Adrenomedulin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| title = Adrenomedullin and tumour angiogenesis |
| title = Adrenomedullin and tumour angiogenesis |
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| accessdate = 2011-07-17 |
| accessdate = 2011-07-17 |
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| work = Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, |
| work = Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Institute for Biomedical Research, Birmingham University Medical School; L L Nikitenko, S B Fox, S Kehoe, M C P Rees, dan R Bicknell |
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}}</ref> yang berperan memadamkan respon [[radang]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web |
}}</ref> yang berperan memadamkan respon [[radang]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981333 |
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981333 |
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| work = Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Meghan L. Marre, Courtney T. Darcy, Janeth Yinh, Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Allen C. Steere, dan Linden T. Hu |
| work = Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Meghan L. Marre, Courtney T. Darcy, Janeth Yinh, Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Allen C. Steere, dan Linden T. Hu |
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}}</ref> |
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AM pertama kali ditemukan pada [[kelenjar adrenal]] bagian medulla dan [[jaringan]] [[feokromositoma]] yang berasal dari adrenal medulla, dan dikenali sebagai [[hormon]] [[protein|peptida]] mirip [[CGRP]] dengan panjang 52 [[asam amino|AA]] yang dapat menurunkan [[tekanan darah]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8387282 |
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| title = Adrenomedullin: a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromocytoma. |
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| accessdate = 2011-07-17 |
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| work = Department of First Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College; Kitamura K, Kangawa K, Kawamoto M, Ichiki Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo H, Eto T. |
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}}</ref> dengan meningkatkan kadar [[adenosina monofosfat siklik|cAMP]] dalam [[keping darah]]. Pemberian [[infus]] AM pada [[hewan]] akan menyebabkan [[vasodilatasi]], [[diuresis]], [[natriuresis]] dan menghambat [[sekresi]] [[aldosteron]]. |
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Berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan [[plasma darah|plasma]] AM pada penderita ''hemorrhagic shock'' dan ''cardiogenic shock'', ''ischemia-reperfusion injury'', ''systemic inflammatory response syndrome'', [[hipoksia]] maupun setelah menjalani operasi [[bedah mayor]]. Hal ini dianggap sebagai mekanisme perlindungan yang dimiliki AM, namun berbagai studi telah membuktikan bahwa peran tunggal dari AM tidak cukup untuk mencegah cedera pada organ, setelah terjadi [[pendarahan]] maupun [[resusitasi]]. Saat terjadi cedera pada jaringan, yang ditunjukkan dengan simtoma paraklinis berupa peningkatan [[enzim]] [[transaminase]], [[asam laktat]], [[kreatinina]], [[sitokina]] [[faktor nekrosis tumor-alfa|TNF-α]] dan [[interleukin-6|IL-6]]; pemberian AM beserta protein pengikatnya dapat menurunkan kadar sitokina kecuali [[transaminase alanina|ALT]], [[transaminase aspartat|AST]], asam laktat dan kreatinina. |
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== Rujukan == |
== Rujukan == |
Revisi per 17 Juli 2011 14.08
Adrenomedulin (bahasa Inggris: adrenomedullin, AM) adalah hormon vasoaktif,[1] angiogenik,[2] yang berperan memadamkan respon radang.[3]
AM pertama kali ditemukan pada kelenjar adrenal bagian medulla dan jaringan feokromositoma yang berasal dari adrenal medulla, dan dikenali sebagai hormon peptida mirip CGRP dengan panjang 52 AA yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah,[4] dengan meningkatkan kadar cAMP dalam keping darah. Pemberian infus AM pada hewan akan menyebabkan vasodilatasi, diuresis, natriuresis dan menghambat sekresi aldosteron.
Berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan plasma AM pada penderita hemorrhagic shock dan cardiogenic shock, ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hipoksia maupun setelah menjalani operasi bedah mayor. Hal ini dianggap sebagai mekanisme perlindungan yang dimiliki AM, namun berbagai studi telah membuktikan bahwa peran tunggal dari AM tidak cukup untuk mencegah cedera pada organ, setelah terjadi pendarahan maupun resusitasi. Saat terjadi cedera pada jaringan, yang ditunjukkan dengan simtoma paraklinis berupa peningkatan enzim transaminase, asam laktat, kreatinina, sitokina TNF-α dan IL-6; pemberian AM beserta protein pengikatnya dapat menurunkan kadar sitokina kecuali ALT, AST, asam laktat dan kreatinina.
Rujukan
- ^ (Inggris)"Human vasoactive hormone adrenomedullin and its binding protein rescue experimental animals from shock". Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center & The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Rongqian Wu, Weifeng Dong, Xiaoling Qiang, Youxin Ji, Tianpen Cui, Juntao Yang, Mian Zhou, Steven Blau, Corrado P. Marini, Thanjavur S. Ravikumar, and Ping Wang. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-17.
- ^ (Inggris)"Adrenomedullin and tumour angiogenesis". Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Institute for Biomedical Research, Birmingham University Medical School; L L Nikitenko, S B Fox, S Kehoe, M C P Rees, dan R Bicknell. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-17.
- ^ (Inggris)"Role of Adrenomedullin in Lyme Disease". Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Meghan L. Marre, Courtney T. Darcy, Janeth Yinh, Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Allen C. Steere, dan Linden T. Hu. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-17.
- ^ (Inggris)"Adrenomedullin: a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromocytoma". Department of First Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College; Kitamura K, Kangawa K, Kawamoto M, Ichiki Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo H, Eto T. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-17.