Rostov na Donu: Perbedaan antara revisi
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#ALIH [[Rostov-na-Donu]] |
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{{Infobox Russian city |
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|en_name=Rostov na Donu |
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|ru_name=Ростов-на-Дону |
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|image_skyline=Rostov-on-Don Collage.jpg |
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|image_caption=Views of Rostov-on-Don |
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|latd=47 |
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|latm=14 |
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|lats= |
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|longd=39 |
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|longm=42 |
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|longs= |
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|map_label_position=right |
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|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Rostov-on-Don.svg |
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|coa_caption= |
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|image_flag=Rostov-na-Donu flag.svg |
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|flag_caption= |
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|anthem=''tidak ada'' |
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|anthem_ref=<ref name="Anthem">The official symbols of Rostov-on-Don enumerated in Decision #267 do not include the anthem.</ref> |
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|holiday=Third Sunday of September |
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|holiday_ref=<ref name="Holiday">Charter of Rostov-on-Don, Article 4</ref> |
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|federal_subject=[[Rostov Oblast]] |
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|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref133" /> |
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|adm_data_as_of=November 2014 |
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|adm_city_jur=Rostov-na-Donu [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]] |
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|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref133" /> |
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|adm_ctr_of1=Rostov Oblast |
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|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="AdmCtr1">Charter of Rostov-on-Don, Article 1</ref> |
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|adm_ctr_of2=Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
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|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref133" /> |
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|inhabloc_cat=Kota |
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|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref133" /> |
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|mun_data_as_of=November 2008 |
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|urban_okrug_jur=Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
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|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref871" /> |
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|mun_admctr_of=Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
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|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref871" /> |
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|leader_title=Head |
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|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Charter of Rostov-on-Don, Article 35.1</ref> |
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|leader_name=Zinaida Neyarokhina |
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|leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadNm">Official website of Rostov-on-Don. [http://www.rostov-gorod.ru/?ID=28025 Biography of Zinaida Vasilyevna Neyarokhina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703134936/http://www.rostov-gorod.ru/?ID=28025 |date=2018-07-03 }}, the Head of Rostov-on-Don {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|representative_body=[[Duma Kota Rostov na Donu|Duma Kota]] |
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|representative_body_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" /> |
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|area_of_what= |
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|area_as_of= |
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|area_km2=348.5 |
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|area_km2_ref=<ref name="Area">{{cite web|url=http://www.rostov-gorod.ru/?ID=6540|title=About the City|work=Official website of Rostov-on-Don|language=ru|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IqLJYWWp?url=http://www.rostov-gorod.ru/?ID=6540|archivedate=2013-08-13|access-date=2016-03-20|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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|pop_2010census=1089261 |
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|pop_2010census_rank=ke-10 |
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|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |
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|pop_density= |
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|pop_density_as_of= |
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|pop_density_ref= |
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|pop_latest=1109800 |
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|pop_latest_date=January 2014 |
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|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2014Est">Rostov Oblast Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://rostov.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/rostov/resources/8cc0c50046e82b5ea1feb987789c42f5/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%81+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.pdf Cities with Populations of 100,000 and Over] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702032227/http://rostov.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/rostov/resources/8cc0c50046e82b5ea1feb987789c42f5/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%81+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.pdf |date=2017-07-02 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|established_date=1749 |
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|established_title= |
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|established_date_ref=<ref name="gr" /> |
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|current_cat_date=1796 |
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|current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="gr" /> |
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|prev_name1= |
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|prev_name1_date= |
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|prev_name1_ref= |
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|postal_codes=344000–344002, 344004, 344006, 344007, 344009–344013, 344015, 344016, 344018–344023, 344025, 344029, 344030, 344032–344034, 344037–344039, 344041, 344045, 344048, 344050, 344052, 344055, 344056, 344058, 344064, 344065, 344068, 344069, 344072, 344079, 344082, 344090–344095, 344101, 344103, 344111–344114, 344116, 344700, 344880, 344890, 344899, 344960–344965, 344999, 901078, 995100 |
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|dialing_codes=863 |
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|dialing_codes_ref= |
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|website=http://www.rostov-gorod.ru |
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|website_ref= |
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|date=April 2010 |
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}} |
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[[Berkas:Rostovondon1.jpg|jmpl|ka|Pasar Sentral dekat Katedral Kelahiran.]] |
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'''Rostov na Donu''' ({{lang-ru|Росто́в-на-Дону́}}, ''Rostov-na-Donu'', [[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: Rostov-on-Don) adalah pusat pemerintahan [[Oblast Rostov]] dan [[Distrik Federal Selatan]] [[Rusia]], yang terletak di [[Sungai Don, Rusia|Sungai Don]], 46 km dari [[Laut Azov]]. Secara geografis kota ini terletak di |
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{{coor dm|47|14|N|39|42|E|}}. Penduduknya berjumlah 1.099.500 jiwa (perkiraan [[2012]]); 1,068,267 ([[Sensus Rusia (2002)|Sensus]] [[2002]]). |
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<!--Dekat perbatasan [[Ukraina]]. Penduduknya berjumlah 1.099.500 jiwa ([[2012]]).--> |
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== Sejarah == |
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Dari segi perdagangan maupun kebudayaan muara Sungai Don memainkan peranan yang sangat penting sejak zaman dahulu. Ini adalah lokasi [[koloni Yunani]] Tanais, benteng [[Genoa]] Tana, dan benteng Azov milik [[Kerajaan Ottoman|Turki]]. (Lihat artikel tetang [[Azov]] untuk informasi lebih terinci tentang pemukiman-pemukiman tersebut.) |
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Rostov na Donu pada hakikatnya didirikan pada [[1749]], ketika sebuah kantor pajak dibangun di tepi Sungai Don, yang segera diikuti dengan sebuah benteng besar. Kota ini dinamai sesuai dengan nama Santo [[Dimitrius dari Rostov]], seorang uskup yang baru dan dihormati dari kota lama di utara [[Rostov Agung]]. Sementara Azov perlahan-lahan merosot kedudukannya, sebuah pemukiman dekat benteng yang baru itu menggantikan kedudukannya yang penting sebagai pusat perdagangan utama wilayah itu. Pada [[1796]] pemukiman ini mendapatkan hak sebagai kota dan diganti namanya menjadi Rostov na Donu, untuk membedakannya dari namanya yang lama. |
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<!--[[Berkas:Rostov adm.JPG|thumb|right|The building of the administration of Rostov Oblast and the monument of the Red Army]] The Don River that the city is named for is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with regions to the north, and Rostov-on-Don is an important river port in both passenger-oriented and industrial shipping. With such a good geographical position, the city grew rapidly. As the most heavily industrialized city of South Russia, it was a bone of contention between the [[White movement|Whites]] and the [[Bolshevik]]s during the [[Russian Civil War|Civil War]]. By [[1928]], the regional government was moved from the old [[Cossack]] capital [[Novocherkassk]] to Rostov, which also engulfed the nearby [[Armenia]]n town of [[Nakhichevan-on-Don]]. |
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[[Berkas:Rostovondon2.jpg|thumb|right|Don river in Rostov.]] |
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In the [[Soviet]] years, the [[Bolsheviks]] demolished two of Rostov's principal landmarks - St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St George Cathedral in Nakhichevan (1783-1807). Much of the city was reduced to rubble by the [[Germany|German]] forces who occupied it thrice - in 1918, 1941 and 1942. Nowadays, the most conspicuous feature of the downtown is the enormous Cathedral of Virgin's Nativity (1860-87), designed by [[Konstantin Thon]]. |
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The city was also the home of Russia's most notorious [[serial killer]] [[Andrei Chikatilo]] (though he was not actually born there). |
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Rostov-on-Don has experienced considerable economic growth in recent years, as the Russian economy recovers nationwide. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed from a place thrown back in time by the collapse of [[communism]] into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub. |
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==Education== |
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Public educational institutions include [[Rostov State University]] and [[Don State Technical University]], while the major private university is the Institute of Management, Business and Law. |
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==Sports== |
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[[FC Rostov]] is a [[football (soccer)|football]] club based in Rostov-on-Don, playing in the [[Russian Premier League]].--> |
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== Kota kembar == |
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Kota ini memiliki hubungan [[kota kembar]] dengan: |
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* [[Glasgow]], [[Skotlandia]] |
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* [[Dortmund]], [[Jerman]] |
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* [[Pleven]] |
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* [[Le Mans]], [[Prancis]] |
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* [[Mobile, Alabama]], [[Amerika Serikat]] |
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== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
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{{commonscat}} |
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* [http://olden.rostov.ru/enter/11.htm Old views of Rostov-on-the-Don] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060128064844/http://olden.rostov.ru/enter/11.htm |date=2006-01-28 }} |
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* [http://rostov.rsu.ru/sobor/index.htm Churches of Rostov-on-the-Don] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028201625/http://rostov.rsu.ru/sobor/index.htm |date=2005-10-28 }} |
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* {{ru icon}} [http://www.rostov.ru/ Rostov's Entertainment Site] |
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* {{ru icon}} [http://www.rostov-gorod.ru/ Official Rostov's Administration Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102190119/http://www.rostov-gorod.ru/ |date=2011-01-02 }} |
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* [http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/x-ussr/100k/L-37-032.jpg Soviet topographic map 1:100,000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051031014817/http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/x-ussr/100k/L-37-032.jpg |date=2005-10-31 }} |
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* [http://www.bfcollection.net/cities/russia/rostovdon/rostovdon.html Historic images of Rostov] |
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* {{en icon}} [http://eng.russ-yug.ru/section/1/ News and events of Rostov-on-Don] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185741/http://eng.russ-yug.ru/section/1/ |date=2007-09-30 }} |
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* {{ru icon}} {{de icon}} [http://www.frdip.rsu.ru/deutsch Independent Russian-German Institute of Journalism Rostov on Don, FRDIP (Freies Russisch Deutsches Institut für Publizistik Rostow am Don, FRDIP)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512031728/http://www.frdip.rsu.ru/deutsch/ |date=2006-05-12 }} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Kategori:Kota di Rusia]] |
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{{negara-geo-stub|Rusia}} |
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Revisi per 24 Februari 2024 16.08
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