilities History (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Energy. OCLC 68435718. HC-MR-0521. Diakses tanggal 17 April 2017.
- Gowing, Margaret; Arnold, Lorna (1974). Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy 1945–52, Volume II: Policy Execution. London: Macmillan.
- Hewlett, Richard G.; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). The New World, 1939–1946 (PDF). University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07186-5. OCLC 637004643. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2013.
- Hill, C. N. (2013). An Atomic Empire : a Technical History of the Rise and Fall of the British Atomic Energy Programme. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-908977-41-0. OCLC 857066061.
- Hoddeson, Lillian; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; Westfall, Catherine L. (1993). Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44132-2. OCLC 26764320.
- Holl, Jack M.; Hewlett, Richard G.; Harris, Ruth R. (1997). Argonne National Laboratory, 1946–96. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-02341-5.
- Jones, Vincent (1985). Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 10913875. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-10-07. Diakses tanggal 25 August 2013.
- Manhattan District (1947). Manhattan District History, Book IV, Volume 2 – Pile Project X-10 – Clinton Laboratories (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Manhattan District.
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1963). ONRL Graphite Reactor (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal February 11, 2017. Diakses tanggal December 13, 2015.
- Rhodes, Richard (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-44133-3.
- Salvetti, Carlo (2001). "The Birth of Nuclear Energy: Fermi's Pile". Dalam Bernardini, C.; Bonolis, Luisa. Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy. Bologna: Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer. hlm. 177–203. ISBN 978-88-7438-015-2. OCLC 56686431.
- Smyth, Henry DeWolf (1945). Atomic Energy for Military Purposes; the Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940–1945. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1722-9.
- Snell, Arthur H.; Weinberg, Alvin M. (1964). "History and accomplishments of the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor". Physics Today. 17 (8): 32. Bibcode:1964PhT....17h..32S. doi:10.1063/1.3051739. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Weinberg, Alvin (1994). The First Nuclear Era: The Life and Times of a Technological Fixer. New York: AIP Press. ISBN 978-1-56396-358-2.