Sejarah Xinjiang

Pemandangan satelit wilayah Xinjiang

Lokasi Xinjiang di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

Sejarah wilayah yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Xinjiang tercatat semanjak milenium ke-2 SM. Terdapat beberapa kekaisaran, utamanya, Tionghoa Han, Turkic dan Mongol, yang memerintah wilayah tersebut, yang meliputi Yuezhi, Xiongnu, dinasti Han, Gaochang, Kerajaan Khotan, Enam Belas Kerajaan dari dinasti Jin (Liang Awal, Qin Awal, Liang Akhir, dan Liang Barat), Kekhaganan Turkic, dinasti Tang, Kekaisaran Tibetan, Kekhaganan Uighur, Kekhanan Kara-Khanid, Kerajaan Qocho, Qara Khitai, Kekaisaran Mongol, dinasti Yuan, Kekhanan Chagatai, Kekhanan Yarkent, Kekhanan Dzungar, dan dinasti Qing. Xinjiang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai "Xiyu" (西域), di bawah kekuasaan dinasti Han, pada saat kekaisaraan Xiongnu menguasai kawasan tersebut pada 60 Mashi dalam upaya mengamankan Jalur Sutra, namun berganti nama menjadi Xinjiang (新疆, artinya "wilayah terdepan baru") saat kawasan tersebut ditaklukan kembali oleh dinasti Qing yang dipimpin oleh Manchu pada 1759. Xinjiang sekarang merupakan bagian dari Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, semenjak negara tersebut didirikan pada 1949.

Catatan

•  Artikel ini memuat teks dari Life among the Chinese: with characteristic sketches and incidents of missionary operations and prospects in China, oleh Robert Samuel Maclay, publikasi dari tahun 1861, sekarang berada pada domain umum di Amerika Serikat.

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