Fajar senja: Perbedaan antara revisi
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
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* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us Twilight time calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518135639/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us |date=2011-05-18 }} |
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us Twilight time calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518135639/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us |date=2011-05-18 }} |
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* [http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp Formulae to calculate twilight duration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731153712/http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp |date=2008-07-31 }} by Herbert Glarner. |
* [http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp Formulae to calculate twilight duration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731153712/http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp |date=2008-07-31 }} by Herbert Glarner. |
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* [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip An Excel workbook] with VBA functions for twilight (dawn and dusk), sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and solar position (azimuth and elevation) by [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html Greg Pelletier], translated from [http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html NOAA's online calculator for sunrise/sunset] |
* [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip An Excel workbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208171818/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip |date=2006-12-08 }} with VBA functions for twilight (dawn and dusk), sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and solar position (azimuth and elevation) by [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html Greg Pelletier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525051436/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html |date=2007-05-25 }}, translated from [http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html NOAA's online calculator for sunrise/sunset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145151/http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html |date=2011-07-16 }} |
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* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset The colors of twilight and sunset] |
* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset The colors of twilight and sunset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923212827/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset |date=2017-09-23 }} |
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* [http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ HM Nautical Almanac Office websurf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131844/http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ |date=2011-07-14 }} Compute twilight times. |
* [http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ HM Nautical Almanac Office websurf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131844/http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ |date=2011-07-14 }} Compute twilight times. |
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* [http://www.ga.gov.au/ Geoscience Australia "Sunrise and sunset times"] Compute twilight times. |
* [http://www.ga.gov.au/ Geoscience Australia "Sunrise and sunset times"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802030749/http://www.ga.gov.au/ |date=2014-08-02 }} Compute twilight times. |
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Revisi per 17 Juli 2023 13.50
Fajar senja (bahasa Inggris: twilight) adalah waktu ketika matahari berada di bawah cakrawala, tetapi berkas-berkas cahaya, yang disebut aram atau aram temaram, masih tampak di langit sebagai akibat pantulan sinar matahari langsung ke permukaan Bumi.[1] Periode ini terjadi sebelum matahari terbit (fajar) atau setelah matahari terbenam (senja).
Sinar matahari yang tersebar di atmosfer atas menyinari atmosfer bawah, dan permukaan Bumi pun tidak terang dan tidak gelap. Matahari sendiri tidak terlihat karena berada di bawah cakrawala. Karena kualitas cahaya ambien yang tidak biasa pada periode ini, cahaya aram sangat dikenal oleh fotografer dan pelukis yang menjulukinya sebagai "jam biru", sesuai istilah Prancis l'heure bleue. Fajar senja secara teknis diartikan sebagai periode sebelum Matahari terbit dan setelah Matahari terbenam ketika muncul cahaya alami dari atmosfer atas yang menerima langsung sinar Matahari dan menyebarkan sebagian sinarnya ke permukaan Bumi..[2]
Subkategori metode
Terdapat tiga subkategori metode dan berterima secara umum dalam menetukan fajar senja, yakni:
- Fajar senja sipil (civil twilight)
- posisi matahari di bawah ufuk sampai dengan ketinggian -6°
- Fajar senja nautikal (nautical twilight)
- posisi matahari di bawah ufuk dengan ketinggian -6°sampai dengan -12°
- Fajar senja astromomis (astronomical twilight)
- posisi matahari di bawah ufuk dengan ketinggian -12° sampai dengan -18°
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
- ^ (Indonesia) Arti kata Fajar senja dalam situs web Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia oleh Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia.
- ^ "Definitions from the US Astronomical Applications Dept (USNO)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-16. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-03.
Bahan bacaan
- Mateshvili, Nina (2005). "Twilight sky brightness measurements as a useful tool for stratospheric aerosol investigations". Journal of Geophysical Research. 110 (D09209): D09209. Bibcode:2005JGRD..11009209M. doi:10.1029/2004JD005512.
Pranala luar
- Twilight Calculator Diarsipkan 2021-01-24 di Wayback Machine. Compute twilight times.
- Definition of Twilight Diarsipkan 2011-06-06 di Wayback Machine. US Naval Observatory.
- Twilight time calculator Diarsipkan 2011-05-18 di Wayback Machine.
- Formulae to calculate twilight duration Diarsipkan 2008-07-31 di Wayback Machine. by Herbert Glarner.
- An Excel workbook Diarsipkan 2006-12-08 di Wayback Machine. with VBA functions for twilight (dawn and dusk), sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and solar position (azimuth and elevation) by Greg Pelletier Diarsipkan 2007-05-25 di Wayback Machine., translated from NOAA's online calculator for sunrise/sunset Diarsipkan 2011-07-16 di Wayback Machine.
- The colors of twilight and sunset Diarsipkan 2017-09-23 di Wayback Machine.
- HM Nautical Almanac Office websurf Diarsipkan 2011-07-14 di Wayback Machine. Compute twilight times.
- Geoscience Australia "Sunrise and sunset times" Diarsipkan 2014-08-02 di Wayback Machine. Compute twilight times.