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==Gambar tambahan==
==Gambar tambahan==

<gallery>
<!-- Deleted image removed: File:Facial nerve.JPG|Facial nerve after dissection. -->
File:Cranial endobasis of a 19-20 weeks foetus.JPG|Facial nerve
File:Brain human normal inferior view with labels en.svg|Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
Image:Gray507.png|Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries.
Image:Gray567.png|Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain.
Image:Gray689.png|Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Image:Gray719.png|Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.
Image:Gray780.png|The sphenopalatine ganglion and its branches.
Image:Gray781.png|Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve.
Image:Gray782.png|Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
Image:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
Image:Gray789.png |The course and connections of the facial nerve in the [[temporal bone]].
Image:Gray792.png|Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
Image:Gray911.png|View of the inner wall of the tympanum (enlarged.)
Image:Gray912.png|The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above.
Image:Gray922.png|Position of the right bony labyrinth of the ear in the skull, viewed from above.
Image:Facial nerve dissected.jpg|Facial nerve dissected
Image:Gray1209.png|Left temporal bone showing surface markings for the tympanic antrum (red), transverse sinus (blue), and facial nerve (yellow).
Image:Gray1210.png|Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.
<!-- Missing image removed: Image:Illu cranial nerves.jpg|Cranial nerves -->
Image:Head facial nerve branches.jpg|Head facial nerve branches
File:Facial nerve at foetus 1.jpg|Facial nerve at foetus
File:Facial nerve at foetus 2.jpg|Facial nerve at foetus
File:Facial nerve at foetus 3.jpg|Facial nerve at foetus
File:Facial nerve at foetus 4.jpg|Facial nerve at foetus
Image:Facial canal.png|Facial canal
File:Slide1rrrr.JPG|Facial nerve
</gallery>


==Lihat pula==
==Lihat pula==

Revisi per 8 Agustus 2012 04.09

Saraf fasialis
Cranial nerve VII
The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.
Latin nervus facialis
Persarafan
Asal
Ke


Saraf Kranial
CN I – Olfaktorius
CN II – Optikus
CN III – Okulomotor
CN IV – Troklearis
CN V – Trigeminus
CN VI – Abdusen
CN VII – Fasialis
CN VIII – Vestibulokoklearis
CN IX – Glosofaringeal
CN X – Vagus
CN XI – Aksesorius
CN XII – Hipoglossus
Kotak ini:

Saraf fasialis adalah saraf kranialis ke-7 berperan besar dalam mengatur ekspresi dan indra perasa di kulit wajah manusia. Saraf fasialis memiliki 2 komponen utama. Komponen yang lebih besar merupakan murni saraf motorik dan berperan dalam persarafan otot ekspresi wajah. Komponen ini yang merupakan saraf fasialis sesungguhnya. Akan tetapi sepanjang perjalanan komponen besar terdapat komponen yang lebih tipis yang disebut saraf intermedius. Saraf intermedius mengandung serabut saraf viseral dan serabut aferen somatis.[1]

Fungsi

Saraf fasialis utamanya berperan dalam memasok impuls untuk otot-otot ekspresi wajah. Disamping itu saraf fasialis juga berfungsi sebagai: • Penyalur sensasi dari bagian anterior lidah dan rongga mulut • Melalui persarafan parasimpatis saraf facialis, kelenjar saliva,lakrimal, hidung dan kelenjar palatina bisa menghasilkan sekret [2]

Letak

Saraf fasialis berasal dari sudut cerebellopontine - bagian lateral dari persimpangan pontomedullary • Memiliki dua akar saraf yang berdekatan yakni motor root (lebih besar, lebih medial)dan saraf intermedius (lebih kecil, lebih lateral) - disebut saraf intermedius karena ditemukan diantara dua saraf yang lebih besar (akar utama VII dan VIII). Nervus intermedius memiliki serat parasimpatis dan sensorik dan yang awalnya merupakan bagian dari saraf VIII.[2]

Kelainan Saraf Fasialis

  1. Penyakit Parotis

Tumor parotis, trauma atau operasi parotis dapat merusak cabang dari saraf fasialis. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan palsy wajah ipsilateral(satu sisi) dan kehilangan fungsi fungsionalnya. Sejauh ini tidak ada pasien yang dapat pulih sempurna dari kondisi ini.

  1. Gangguang pada otot Stapedius: hyperacusis[2]

Disfungsi dari otot terkecil diakibatkan oleh saraf fasialis dapat menyebabkan gejala yang menyedihkan. Otot stapedius mengatur gerakan dari rantai tulang pendengaran dan jika tidak aktif, suara akan menyimpang dan bergema yang diswebut kelainan hyperacusis[2]

  1. Bell palsy

Merupakan kelainan yang sering dijumpai akibat kerusakan saraf fasialis, biasa disebut facial palsy. Etiologi sebenarnya hingga kini masih belum diketahui secara pasti. Akan tetapi beberapa faktor seperti spasme pembuluh darah arteri di kanal wajah yang memasok nutrisi dari saraf fasialis ataupun peradangan dan pembengkakan saraf dalam kanal tulang kemungkinan bertanggung jawab terhadap kondisi ini.[2]

Gambar tambahan

  • Facial nerve
    Facial nerve
  • Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
    Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
  • Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries.
    Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries.
  • Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain.
    Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain.
  • Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
    Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
  • Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.
    Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.
  • The sphenopalatine ganglion and its branches.
    The sphenopalatine ganglion and its branches.
  • Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve.
    Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve.
  • Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
    Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
  • Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
    Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
  • The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone.
    The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone.
  • Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
    Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
  • View of the inner wall of the tympanum (enlarged.)
    View of the inner wall of the tympanum (enlarged.)
  • The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above.
    The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above.
  • Position of the right bony labyrinth of the ear in the skull, viewed from above.
    Position of the right bony labyrinth of the ear in the skull, viewed from above.
  • Facial nerve dissected
    Facial nerve dissected
  • Left temporal bone showing surface markings for the tympanic antrum (red), transverse sinus (blue), and facial nerve (yellow).
    Left temporal bone showing surface markings for the tympanic antrum (red), transverse sinus (blue), and facial nerve (yellow).
  • Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.
    Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.
  • Head facial nerve branches
    Head facial nerve branches
  • Facial nerve at foetus
    Facial nerve at foetus
  • Facial nerve at foetus
    Facial nerve at foetus
  • Facial nerve at foetus
    Facial nerve at foetus
  • Facial nerve at foetus
    Facial nerve at foetus
  • Facial canal
    Facial canal
  • Facial nerve
    Facial nerve

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ (Inggris) M Baehr and M Frotscher (2005). Duus' Topical Diagnosis in Neurology. Thieme. ISBN 158890-2153. 
  2. ^ a b c d e (Inggris) STANLEY MONKHOUSE MA, MB, BChir, PhD (2006). Cranial Nerve Functional Anatomy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN-13 978-0-511-13272-8. 

Pranala luar

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