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Revisi per 22 Maret 2024 08.06

Sebuah poster di 21-Area Health Promotion Center Camp Pendleton menggambarkan efek *junk food* yang dikonsumsi oleh banyak Marinir dan pelaut.

Makanan kurang gizi (bahasa Inggris: junk food) adalah makanan tidak sehat yang tinggi kalori dari gula atau lemak, dengan sedikit serat makanan, protein, vitamin, mineral, atau bentuk nilai gizi penting lainnya.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Definisi yang tepat dapat berubah dari waktu ke waktu. Beberapa makanan berprotein tinggi, seperti daging yang disiapkan dengan lemak jenuh, dapat dianggap junk food.^[4] Istilah HFSS (high in fat, salt and sugar) juga bermakna serupa.^[5]^[6] Fast food sering disamakan dengan junk food, meskipun fast food tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai junk food.^[7]^[8] Kebanyakan junk food merupakan makanan olahan tinggi.

Kekhawatiran tentang efek negatif akibat pola makan junk food, terutama obesitas, telah mengobarkan kampanye kesadaran kesehatan masyarakat, serta pembatasan iklan dan penjualan di beberapa negara.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Junk food menjadi suatu istilah peyoratif sejak setidaknya tahun 1950-an.^[12]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ "junk food". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.
^ "junk food". Macmillan Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.
^ O'Neill, Brendon (30 November 2006). "Is this what you call junk food?". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 29 Juni 2010.
^ Scott, Caitlin (May 2018). "Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets". Global Environmental Politics. 18 (2): 93–113. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00458. ISSN 1526-3800.
^ Parks, Troy (16 Desember 2016). "WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads". American Medical Association.
^ Snowdon, Christopher (6 Juni 2018). "The proposed 'junk food' advertising ban is aimed at you, not your children". The Spectator. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 Desember 2018. Diakses tanggal 30 Desember 2020.
^ Specter, Michael (2 November 2015). "Freedom from Fries". New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2019.
^ Smith, Rene. "Fast Food Facts". Science Kids. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2019.
^ "Food Marketing to Kids". Public Health Law Center. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 Oktober 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.
^ "Protecting children from the harmful effects of food and drink marketing". World Health Organization. September 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.
^ "Food Marketing in Other Countries" (PDF).
^ Zimmer, Ben (30 Desember 2010). "On Language: Junk". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 19 Maret 2015.

Bacaan lanjutan

Ansel, Karen. "30 Surprisingly Healthy Fast Foods". Fitness Magazine (Meredith Corporation). Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Anthony, Mark (1 Apr 2014). "Understanding Satiation and Satiety". Food Processing. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015.
"Junk food is more expensive than healthy food: study, says Dept. of Agriculture study". NY Daily News. Associated Press. May 16, 2012. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.
Center for Public Health Nutrition (University of Washington). "Nutrient Profiling". Center for Public Health Nutrition (University of Washington). Diakses tanggal 24 March 2015.
Fernandez, Manny (7 August 2010). "Let Us Now Praise the Great Men of Junk Food". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Freedman, David H. (19 Jun 2013). "How Junk Food Can End Obesity". The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Lehman, Shereen (1 November 2014). "Why Is Junk Food So Popular? Here Are Three Reasons". About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2015.
Moss, Michael (20 Feb 2013). "The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Parker-Pope, Tara (5 Dec 2007). "A High Price for Healthy Food". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.
Poti, Jennifer M; Kiyah J Duffey; Barry M Popkin (23 Oct 2013). "The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
Saez, Catherine (11 June 2014). "UN Advisor Denounces Junk Food As 'Culprit' In Rising NCDs, Calls For Change". Intellectual Property Watch. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2014.
ScienceDaily (15 January 2014). "Fast food not the major cause of rising childhood obesity rates, study finds". ScienceDaily. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2015.
"Empty Calories: What are empty calories?". EnergyFirst. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2015.

Artikel bertopik makanan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] "junk food". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

[2] "junk food". Macmillan Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

[m-3] O'Neill, Brendon (30 November 2006). "Is this what you call junk food?". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 29 Juni 2010.

[4] Scott, Caitlin (May 2018). "Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets". Global Environmental Politics. 18 (2): 93–113. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00458. ISSN 1526-3800.

[ama-who-5] Parks, Troy (16 Desember 2016). "WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads". American Medical Association.

[spec-hfss-6] Snowdon, Christopher (6 Juni 2018). "The proposed 'junk food' advertising ban is aimed at you, not your children". The Spectator. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 Desember 2018. Diakses tanggal 30 Desember 2020.

[newyorker-7] Specter, Michael (2 November 2015). "Freedom from Fries". New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2019.

[sciencekids-8] Smith, Rene. "Fast Food Facts". Science Kids. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2019.

[WHO-9] "Food Marketing to Kids". Public Health Law Center. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 Oktober 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

[10] "Protecting children from the harmful effects of food and drink marketing". World Health Organization. September 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2015.

[11] "Food Marketing in Other Countries" (PDF).

[12] Zimmer, Ben (30 Desember 2010). "On Language: Junk". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 19 Maret 2015.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-[[File:USMC-100629-M-3215R-002.jpg|thumb|200px|Sebuah poster di 21-Area Health Promotion Center [[Camp Pendleton]] menggambarkan efek junk food yang dikonsumsi oleh banyak [[Marinir]] dan pelaut.]]
+[[File:USMC-100629-M-3215R-002.jpg|thumb|200px|Sebuah poster di 21-Area Health Promotion Center [[Camp Pendleton]] menggambarkan efek ''junk food'' yang dikonsumsi oleh banyak [[Marinir]] dan pelaut.]]
-'''Makanan rongsok''' atau '''makanan rendah gizi''' ({{lang-en|junk food}}) adalah makanan tidak sehat yang tinggi [[kalori]] dari [[gula]] atau [[lemak]], dengan sedikit [[serat]] makanan, [[protein]], [[vitamin]], [[mineral]], atau bentuk nilai [[gizi]] penting lainnya.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/junk%20food | title=junk food | publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/junk-food | title=junk food | publisher=Macmillan Dictionary | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref name="m">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Brendon|title=Is this what you call junk food?|work=[[BBC News]]|date=30 November 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6187234.stm |access-date=29 Juni 2010}}</ref>
+'''Makanan kurang gizi''' ({{lang-en|junk food}}) adalah makanan tidak sehat yang tinggi [[kalori]] dari [[gula]] atau [[lemak]], dengan sedikit [[serat]] makanan, [[protein]], [[vitamin]], [[mineral]], atau bentuk nilai [[gizi]] penting lainnya.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/junk%20food | title=junk food | publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/junk-food | title=junk food | publisher=Macmillan Dictionary | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref name="m">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Brendon|title=Is this what you call junk food?|work=[[BBC News]]|date=30 November 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6187234.stm |access-date=29 Juni 2010}}</ref>
 Definisi yang tepat dapat berubah dari waktu ke waktu. Beberapa makanan berprotein tinggi, seperti daging yang disiapkan dengan [[lemak jenuh]], dapat dianggap ''junk food''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scott|first=Caitlin|date=May 2018|title=Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets|journal=Global Environmental Politics|volume=18|issue=2|pages=93–113|doi=10.1162/glep_a_00458|s2cid=57559050|issn=1526-3800}}</ref> Istilah HFSS (''high in fat, salt and sugar'') juga bermakna serupa.<ref name="ama-who">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/who-warns-kids-digital-exposure-junk-food-ads |title=WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads |last= Parks |first=Troy  |date=16 Desember 2016 |website=American Medical Association}}</ref><ref name="spec-hfss">{{Cite web |url=https://health.spectator.co.uk/the-proposed-junk-food-ban-is-aimed-at-you-not-your-children/ |title=The proposed 'junk food' advertising ban is aimed at you, not your children |last=Snowdon |first=Christopher |date=6 Juni 2018 |website=The Spectator |access-date=30 Desember 2020 |archive-date=30 Desember 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233446/https://health.spectator.co.uk/the-proposed-junk-food-ban-is-aimed-at-you-not-your-children/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ''Fast food'' sering disamakan dengan ''junk food'', meskipun ''fast food'' tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai ''junk food''.<ref name="newyorker">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/02/freedom-from-fries |title=Freedom from Fries |last=Specter |first=Michael  |date=2 November 2015 |website=New Yorker |access-date=1 Januari 2019}}</ref><ref name="sciencekids">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/food/fastfood.html |title=Fast Food Facts |last=Smith  |first=Rene |website=Science Kids |access-date=1 Januari 2019}}</ref> Kebanyakan ''junk food'' merupakan [[makanan olahan]] tinggi.