Lompat ke isi

Raktopamin: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
693.909 suntingan
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
693.909 suntingan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6
Baris 47: Baris 47:


'''Raktopamin''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ae|k|'|t|Q|p|@|m|ai|n|,_|-|m|iː|n}}) adalah sebuah [[tambahan pakan]] hewan yang dipakaikan terhadap hewan-hewan ternak di berbagai negara, namun dilarang di negara lainnya.<ref name="TAAR1" /><ref name="Adrenoceptor">{{cite journal|last1=Colbert|first1=WE|last2=Williams|first2=PD|last3=Williams|first3=GD|title=Beta-adrenoceptor Profile of Ractopamine HCl in Isolated Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Tissues of Rat and Guinea-pig|journal=The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology|date=December 1991|volume=43|issue=12|pages=844–7|pmid=1687583|doi=10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03192.x|s2cid=95388599}}</ref>
'''Raktopamin''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ae|k|'|t|Q|p|@|m|ai|n|,_|-|m|iː|n}}) adalah sebuah [[tambahan pakan]] hewan yang dipakaikan terhadap hewan-hewan ternak di berbagai negara, namun dilarang di negara lainnya.<ref name="TAAR1" /><ref name="Adrenoceptor">{{cite journal|last1=Colbert|first1=WE|last2=Williams|first2=PD|last3=Williams|first3=GD|title=Beta-adrenoceptor Profile of Ractopamine HCl in Isolated Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Tissues of Rat and Guinea-pig|journal=The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology|date=December 1991|volume=43|issue=12|pages=844–7|pmid=1687583|doi=10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03192.x|s2cid=95388599}}</ref>
Pakan tersebut umum dipakaikan ke hewan untuk produksi daging sebagai '''raktopamin hidroklorida'''.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=30785370|year=2019|last1=Aroeira|first1=C. N.|title=Determination of ractopamine residue in tissues and urine from pig fed meat and bone meal|journal=Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment|volume=36|issue=3|pages=424–433|last2=Feddern|first2=V.|last3=Gressler|first3=V.|last4=Molognoni|first4=L.|last5=Daguer|first5=H.|last6=Dalla Costa|first6=O. A.|author7=de Lima GJMM|last8=Contreras-Castillo|first8=C. J.|doi=10.1080/19440049.2019.1567942|s2cid=73496591}}</ref> Pakat tersebut adalah bahan aktif dalam produk-produk yang dipasarkan di AS dengan merek '''Paylean''' untuk babi, '''Optaflexx''' untuk sapi, dan '''Topmax'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vetlabel.com/lib/vet/meds/topmax/|title=Topmax - Elanco Animal Health Co: Veterinary Package Insert|first=Elanco Animal Health|last=Co|website=VetLabel.com}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> untuk kalkun.<ref name=blb>{{cite news |last1=LE BIZEC |first1=Bruno |title=A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF WADA PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY |url=https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/bruno_le_bizec_animal_husbandry_symposium_oct2017.pdf |publisher=WADA |date=October 2017}}</ref> Pakan tersebut dikembangkan oleh [[Elanco Animal Health]], sebuah divisi dari [[Eli Lilly and Company]].
Pakan tersebut umum dipakaikan ke hewan untuk produksi daging sebagai '''raktopamin hidroklorida'''.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=30785370|year=2019|last1=Aroeira|first1=C. N.|title=Determination of ractopamine residue in tissues and urine from pig fed meat and bone meal|journal=Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment|volume=36|issue=3|pages=424–433|last2=Feddern|first2=V.|last3=Gressler|first3=V.|last4=Molognoni|first4=L.|last5=Daguer|first5=H.|last6=Dalla Costa|first6=O. A.|author7=de Lima GJMM|last8=Contreras-Castillo|first8=C. J.|doi=10.1080/19440049.2019.1567942|s2cid=73496591}}</ref> Pakat tersebut adalah bahan aktif dalam produk-produk yang dipasarkan di AS dengan merek '''Paylean''' untuk babi, '''Optaflexx''' untuk sapi, dan '''Topmax'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vetlabel.com/lib/vet/meds/topmax/|title=Topmax - Elanco Animal Health Co: Veterinary Package Insert|first=Elanco Animal Health|last=Co|website=VetLabel.com}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> untuk kalkun.<ref name=blb>{{cite news |last1=LE BIZEC |first1=Bruno |title=A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF WADA PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY |url=https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/bruno_le_bizec_animal_husbandry_symposium_oct2017.pdf |publisher=WADA |date=October 2017 |access-date=2021-08-21 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821010703/https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/bruno_le_bizec_animal_husbandry_symposium_oct2017.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pakan tersebut dikembangkan oleh [[Elanco Animal Health]], sebuah divisi dari [[Eli Lilly and Company]].


Pada 2014, pemakaian raktopamin dilarang di 160 negara,<ref name=lswp>{{cite news |last1=Pacelle |first1=Wayne |title=Banned in 160 Nations, Why is Ractopamine in U.S. Pork? (Op-Ed) |url=https://www.livescience.com/47032-time-for-us-to-ban-ractopamine.html |agency=Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights |publisher=Live Science |date=July 2014}}</ref> yang meliputi [[Uni Eropa]], [[Tiongkok]] dan [[Rusia]],<ref name=msnbc20120125>{{cite news|last=Bottemiller|first=Helena|title=Dispute over drug in feed limiting US meat exports|url=http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/25/10220221-dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-us-meat-exports|newspaper=Bottom Line|date=January 25, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126130028/http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/25/10220221-dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-us-meat-exports|archive-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Garina>{{cite web|last=Garina|first=Anastasia|title=Russia throws poisonous meat back to US|date=11 December 2012|url=http://english.pravda.ru/business/companies/11-12-2012/123129-russia_usa_meat_imports-0/|publisher=Pravda.ru|access-date=14 December 2012}}</ref> sementara 27 negara lainnya, seperti [[Jepang]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Korea Selatan]] dan [[Selandia Baru]] menganggap daging dari ternak yang dipakankan dengan raktopamin aman untuk konsumsi manusia.<ref name="American Institute in Taiwan">{{cite web |title=The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine |url=http://www.ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html |publisher=American Institute in Taiwan |access-date=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510180250/http://ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html |archive-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>[https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html AIT- American Institute in Taiwan: 'The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine' (archived)] Accessed January 21, 2018</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/hsno-ar/HSR05114/HSR05114.doc|title=Environmental Risk Management Authority Decision - Application HSR05114 "PAYLEAN: to import and release this granular premix for use as a feed additive for pigs "|last=Environmental Risk Management Authority|date=22 August 2006|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>
Pada 2014, pemakaian raktopamin dilarang di 160 negara,<ref name=lswp>{{cite news |last1=Pacelle |first1=Wayne |title=Banned in 160 Nations, Why is Ractopamine in U.S. Pork? (Op-Ed) |url=https://www.livescience.com/47032-time-for-us-to-ban-ractopamine.html |agency=Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights |publisher=Live Science |date=July 2014}}</ref> yang meliputi [[Uni Eropa]], [[Tiongkok]] dan [[Rusia]],<ref name=msnbc20120125>{{cite news|last=Bottemiller|first=Helena|title=Dispute over drug in feed limiting US meat exports|url=http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/25/10220221-dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-us-meat-exports|newspaper=Bottom Line|date=January 25, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126130028/http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/25/10220221-dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-us-meat-exports|archive-date=January 26, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Garina>{{cite web|last=Garina|first=Anastasia|title=Russia throws poisonous meat back to US|date=11 December 2012|url=http://english.pravda.ru/business/companies/11-12-2012/123129-russia_usa_meat_imports-0/|publisher=Pravda.ru|access-date=14 December 2012}}</ref> sementara 27 negara lainnya, seperti [[Jepang]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Korea Selatan]] dan [[Selandia Baru]] menganggap daging dari ternak yang dipakankan dengan raktopamin aman untuk konsumsi manusia.<ref name="American Institute in Taiwan">{{cite web |title=The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine |url=http://www.ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html |publisher=American Institute in Taiwan |access-date=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510180250/http://ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html |archive-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>[https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html AIT- American Institute in Taiwan: 'The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine' (archived)] Accessed January 21, 2018</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/hsno-ar/HSR05114/HSR05114.doc|title=Environmental Risk Management Authority Decision - Application HSR05114 "PAYLEAN: to import and release this granular premix for use as a feed additive for pigs "|last=Environmental Risk Management Authority|date=22 August 2006|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>

Revisi per 27 Maret 2022 15.17

Raktopamin
Nama
Nama IUPAC (preferensi)
4-(1-Hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol
Penanda
Model 3D (JSmol)
3DMet {{{3DMet}}}
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
Nomor EC
MeSH Ractopamine
Nomor RTECS {{{value}}}
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C18H23NO3/c1-13(2-3-14-4-8-16(20)9-5-14)19-12-18(22)15-6-10-17(21)11-7-15/h4-11,13,18-22H,2-3,12H2,1H3 YaY
    Key: YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N YaY
  • InChI=1/C18H23NO3/c1-13(2-3-14-4-8-16(20)9-5-14)19-12-18(22)15-6-10-17(21)11-7-15/h4-11,13,18-22H,2-3,12H2,1H3
    Key: YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYAP
  • OC(c1ccc(O)cc1)CNC(C)CCc2ccc(O)cc2
Sifat
C18H23NO3
Massa molar 301,39 g·mol−1
4100 mg/L
Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada suhu dan tekanan standar (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verifikasi (apa ini YaYN ?)
Referensi

Raktopamin (/rækˈtɒpəmaɪn, -miːn/) adalah sebuah tambahan pakan hewan yang dipakaikan terhadap hewan-hewan ternak di berbagai negara, namun dilarang di negara lainnya.[1][2] Pakan tersebut umum dipakaikan ke hewan untuk produksi daging sebagai raktopamin hidroklorida.[3] Pakat tersebut adalah bahan aktif dalam produk-produk yang dipasarkan di AS dengan merek Paylean untuk babi, Optaflexx untuk sapi, dan Topmax[4] untuk kalkun.[5] Pakan tersebut dikembangkan oleh Elanco Animal Health, sebuah divisi dari Eli Lilly and Company.

Pada 2014, pemakaian raktopamin dilarang di 160 negara,[6] yang meliputi Uni Eropa, Tiongkok dan Rusia,[7][8] sementara 27 negara lainnya, seperti Jepang, Amerika Serikat, Korea Selatan dan Selandia Baru menganggap daging dari ternak yang dipakankan dengan raktopamin aman untuk konsumsi manusia.[9][10][11]

Referensi

  1. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama TAAR1
  2. ^ Colbert, WE; Williams, PD; Williams, GD (December 1991). "Beta-adrenoceptor Profile of Ractopamine HCl in Isolated Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Tissues of Rat and Guinea-pig". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 43 (12): 844–7. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03192.x. PMID 1687583. 
  3. ^ Aroeira, C. N.; Feddern, V.; Gressler, V.; Molognoni, L.; Daguer, H.; Dalla Costa, O. A.; de Lima GJMM; Contreras-Castillo, C. J. (2019). "Determination of ractopamine residue in tissues and urine from pig fed meat and bone meal". Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment. 36 (3): 424–433. doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1567942. PMID 30785370. 
  4. ^ Co, Elanco Animal Health. "Topmax - Elanco Animal Health Co: Veterinary Package Insert". VetLabel.com. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  5. ^ LE BIZEC, Bruno (October 2017). "A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF WADA PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY" (PDF). WADA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-08-21. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-21. 
  6. ^ Pacelle, Wayne (July 2014). "Banned in 160 Nations, Why is Ractopamine in U.S. Pork? (Op-Ed)". Live Science. Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights. 
  7. ^ Bottemiller, Helena (January 25, 2012). "Dispute over drug in feed limiting US meat exports". Bottom Line. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 26, 2012. 
  8. ^ Garina, Anastasia (11 December 2012). "Russia throws poisonous meat back to US". Pravda.ru. Diakses tanggal 14 December 2012. 
  9. ^ "The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine". American Institute in Taiwan. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2012. 
  10. ^ AIT- American Institute in Taiwan: 'The Facts about U.S. Beef and Ractopamine' (archived) Accessed January 21, 2018
  11. ^ Environmental Risk Management Authority (22 August 2006). "Environmental Risk Management Authority Decision - Application HSR05114 "PAYLEAN: to import and release this granular premix for use as a feed additive for pigs "". Diakses tanggal 15 January 2020. 

Pranala luar

Lihat entri ractopamine di kamus bebas Wiktionary.
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Raktopamin&oldid=20899072"