Lompat ke isi

Hebron: Perbedaan antara revisi

Koordinat: 31°32′00″N 35°05′42″E / 31.53333°N 35.09500°E / 31.53333; 35.09500
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
k ~ref
Baris 187: Baris 187:
<!--
<!--
== Controversy: Jewish settlement after 1967 ==
== Controversy: Jewish settlement after 1967 ==
[[Berkas:HebronStar.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Star of David]] carved above entrance to a home in the old city of Hebron.<ref name=cpt1/> <ref name=cpt2/>]]
[[Berkas:HebronStar.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Star of David]] carved above entrance to a home in the old city of Hebron.<ref name=cpt1/><ref name=cpt2/>]]


Following the [[Six-Day War]] of [[1967]], a group of Jews disguised as tourists, led by [[Rabbi]] [[Moshe Levinger]], took over the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. They later moved to a nearby abandoned army camp and established the settlement of [[Kiryat Arba]]. In [[1979]], Levinger's wife led 30 Jewish women to take over the Daboya Hospital (Beit Hadassah) in central Hebron. Before long this received Israeli government approval and further Jewish enclaves in the city were established with army assistance. This process of expansion of the Jewish presence is continuing and there are now more than 20 Jewish settlements in and around the city.
Following the [[Six-Day War]] of [[1967]], a group of Jews disguised as tourists, led by [[Rabbi]] [[Moshe Levinger]], took over the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. They later moved to a nearby abandoned army camp and established the settlement of [[Kiryat Arba]]. In [[1979]], Levinger's wife led 30 Jewish women to take over the Daboya Hospital (Beit Hadassah) in central Hebron. Before long this received Israeli government approval and further Jewish enclaves in the city were established with army assistance. This process of expansion of the Jewish presence is continuing and there are now more than 20 Jewish settlements in and around the city.


Jews living in these settlements and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, for example citing the [[Star of David]] (see photo) carved in the keystone above some of the doorways in the old city.<ref name=cpt1> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/jul04/0032.html HEBRON UPDATE: July 11-16, 2004], 2004-7-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> <ref name=cpt2> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/sep04/0000.html HEBRON UPDATE: August 17-23, 2004], 2004-9-1. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> However, some reports, both foreign and Israeli are sharply critical of the settlers.<ref name=BG>The Boston Globe. [http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/palestine/293.html A top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot In Hebron] 2002-7-31. Retrieved on 2006-11-13. (was [http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/212/nation/A_top_Israeli_says_settlers_incited_riot_in_Hebron.shtml here])</ref> <ref name=sct>The Scotsman. "[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=820752002 Settlers’ revenge leaves Hebron bleeding]", 2002-7-30. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref>
Jews living in these settlements and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, for example citing the [[Star of David]] (see photo) carved in the keystone above some of the doorways in the old city.<ref name=cpt1> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/jul04/0032.html HEBRON UPDATE: July 11-16, 2004], 2004-7-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref><ref name=cpt2> Christian Peacemaking Teams. [http://www.cpt.org/archives/2004/sep04/0000.html HEBRON UPDATE: August 17-23, 2004], 2004-9-1. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref> However, some reports, both foreign and Israeli are sharply critical of the settlers.<ref name=BG>The Boston Globe. [http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/palestine/293.html A top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot In Hebron] 2002-7-31. Retrieved on 2006-11-13. (was [http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/212/nation/A_top_Israeli_says_settlers_incited_riot_in_Hebron.shtml here])</ref><ref name=sct>The Scotsman. "[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=820752002 Settlers’ revenge leaves Hebron bleeding]", 2002-7-30. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.</ref>


The sentiments of Jews who fled the [[1929 Hebron massacre]] and their descendants are mixed. Some advocate the continued settlement of Hebron as a way to continue the Jewish heritage in the city, while others suggest that settlers should try to live in peace with the Arabs there, with some even recommending the complete pullout of all settlers in Hebron.<ref name=jpt>Jerusalem Post. "[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Field News 10/2/2002 Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate]", 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> Descendants supporting the latter views have even gone as far as to meet with Palestinian leaders in Hebron.<ref name=agf>Philadelphia Inquirer. "[http://www.angelfire.com/il/FourMothers/Yona.html Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929]", 1997-03-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> The two most public examples of the descendants' views are the [[1997]] statement made by an association comprised of some descendants dissociating themselves from the then-current Jewish settlers in Hebron and calling them an obstacle to peace.<ref name=agf/>, and the [[May 15]], [[2006]] letter sent to the Israeli government by other descendants urging the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement in Hebron, in their names and urged it to allow the return of eight Jewish families evacuated last January from the homes they set up in empty shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.<ref name=jpt/>
The sentiments of Jews who fled the [[1929 Hebron massacre]] and their descendants are mixed. Some advocate the continued settlement of Hebron as a way to continue the Jewish heritage in the city, while others suggest that settlers should try to live in peace with the Arabs there, with some even recommending the complete pullout of all settlers in Hebron.<ref name=jpt>Jerusalem Post. "[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Field News 10/2/2002 Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate]", 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> Descendants supporting the latter views have even gone as far as to meet with Palestinian leaders in Hebron.<ref name=agf>Philadelphia Inquirer. "[http://www.angelfire.com/il/FourMothers/Yona.html Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929]", 1997-03-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref> The two most public examples of the descendants' views are the [[1997]] statement made by an association comprised of some descendants dissociating themselves from the then-current Jewish settlers in Hebron and calling them an obstacle to peace.<ref name=agf/>, and the [[May 15]], [[2006]] letter sent to the Israeli government by other descendants urging the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement in Hebron, in their names and urged it to allow the return of eight Jewish families evacuated last January from the homes they set up in empty shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.<ref name=jpt/>

Revisi per 26 September 2022 15.43

Untuk nama orang, lihat Hebron bin Kehat.
Hebron
Palestinian
Kota
Pusat Kota Hebron
Pusat Kota Hebron
Lambang resmi Hebron
Lambang
Negara Palestina
KegubernuranKegubernuran Hebron
Pemerintahan
 • WalikotaTayseer Abu Sneineh
Luas
 • Total74,102 km2 (28,611 sq mi)
Populasi
 • Total163.146
Situs webwww.hebron-city.ps

Hebron (bahasa Arab الخليلⓘ al-Ḫalīl atau al Khalīl bahasa Ibrani חֶבְרוֹןⓘ, Ibrani Standar Ḥevron, Ibrani Tiberias Ḥeḇrôn) adalah sebuah kota di wilayah Yudea selatan di Tepi Barat. Di kota ini tinggal sekitar 120.000 orang Palestina dan 600 orang pemukim Israel,[2] dengan sekitar 7.000 orang Yahudi tinggal di kota Kiryat Arba di dekatnya. Hebron terletak 930 m di atas permukaan laut.

Pasar yang ditinggalkan di Kota Tua.

Nama "Hebron" berasal dari nama bahasa Ibrani untuk kota ini, yang aslinya berasal dari kata חבר (habar 598), yang artinya "dipersatukan, digabungkan, dipertautkan." Nama "Hebron" dapat ditelusuri ke akarnya yang sama dengan "Heber."[3]

Dalam bahasa Arab, "إبراهيم الخليل" berarti "Ibrahim, sang sahabat," yang menunjukkan bahwa, menurut ajaran Islam yang asli, Allah memilih Nabi Ibrahim sebagai hamba-Nya yang terpilih.[4]

Hebron terletak 30 km di selatan Yerusalem. Kota ini terkenal karena anggur, batu kapur, bengkel-bengkel keramik dan pabrik gelas tiup. Hebron juga merupakan lokasi pabrik produk susu yang besar, Al-Juneidi. Kota lama Hebron dicirikan oleh jalan-jalannya yang sempit dan berbelok-belok, rumah-rumah batu beratap datar, dan pasar-pasar (bazaar) lamanya. Di kota ini juga terdapat Universitas Hebron dan Universitas Politeknik Palestina.

Tentara-tentara Israel di Hebron, 2004

Situs bersejarah paling terkenal di Hebron terletak di Makam para Leluhur atau Gua Makhpela (bahasa Ibrani: מערת המכפלה‎, atau Me'arat ha-Machpelah; bahasa Arab: الحرم الإبراهيمي, atau al-Haram al-Ibrahimi, "tempat suci Abraham"). Situs ini suci bagi ketiga agama Abrahamik: Yudaisme, Kristen, dan Islam. Menurut Kitab Kejadian, Abraham membeli gua itu dan tanah di sekelilingnya untuk menguburkan istrinya Sarah. Orang Yahudi percaya bahwa Abraham, Sarah, Ishak, Ribka, Yakub dan Lea dimakamkan di gua ini (leluhur yang lainnya, Rahel, dimakamkan di tempat lain, Betlehem). Karena alasan ini, orang Yahudi juga menyebut kota ini "Kota para Leluhur," dan merupakan salah satu dari empat kota paling suci dalam Yudaisme (bersama-sama dengan Yerusalem, Tiberias dan Tzfat). Gua itu sendiri adalah tempat tersuci kedua dalam Yudaisme. Sepanjang sejarah di sini telah dibangun gereja, sinagoge dan masjid (lihat "Sejarah," bawah). Aula Ishak kini menjadi Masjid Ibrahimi, sementara Aula Abraham dan Aula Yakub berfungsi sebagai sinagoge Yahudi.


Demografi

Tahun Muslim Kristen Yahudi Total Catatan
1538 749 r 7 r 20 r 776 r (r = rumah tangga) Sumber: Cohen & Lewis
1817 500 [5]
1838 700 [5]
1837 423 Montefiore census
1866 497 Montefiore census
1922 16,074 73 430 16,577 British Mandate Census
1929 700 [5]
1930 0 [5]
1931 17,275 112 135 17,522 British Mandate Census
1944 24,400 150 0 24,550 Perkiraan
1967 38,203 106 0 38,309 Census
1997 130,000 3 530 130,533 [5]

Data setelah tahun 1967 tidak memasukkan komunitas Yahudi di Kiryat Arba, yang bertetangga dengan Hebron tetapi tidak termasuk menjadi bagiannya, dan yang dihuni oleh 6500 penduduk Yahudi.

Tokoh terkemuka yang berhubungan dengan Hebron

31°32′00″N 35°05′42″E / 31.53333°N 35.09500°E / 31.53333; 35.09500

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama PCBS
  2. ^ "Two Israeli troops shot in Hebron" - BBC, 3 Juli 2005
  3. ^ Hebron Diarsipkan 2008-04-29 di Wayback Machine. - Abarim Publications
  4. ^ Qur'an—4:125 وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِّمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لله وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ واتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلاً
  5. ^ a b c d e Jewish Virtual Library

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Hebron.
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Hebron&oldid=21714649"