Nashr dari Granada: Perbedaan antara revisi
Syahramadan (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Syahramadan (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
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== Kelahiran dan awal kehidupan == |
== Kelahiran dan awal kehidupan == |
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[[File:Spain and Western North Africa 1360.jpg|thumb|alt=Historical map of Iberia and Western North Africa|Granada |
[[File:Spain and Western North Africa 1360.jpg|thumb|alt=Historical map of Iberia and Western North Africa|Granada dan kerajaan sekitarnya pada abad ke-14.]] |
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Abu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad{{sfn|Latham|Fernández-Puertas|1993|p=1020}} was born on 1 November 1287 (24 Ramadan 686 [[Islamic calendar|AH]]), likely in the [[Alhambra]], the [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrid]] fortress and royal complex in [[Granada]].{{sfn|Vidal Castro}} His father was [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]], ({{reign|1273|1302}}) the second Nasrid Sultan of Granada. His mother was Shams al-Duha, the second wife of Muhammad, a Christian and a former slave.{{sfn|Catlos|2018|p=343}} Muhammad had other children from his first wife: the firstborn Muhammad (later [[Muhammad III of Granada|Muhammad III]], born 1257, {{reign|1302|1309}}) and [[Fatima bint al-Ahmar|Fatima]] ({{circa|1260}}–1349). Their father, known by the epithet ''[[faqih|al-Faqih]]'' ("the canon-lawyer") due to his erudition and education, encouraged intellectual activities in his children; Muhammad was intensively engaged in poetry, while Fatima studied the ''[[barnamaj]]''—the [[wikt:biobibliography|biobibliographies]] of [[ulama|Islamic scholars]]—and Nasr studied astronomy.{{sfn|Rubiera Mata|1996|p=184}} Nasr's much older brother Muhammad was named heir (''[[wali al-ahd]]'') during their father's reign.{{sfn|Vidal Castro}}{{sfn|Rubiera Mata|1969|loc=pp. 108–109, note 5}} |
Abu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad{{sfn|Latham|Fernández-Puertas|1993|p=1020}} was born on 1 November 1287 (24 Ramadan 686 [[Islamic calendar|AH]]), likely in the [[Alhambra]], the [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrid]] fortress and royal complex in [[Granada]].{{sfn|Vidal Castro}} His father was [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]], ({{reign|1273|1302}}) the second Nasrid Sultan of Granada. His mother was Shams al-Duha, the second wife of Muhammad, a Christian and a former slave.{{sfn|Catlos|2018|p=343}} Muhammad had other children from his first wife: the firstborn Muhammad (later [[Muhammad III of Granada|Muhammad III]], born 1257, {{reign|1302|1309}}) and [[Fatima bint al-Ahmar|Fatima]] ({{circa|1260}}–1349). Their father, known by the epithet ''[[faqih|al-Faqih]]'' ("the canon-lawyer") due to his erudition and education, encouraged intellectual activities in his children; Muhammad was intensively engaged in poetry, while Fatima studied the ''[[barnamaj]]''—the [[wikt:biobibliography|biobibliographies]] of [[ulama|Islamic scholars]]—and Nasr studied astronomy.{{sfn|Rubiera Mata|1996|p=184}} Nasr's much older brother Muhammad was named heir (''[[wali al-ahd]]'') during their father's reign.{{sfn|Vidal Castro}}{{sfn|Rubiera Mata|1969|loc=pp. 108–109, note 5}} |
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Revisi per 20 November 2022 13.04
| Nasr | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultan Granada | |||||
| Berkuasa | 14 Maret 1309 – 8 Februari 1314 | ||||
| Pendahulu | Muhammad III | ||||
| Penerus | Ismail I | ||||
| Raja Guadix (memproklamirkan diri) | |||||
| Berkuasa | Februari 1314 – November 1322 | ||||
Informasi pribadi | |||||
| Kelahiran | 1 November 1287 Granada, Kesultanan Granada | ||||
| Kematian | 16 November 1322 (umur 35) Guadix, Kesultanan Granada | ||||
| Wangsa | Dinasti Nashrid | ||||
| |||||
| Ayah | Muhammad II | ||||
| Ibu | Syams al-Duha | ||||
| Agama | Islam | ||||
Abu'l-Juyusy Nashr bin Muhammad adalah Sultan ke-4 Granada, yang berkuasa dari 14 Maret 1309 hingga 8 Februari 1314. Ia adalah putra dari Sultan Muhammad II dan naik takhta setelah kakaknya Muhammad III dilengserkan dalam sebuah kudeta istana. Saat ia naik takhta, Granada berada dalam keadaan perang melawan Kesultanan Mariniyah yang berpusat di Maroko, maupun melawan kerajaan Kristen Kastilia dan Aragon di Spanyol. Ia terpaksa menyerahkan sebagian wilayahnya kepada Kerajaan Mariniyah dan Kastilia, dan membayar upeti kepada Kastilia agar menerima perdamaian. Pada 1311, kakak iparnya Abu Said Faraj melancarkan pemberontakan, yang berlanjut hingga Nashr harus turun takhta pada 8 Februari 1314 dan digantikan oleh keponakannya Ismail I, putra dari Abu Said Faraj.
Meskipun mencapai perdamaian dengan kerugian yang relatif minimal, Nashr tidak populer di istananya sendiri karena dia dicurigai pro-Kristen dan dituduh mencurahkan begitu banyak waktu untuk astronomi sehingga dia mengabaikan tugasnya sebagai penguasa. Pemberontakan yang dimulai oleh saudara iparnya Abu Said Faraj pada tahun 1311 awalnya berhasil dipukul mundur, tetapi kampanye kedua oleh putra Abu Said Ismail berakhir dengan direbutnya istana Alhambra dan abdikasi Nashr pada tanggal 8 Februari 1314 mendukung Ismail I. Dia diizinkan untuk memerintah provinsi timur Guadix, menyebut dirinya "Raja Guadix", dan berusaha untuk mendapatkan kembali tahta dengan bantuan dari Kastilia. Ismail mengalahkan pasukan Kastilia dalam Pertempuran Vega Granada, menghasilkan gencatan senjata yang mengakhiri dukungan mereka untuk Nashr. Nashr meninggal tanpa ahli waris pada tahun 1322.
Kelahiran dan awal kehidupan
Abu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad[1] was born on 1 November 1287 (24 Ramadan 686 AH), likely in the Alhambra, the Nasrid fortress and royal complex in Granada.[2] His father was Muhammad II, (m. 1273–1302) the second Nasrid Sultan of Granada. His mother was Shams al-Duha, the second wife of Muhammad, a Christian and a former slave.[3] Muhammad had other children from his first wife: the firstborn Muhammad (later Muhammad III, born 1257, m. 1302–1309) and Fatima (ca 1260–1349). Their father, known by the epithet al-Faqih ("the canon-lawyer") due to his erudition and education, encouraged intellectual activities in his children; Muhammad was intensively engaged in poetry, while Fatima studied the barnamaj—the biobibliographies of Islamic scholars—and Nasr studied astronomy.[4] Nasr's much older brother Muhammad was named heir (wali al-ahd) during their father's reign.[2][5]
Referensi
- Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (April 1997). "The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al-Ismā'īliyya al-Naṣriyya Who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Ismā'īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. London: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 7 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1017/S1356186300008294. JSTOR 25183293.
- Harvey, L. P. (1992). Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31962-9.
- Latham, J.D.; Fernández-Puertas, A. (1993). "Naṣrids"
. Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Pellat, Ch. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 1020–1029. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. - O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait. University of Pennsylvania Press. hlm. 34–59. ISBN 978-0-8122-0463-6.
- Rubiera Mata, María Jesús (1975). "El Arráez Abu Sa'id Faray B. Isma'il B. Nasr, gobernador de Málaga y epónimo de la segunda dinastía Nasari de Granada" (PDF). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 127–133. ISSN 0571-3692.
- Rubiera Mata, María Jesús (2008). "El Califato Nazarí". Al-Qanṭara (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 29 (2): 293–305. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2008.v29.i2.59. ISSN 0211-3589.
- ^ a b Latham & Fernández-Puertas 1993, hlm. 1020.
- ^ a b Vidal Castro.
- ^ Catlos 2018, hlm. 343.
- ^ Rubiera Mata 1996, hlm. 184.
- ^ Rubiera Mata 1969, pp. 108–109, note 5.