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Fajar senja: Perbedaan antara revisi

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* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us Twilight time calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518135639/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us |date=2011-05-18 }}
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us Twilight time calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518135639/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us |date=2011-05-18 }}
* [http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp Formulae to calculate twilight duration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731153712/http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp |date=2008-07-31 }} by Herbert Glarner.
* [http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp Formulae to calculate twilight duration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731153712/http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp |date=2008-07-31 }} by Herbert Glarner.
* [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip An Excel workbook] with VBA functions for twilight (dawn and dusk), sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and solar position (azimuth and elevation) by [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html Greg Pelletier], translated from [http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html NOAA's online calculator for sunrise/sunset]
* [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip An Excel workbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208171818/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip |date=2006-12-08 }} with VBA functions for twilight (dawn and dusk), sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and solar position (azimuth and elevation) by [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html Greg Pelletier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525051436/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html |date=2007-05-25 }}, translated from [http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html NOAA's online calculator for sunrise/sunset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145151/http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html |date=2011-07-16 }}
* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset The colors of twilight and sunset]
* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset The colors of twilight and sunset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923212827/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset |date=2017-09-23 }}
* [http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ HM Nautical Almanac Office websurf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131844/http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ |date=2011-07-14 }} Compute twilight times.
* [http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ HM Nautical Almanac Office websurf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131844/http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ |date=2011-07-14 }} Compute twilight times.
* [http://www.ga.gov.au/ Geoscience Australia "Sunrise and sunset times"] Compute twilight times.
* [http://www.ga.gov.au/ Geoscience Australia "Sunrise and sunset times"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802030749/http://www.ga.gov.au/ |date=2014-08-02 }} Compute twilight times.
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Revisi per 17 Juli 2023 13.50

Siluet manusia dan objek sekitar ketika fajar senja
Fajar di Samocice, Polandia

Fajar senja (bahasa Inggris: twilight) adalah waktu ketika matahari berada di bawah cakrawala, tetapi berkas-berkas cahaya, yang disebut aram atau aram temaram, masih tampak di langit sebagai akibat pantulan sinar matahari langsung ke permukaan Bumi.[1] Periode ini terjadi sebelum matahari terbit (fajar) atau setelah matahari terbenam (senja).

Sinar matahari yang tersebar di atmosfer atas menyinari atmosfer bawah, dan permukaan Bumi pun tidak terang dan tidak gelap. Matahari sendiri tidak terlihat karena berada di bawah cakrawala. Karena kualitas cahaya ambien yang tidak biasa pada periode ini, cahaya aram sangat dikenal oleh fotografer dan pelukis yang menjulukinya sebagai "jam biru", sesuai istilah Prancis l'heure bleue. Fajar senja secara teknis diartikan sebagai periode sebelum Matahari terbit dan setelah Matahari terbenam ketika muncul cahaya alami dari atmosfer atas yang menerima langsung sinar Matahari dan menyebarkan sebagian sinarnya ke permukaan Bumi..[2]

Subkategori metode

Terdapat tiga subkategori metode dan berterima secara umum dalam menetukan fajar senja, yakni:

  • Fajar senja sipil (civil twilight)
posisi matahari di bawah ufuk sampai dengan ketinggian -6°
  • Fajar senja nautikal (nautical twilight)
posisi matahari di bawah ufuk dengan ketinggian -6°sampai dengan -12°
  • Fajar senja astromomis (astronomical twilight)
posisi matahari di bawah ufuk dengan ketinggian -12° sampai dengan -18°

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

Bahan bacaan

  • Mateshvili, Nina (2005). "Twilight sky brightness measurements as a useful tool for stratospheric aerosol investigations". Journal of Geophysical Research. 110 (D09209): D09209. Bibcode:2005JGRD..11009209M. doi:10.1029/2004JD005512. 

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