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{{Infobox medical condition|name=Legionnaires' disease|synonym=Legionellosis,<ref name=pmid26231463/> legion fever|image=PMC5258191 cureus-0008-00000000937-i01.png|image_size=|alt=|caption=Chest X-ray of a severe case of legionellosis upon admission to the emergency department.|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infection|Infectious disease]], [[pulmonology]]|symptoms=Cough, [[shortness of breath]], [[fever]], [[myalgia|muscle pains]], headaches<ref name=CDC2016Sign/>|onset=2–10 days after exposure<ref name=CDC2016Sign/>|duration=|causes=[[Bacteria]] of the ''[[Legionella]]'' type (spread by contaminated [[mist]])<ref name=CDC2016Start/><ref name=CDC2016Cau/>|risks=Older age, history of smoking, [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic lung disease]], [[immunosuppression|poor immune function]]<ref name=CDC2016Risk/>|diagnosis=Urinary [[antigen test]], [[sputum culture]]<ref name=CDC2016Diag/>|differential=|prevention=Good maintenance of [[water systems]]<ref name=CDC2016Pre/>|treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s<ref name=CDC2016Tx/>|medication=|prognosis=10% risk of death<ref name=CDC2016Tx/>|frequency=~13,000 severe cases a year (US)<ref name=CDC2016Epi/>|deaths=}}'''Penyakit Legionnaires''', atau '''legionellosis''', adalah suatu bentuk pneumonia atipikal yang terjadi karena, semua tipe jenis bakteri dari ''Legionella''. <ref name="CDC2016Start">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) About the Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325025955/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Batuk]], sesak, [[demam]] yang tinggi, nyeri otot, dan [[sakit kepala]] merupakan tanda gejala dari penyakit ini. <ref name="CDC2016Sign" /> Kejadian [[mual]], [[muntah]], dan [[diare]] juga bisa terjadi pada penyakit ini. <ref name="pmid26231463">{{Cite journal|date=23 January 2016|title=Legionnaires' disease|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10016|pages=376–385|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60078-2|pmid=26231463|vauthors=Cunha BA, Burillo A, Bouza E}}</ref> Kemunculannya sering kali dimulai saat 2 hingga 10 hari pasca paparan. <ref name="CDC2016Sign">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Signs and Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312111315/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Infobox medical condition|name=Legionnaires' disease|synonym=Legionellosis,<ref name=pmid26231463/> legion fever|image=PMC5258191 cureus-0008-00000000937-i01.png|image_size=|alt=|caption=Chest X-ray of a severe case of legionellosis upon admission to the emergency department.|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infection|Infectious disease]], [[pulmonology]]|symptoms=Cough, [[shortness of breath]], [[fever]], [[myalgia|muscle pains]], headaches<ref name=CDC2016Sign/>|onset=2–10 days after exposure<ref name=CDC2016Sign/>|duration=|causes=[[Bacteria]] of the ''[[Legionella]]'' type (spread by contaminated [[mist]])<ref name=CDC2016Start/><ref name=CDC2016Cau/>|risks=Older age, history of smoking, [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic lung disease]], [[immunosuppression|poor immune function]]<ref name=CDC2016Risk/>|diagnosis=Urinary [[antigen test]], [[sputum culture]]<ref name=CDC2016Diag/>|differential=|prevention=Good maintenance of [[water systems]]<ref name=CDC2016Pre/>|treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s<ref name=CDC2016Tx/>|medication=|prognosis=10% risk of death<ref name=CDC2016Tx/>|frequency=~13,000 severe cases a year (US)<ref name=CDC2016Epi>{{cite web |title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) History and Disease Patterns |url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/history.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=21 March 2016 |date=22 January 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325152025/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/history.html |archivedate=25 March 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>|deaths=}}'''Penyakit Legionnaires''', atau '''legionellosis''', adalah suatu bentuk pneumonia atipikal yang terjadi karena, semua tipe jenis bakteri dari ''Legionella''. <ref name="CDC2016Start">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) About the Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325025955/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Batuk]], sesak, [[demam]] yang tinggi, nyeri otot, dan [[sakit kepala]] merupakan tanda gejala dari penyakit ini. <ref name="CDC2016Sign" /> Kejadian [[mual]], [[muntah]], dan [[diare]] juga bisa terjadi pada penyakit ini. <ref name="pmid26231463">{{Cite journal|date=23 January 2016|title=Legionnaires' disease|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10016|pages=376–385|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60078-2|pmid=26231463|vauthors=Cunha BA, Burillo A, Bouza E}}</ref> Kemunculannya sering kali dimulai saat 2 hingga 10 hari pasca paparan. <ref name="CDC2016Sign">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Signs and Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312111315/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>


Bakteri jenis ini ditemukan umum pada [[air tawar]] . <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Bakteri ini bisa mencemari tempat penyimpanan air seperti tangki air panas, bak mandi air panas, dan [[menara pendingin]] [[Pengondisi udara|AC]] besar. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Umumnya penyebaran penyakit ini udara seperti melalui menghirup kabut yang mengandung bakteri. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Penyebarannya juga bisa terjadi saat air yang terkontaminasi masuk kedalam tubuh. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Biasanya penularan penyakit ini tidak secara langsung antar manusia, dan sebagian besar orang yang terpapar tidak langsung tertular. <ref name="CDC2016Cau">{{Cite web|date=9 March 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Causes and Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023304/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Usia tua, adanya riwayat merokok, PPOK dan kekebalan tubuh yang buruk menjadi risiko terinfeksinya penyakit ini. <ref name="CDC2016Risk">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) People at Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/people-risk.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327031642/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/people-risk.html|archive-date=27 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2018|title=Legionella: Causes, How it Spreads, and People at Increased Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023304/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=17 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Orang-orang penderita pneumonia berat dan orang-orang dengan penyakit pneumonia juga ada riwayat perjalanan harus melakukan uji tes antigen dari kultur dahak, dan urine. <ref name="CDC2015SymP">{{Cite web|date=28 October 2015|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Clinical Features|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/clinical-features.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312132323/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/clinical-features.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CDC2016Diag">{{Cite web|date=3 November 2015|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Diagnostic Testing|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/diagnostic-testing.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312051622/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/diagnostic-testing.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bakteri jenis ini ditemukan umum pada [[air tawar]] . <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Bakteri ini bisa mencemari tempat penyimpanan air seperti tangki air panas, bak mandi air panas, dan [[menara pendingin]] [[Pengondisi udara|AC]] besar. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Umumnya penyebaran penyakit ini udara seperti melalui menghirup kabut yang mengandung bakteri. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Penyebarannya juga bisa terjadi saat air yang terkontaminasi masuk kedalam tubuh. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Biasanya penularan penyakit ini tidak secara langsung antar manusia, dan sebagian besar orang yang terpapar tidak langsung tertular. <ref name="CDC2016Cau">{{Cite web|date=9 March 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Causes and Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023304/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Usia tua, adanya riwayat merokok, PPOK dan kekebalan tubuh yang buruk menjadi risiko terinfeksinya penyakit ini. <ref name="CDC2016Risk">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) People at Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/people-risk.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327031642/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/people-risk.html|archive-date=27 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2018|title=Legionella: Causes, How it Spreads, and People at Increased Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023304/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=17 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Orang-orang penderita pneumonia berat dan orang-orang dengan penyakit pneumonia juga ada riwayat perjalanan harus melakukan uji tes antigen dari kultur dahak, dan urine. <ref name="CDC2015SymP">{{Cite web|date=28 October 2015|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Clinical Features|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/clinical-features.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312132323/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/clinical-features.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CDC2016Diag">{{Cite web|date=3 November 2015|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Diagnostic Testing|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/diagnostic-testing.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312051622/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/diagnostic-testing.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Revisi terkini sejak 11 Juli 2024 16.20

Legionnaires' disease
Chest X-ray of a severe case of legionellosis upon admission to the emergency department.
Informasi umum
Nama lainLegionellosis,[1] legion fever
SpesialisasiInfectious disease, pulmonology
PenyebabBacteria of the Legionella type (spread by contaminated mist)[2][3]
Faktor risikoOlder age, history of smoking, chronic lung disease, poor immune function[4]
Aspek klinis
Gejala dan tandaCough, shortness of breath, fever, muscle pains, headaches[5]
Awal muncul2–10 days after exposure[5]
DiagnosisUrinary antigen test, sputum culture[6]
Tata laksana
PencegahanGood maintenance of water systems[7]
PerawatanAntibiotics[8]
Prognosis10% risk of death[8]
Prevalensi~13,000 severe cases a year (US)[9]

Penyakit Legionnaires, atau legionellosis, adalah suatu bentuk pneumonia atipikal yang terjadi karena, semua tipe jenis bakteri dari Legionella. [2] Batuk, sesak, demam yang tinggi, nyeri otot, dan sakit kepala merupakan tanda gejala dari penyakit ini. [5] Kejadian mual, muntah, dan diare juga bisa terjadi pada penyakit ini. [1] Kemunculannya sering kali dimulai saat 2 hingga 10 hari pasca paparan. [5]

Bakteri jenis ini ditemukan umum pada air tawar . [3] Bakteri ini bisa mencemari tempat penyimpanan air seperti tangki air panas, bak mandi air panas, dan menara pendingin AC besar. [3] Umumnya penyebaran penyakit ini udara seperti melalui menghirup kabut yang mengandung bakteri. [3] Penyebarannya juga bisa terjadi saat air yang terkontaminasi masuk kedalam tubuh. [3] Biasanya penularan penyakit ini tidak secara langsung antar manusia, dan sebagian besar orang yang terpapar tidak langsung tertular. [3] Usia tua, adanya riwayat merokok, PPOK dan kekebalan tubuh yang buruk menjadi risiko terinfeksinya penyakit ini. [4] [10] Orang-orang penderita pneumonia berat dan orang-orang dengan penyakit pneumonia juga ada riwayat perjalanan harus melakukan uji tes antigen dari kultur dahak, dan urine. [11] [6]

Belum ada vaksin yang tersedia untuk penyakit ini. [7] Upaya pencegahan diarahkan pada jaringan penyediaan air yang baik. [7] Penggunaan antibiotik salah satu pengobatan yang digunakan untuk penyakit Legionnaires. [8] Golongan obat antibiotik yang direkomendasikan adalah fluoroquinolones, azitromisin, atau doksisiklin . [12] Rawat inap seringkali diperlukan untuk mengatasi kondisi ini. [11] Sekitar 10% dari mereka yang terinfeksi meninggal. [8]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ a b Cunha BA, Burillo A, Bouza E (23 January 2016). "Legionnaires' disease". Lancet. 387 (10016): 376–385. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60078-2. PMID 26231463. 
  2. ^ a b "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) About the Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Causes and Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 9 March 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  4. ^ a b "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) People at Risk". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  5. ^ a b c d "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Signs and Symptoms". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  6. ^ a b "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Diagnostic Testing". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 3 November 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  7. ^ a b c "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Prevention". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  8. ^ a b c d "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Treatment and Complications". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  9. ^ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) History and Disease Patterns". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  10. ^ "Legionella: Causes, How it Spreads, and People at Increased Risk". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 30 April 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2019. 
  11. ^ a b "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Clinical Features". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 October 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2016. 
  12. ^ Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. (1 March 2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 Suppl 2: S27–72. doi:10.1086/511159. PMC 7107997 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 17278083. 
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