Kwalliso: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 3 Desember 2022 06.09

Kwalliso atau kwan-li-so, adalah salah satu dari tiga bentuk penahanan di Korea Utara, dua lainnya adalah Hawk^[1] yang diterjemahkan menjadi "penahanan jangka pendek/pusat buruh paksa"^[2] dan "kamp buruh penjara jangka panjang".^[3] Sekitar 80.000 sampai 120.000 orang menjadi tahanan politik di negara tersebut.

Referensi

^ Hawk, David. "The Hidden Gulag–Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps" (PDF). The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-21.
^ Hangul: 집결소; Hanja: 集結所; RR: jipgyeolso; MR: chipkyŏlso, artinya "tempat berkumpul"
^ Hangul: 교화소; Hanja: 敎化所; RR: gyohwaso; MR: kyohwaso, artinya "tempat reedukasi"

Bacaan tambahan

Harden, Blaine (2012). Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02332-5.

Pranala luar

Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea—detailed report, resources include maps and satellite photographs of camps
Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps - Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps
"Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today" (PDF). Database Center for North Korean Human Rights. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-19. –Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of life in political prison camps
Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity Diarsipkan 2011-09-08 di Wayback Machine.–Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps
Christian Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer–a call to act–Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes
Washington Post: North Koreas Hard Labor Camps - Explore North Korean prison camps with interactive map
Stanton, Joshua. "North Korea's Largest Concentration Camps on Google Earth". One Free Korea.

Artikel bertopik Korea Utara ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Hawk2012-1] Hawk, David. "The Hidden Gulag–Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps" (PDF). The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-21.

[2] Hangul: 집결소; Hanja: 集結所; RR: jipgyeolso; MR: chipkyŏlso, artinya "tempat berkumpul"

[3] Hangul: 교화소; Hanja: 敎化所; RR: gyohwaso; MR: kyohwaso, artinya "tempat reedukasi"

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{italic title}}
-'''''Kwalliso''''' atau '''''kwan-li-so''''', adalah salah satu dari tiga bentuk penahanan di [[Korea Utara]], dua lainnya adalah Hawk<ref name="Hawk2012">{{cite web|author=Hawk, David |title=The Hidden Gulag – Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps |work=[[U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea|The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea]] |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |accessdate=2012-09-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archivedate=2015-03-13 }}</ref> yang diterjemahkan menjadi "penahanan jangka pendek/pusat buruh paksa"<ref>{{Korean|context=north|mr=chipkyŏlso|rr=jipgyeolso|hangul=집결소|hanja=[[wikt:集結#Korean|集結]][[wikt:所|所]]}}, artinya "tempat berkumpul"</ref> dan "[[kamp buruh]] penjara jangka panjang".<ref>{{Korean|context=north|mr=kyohwaso|rr=gyohwaso|hangul=교화소|hanja=[[wikt:敎|敎]][[wikt:化|化]]所}}, artinya "tempat reedukasi"</ref> Sekitar 80.000 sampai 120.000 orang menjadi tahanan politik di negara tersebut.
+'''''Kwalliso''''' atau '''''kwan-li-so''''', adalah salah satu dari tiga bentuk penahanan di [[Korea Utara]], dua lainnya adalah Hawk<ref name="Hawk2012">{{cite web|author=Hawk, David |title=The Hidden Gulag–Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps |work=[[U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea|The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea]] |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |accessdate=2012-09-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archivedate=2015-03-13 }}</ref> yang diterjemahkan menjadi "penahanan jangka pendek/pusat buruh paksa"<ref>{{Korean|context=north|mr=chipkyŏlso|rr=jipgyeolso|hangul=집결소|hanja=[[wikt:集結#Korean|集結]][[wikt:所|所]]}}, artinya "tempat berkumpul"</ref> dan "[[kamp buruh]] penjara jangka panjang".<ref>{{Korean|context=north|mr=kyohwaso|rr=gyohwaso|hangul=교화소|hanja=[[wikt:敎|敎]][[wikt:化|化]]所}}, artinya "tempat reedukasi"</ref> Sekitar 80.000 sampai 120.000 orang menjadi tahanan politik di negara tersebut.
 == Referensi ==
@@ Baris 11: / Baris 11: @@
 * [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]—detailed report, resources include maps and satellite photographs of camps
 * [https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa24/001/2011/en/ Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps] - Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps
-* {{cite web|url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Political_Prison_Camp_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |title=Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019141624/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Political_Prison_Camp_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-19 }} – Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of life in political prison camps
+* {{cite web|url=http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Political_Prison_Camp_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |publisher=Database Center for North Korean Human Rights |title=Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019141624/http://nkdb.org/bbs1/data/publication/Political_Prison_Camp_in_North_Korea_Today.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-19 }}–Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of life in political prison camps
-* [http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/53.pdf Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908012506/http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/53.pdf |date=2011-09-08 }} – Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps
+* [http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/53.pdf Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908012506/http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/53.pdf |date=2011-09-08 }}–Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps
-* [http://docs-eu.livesiteadmin.com/c8880e0f-f6ed-4585-8f09-4e4b6d11e698/north-korea-a-case-to-answer-a-call-to-act.pdf Christian Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer – a call to act] – Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes
+* [http://docs-eu.livesiteadmin.com/c8880e0f-f6ed-4585-8f09-4e4b6d11e698/north-korea-a-case-to-answer-a-call-to-act.pdf Christian Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer–a call to act]–Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes
 * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/19/AR2009071902178.html Washington Post: North Koreas Hard Labor Camps] - Explore North Korean prison camps with interactive map
 * {{cite web |url=http://freekorea.us/camps/ |title=North Korea's Largest Concentration Camps on Google Earth |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |work=One Free Korea}}