Operasi Odyssey Dawn: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Operation Odyssey Dawn |
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| partof = the [[Intervensi militer AS 2011]] and the [[Perang Sipil Libya]] |
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| image = [[File:USS Barry fires Tomahawk missile Libya.png|border|300px]] |
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| caption = The {{USS|Barry|DDG-52}} fires a [[Tomahawk (missile)|Tomahawk cruise missile]] during Operation Odyssey Dawn. |
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| tanggal = 19–31 Maret 2011 |
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| place = Libya |
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| coordinates = |
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| territory = |
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| result = |
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| result = Kemenangan [[NATO]] secara mutlak<br />Pembuatan zona larang terbang<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/20/us.mullen.libya/index.html?hpt=T1|title=Mullen: No-fly zone effectively in place in Libya|last=Cohen|first=Tom|date=20 March 2011|publisher=CNN|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref><br /> |
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| combatant1 = {{flag|Belgium}}<br />{{flag|Canada}}<br />{{flag|Denmark}}<br />{{flag|Italy}}<br />{{flag|Netherlands}}<br />{{flag|Norway}}<br>{{flag|Qatar}}<br />{{flag|Spain}}<br />{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}} |
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| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977}}}} |
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| commander1={{flagicon|USA}} [[Barack Obama]]<small><br />Presiden Amerika Serikat and<br />Commander in Chief dari Angkatan Bersenjata AS</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Gates]]<small><br />U.S. Secretary of Defense</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|USA}} [[Carter Ham|GEN Carter Ham]], USA<small><br />U.S. Africa Command Commander</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|USA}} [[Samuel J. Locklear|ADM Samuel Locklear]], USN<small><br />Joint Task Force Commander</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|USA}} [[Harry B. Harris|VADM Harry Harris]], USN<small><br />Joint Forces Maritime Component Commander</small><br /> |
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{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Margaret H. Woodward|Maj Gen Margaret Woodward]], USAF<small><br />Joint Forces Air Component Commander</small>}} |
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|commander2= {{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Muammar Gaddafi]]{{KIA}}<small><br />De facto Commander-in-Chief</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr]]{{KIA}}<small><br />Menteri Pertahanan Libya</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Khamis Gaddafi|Khamis al-Gaddafi]]{{KIA}}<small><br />[[Khamis Brigade]] Komandan</small><br /> |
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{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Ali Sharif al-Rifi]]<small><br />[[Libyan Air Force (1951-2011)|Air Force]] Komandan</small> |
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| units1 = |
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| units2 = |
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| units3 = |
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| strength1 = 80 pesawat tempur <br /> 40 pesawat pendukung <br /> 3 [[kapal selam]] <br /> 11 [[kapal perang]] |
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| strength2 = 490 tanks<br />{{nowrap|240 mobile rocket launchers}}<!-- no wrapped because longest entry in right column --><br />35 helicopters<br />113 air-land attack fighters<br />229 air fighters<br />7 bombers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2011/03/gaddafi-attacked-city-of-misrata-us-to.html |title=Gaddafi Attacked City of Misrata; US to Bomb More , The World Reporter: News Opinion and Analysis |publisher=The World Reporter |accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> |
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| strength3 = |
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| casualties1 = {{flagicon|USA}} 1 F-15E (kerusakan mesin,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/03/f-15-pilots-eject-over-libya-after-equipment-malfunction/ |title=F-15 Crew Ejects Over Libya After Mechanical Failure |last1=Ackerman |first1=Spencer |date=22 March 2011 |work=Danger Room, Wired.com |publisher=Condé Nast |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref> kru selamat<ref name="USMCrescue" />) <br />1 [[Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout|MQ-8B Fire Scout]] (ditembak jatuh<ref>{{cite news |title=Navy: UAV likely downed by pro-Gadhafi forces |author=Joshua Stewart |url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/08/navy-fire-scout-likely-shot-down-libya-080511w/ |newspaper=Navy Times |date=5 August 2011 |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref>) |
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| casualties2 = Banyak pertahanan anti-udara rusak |
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| casualties3 = 114 penduduk sipil terbunuh and 445 terluka (Klaim dari Libya)*<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/9436749.stm|title=Mid-East crisis as it happened: 25 March |date=25 March 2011|accessdate=25 March 2011|work=BBC News }}</ref><br>40 civilians killed (di Tripoli, menurut Vatican)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=214560|title=Vatican: Airstrikes killed 40 civilians in Tripoli |date=31 March 2011|accessdate=31 March 2011}}</ref> |
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| notes = '''*'''Pendapat dari pihak Libya belum dapat dikonfirmasi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/03/201132094116102192.html|title=Gaddafi denounces foreign intervention|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=20 March 2011|accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref> Militer AS tidak tahu bila ada korban di pihak sipil<ref>{{cite news|author=By the CNN Wire Staff |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/20/libya.civil.war/ |title=CNN. March 20, 2011|publisher=CNN|accessdate=19 May 2011 |date=21 March 2011}}</ref> |
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}} |
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'''Operasi Odyssey Dawn''' adalah kata sandi untuk partisipasi [[Amerika Serikat]] di dalam penegakan zona larangan terbang [[Libya]]<ref name=DODNewsArticle>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=63225 |title=News Article: Coalition Launches Operation Odyssey Dawn |publisher=Defense.gov |date=2009-03-12 |accessdate=2011-03-19}}</ref>. Operasi militer yang dilakukan [[Britania Raya]] adalah [[Operasi Ellamy]], [[Kanada]] melakukan [[Operasi MOBILE]], dan [[Perancis]] melakukan [[Operasi Harmattan]]. |
'''Operasi Odyssey Dawn''' adalah kata sandi untuk partisipasi [[Amerika Serikat]] di dalam penegakan zona larangan terbang [[Libya]]<ref name=DODNewsArticle>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=63225 |title=News Article: Coalition Launches Operation Odyssey Dawn |publisher=Defense.gov |date=2009-03-12 |accessdate=2011-03-19}}</ref>. Operasi militer yang dilakukan [[Britania Raya]] adalah [[Operasi Ellamy]], [[Kanada]] melakukan [[Operasi MOBILE]], dan [[Perancis]] melakukan [[Operasi Harmattan]]. |
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==Pasukan yang dikerahkan== |
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* {{flag icon|BEL}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Belgia]] |
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** [[Belgian Air Component]] |
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*** 6 [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16AM 15MLU Falcon]] pesawat tempur beroperasi dari [[Araxos|Araxos Air Base]], Yunani. |
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* {{flag icon|CAN}} [[Canadian Forces]] |
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** [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]<ref name="forces1">[http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/feature-vedette/2011/02/updates-misesajour/03-22-2011-eng.asp "Update on CF Operations in Libya"] Canadian Forces website, 22 March 2011</ref> |
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***Total 440 personel |
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*** 7 [[pesawat tempur]] [[CF-188 Hornet|CF-18 Hornet]] berasal dari [[Trapani-Birgi Airport]], Italia |
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*** 2 [[pesawat pengisi bahan bakar]] [[Airbus CC-150 Polaris]] beroperasi dari [[Trapani-Birgi Airport]], Italia |
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*** 2 [[pesawat patroli maritim]] [[Lockheed CP-140 Aurora]] beroperasi dari [[Naval Air Station Sigonella]], Sisilia, Italia |
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*** 2 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|CC-177 Globemaster III]] |
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*** 2 [[pesawat pengangkut]] [[CC-130J Super Hercules]] |
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** [[Royal Canadian Navy]]<ref name="forces1"/> |
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*** [[Fregat]] {{HMCS|Charlottetown|FFH 339|6}}<ref>[http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?cat=00&id=3758 "Canadian Forces Deploy Maritime Patrol Aircraft In Response To Situation In Libya"] Canadian Forces website, 25 March 2011</ref> |
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* {{flag icon|DEN}} [[Danish Defence|Danish Armed Forces]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/ECE1227910/denmark-to-send-squadron-on-libya-op/ |title=Denmark to send squadron on Libya op |language=Danish |publisher=Politiken.dk |date=14 March 2011 |accessdate=19 March 2011}}</ref> |
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** [[Royal Danish Air Force]] |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tempur]] [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16AM 15MLU Falcon]] |
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*** 1 [[pesawat pengangkut]] [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J-30]] |
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* {{flag icon|ITA}} [[Italian Armed Forces]] |
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** [[Italian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainews24.it/it/news.php?newsid=151184 |title=La Russa: Presto altri aerei italiani |publisher=rainews24.it |date=22 March 2011|accessdate=22 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 4 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado ECR]] |
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*** 4 [[pesawat tempur]] [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16A 15ADF Falcon]] yang berfungsi sebagai pengawal |
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*** 1 [[pesawat pengisi bahan bakar]] [[C-130J Super Hercules|C-130 J]] beroperasi dari Trapani Air Base |
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* {{flag icon|Netherlands}} [[Armed forces of the Netherlands|Netherlands Armed Forces]] |
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** [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]<ref name=F16net>Lieven Dewitte (24 March 2011) [http://www.f-16.net/news_article4320.html Dutch contribute six F-16s and a KDC-10 to Odyssey Dawn] F-16.net</ref><ref name=UKParl>Claire Taylor and Ben Smith (4 April 2011) [http://www.parliament.uk/briefingpapers/commons/lib/research/briefings/snia-05909.pdf Military Operations in Libya] House of Commons Library, [http://www.parliament.uk/ www.parliament.uk] (UK Parliament Website)</ref> |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tempur]] [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16AM 15MLU Falcon]] dari [[Decimomannu Air Base]], Italia |
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*** 1 [[pesawat pengisi bahan bakar]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|KDC10]] |
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* {{flag icon|NOR}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Norwegia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fvn.no/nyheter/innenriks/article848806.ece |title=> Norske fly under amerikansk kommando |publisher=fvn.no |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=23 March 2011 |url=http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/03/23/fighter-jets-go-under-us-command/ |title=Fighter jets put under US command : Views and News from Norway |publisher=Newsinenglish.no |date=23 March 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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**[[Royal Norwegian Air Force]] |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tempur]] [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16AM 15MLU Falcon]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/03/20/nyheter/libya/utenriks/muammar_kadhafi/kadhafi/15879797/ |title=Vet ikke hvilke farer som møter dem – nyheter |publisher=Dagbladet.no |date=20 March 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 2 [[pesawat pengangkut]] [[C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J-30]] untuk mendukung pasukan Norwegia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4076935.ece |title=Faremo: – Ikke aktuelt å væpne libyske opprørere – Nyheter – Innenriks |publisher=Aftenposten.no |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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* {{flag icon|QAT}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Qatar]] |
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** [[Qatar Emiri Air Force]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123248695|title=New coalition member flies first sortie enforcing no-fly zone over Libya|publisher=Joint Task Force Odyssey Dawn Public Affairs |date=25 March 2011 |accessdate=15 April 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tempur]] [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000-5EDA]] |
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*** 2 [[pesawat pengangkut]] [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17 Globemaster III]] |
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* {{flag icon|ESP}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Spanyol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mde.es/gabinete/notasPrensa/2011/03/DGC_110321_primeramision_f18.html |title=Ministerio de Defensa – Dos cazas y el avión de reabastecimiento realizan la primera patrulla aérea en Libia |publisher=Mde.es |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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** [[Angkatan Udara Spanyol]] |
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*** 4 [[pesawat tempur]] [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|EF-18AM Hornet]] |
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*** 1 [[pesawat pengisi bahan bakar]] [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-331B(KC)]] |
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*** 1 [[CN-235]] [[pesawat patroli maritim]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larazon.es/noticia/824-luz-verde-para-abrir-fuego |title=Las fuerzas españolas tienen luz verde para abrir fuego |publisher=larazon.es |accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> |
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** [[Angkatan Laut Spanyol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5xQrG961V |title=Spanish Fighter Jets Complete First Patrol Over Libya |publisher=webcitation.org |accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> |
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*** [[Fregat]][[Aegis Combat System|AEGIS]] [[Álvaro de Bazán class frigate|F-104 Méndez Núñez]] |
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*** [[Kapal selam pemburu]] [[S-74 Tramontana]] |
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* {{flag icon|UAE}} [[Union Defence Force (UAE)|Union Defence Force]]<ref>{{cite web|author=(AFP) – 27 Mar 2011 |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jyHWoopR-bfPx_fWg_9a5HgpSBPQ?docId=CNG.82fce0d1e069b2865b114176f57c0264.2a1 |title=AFP: UAE fighter jets arrive in Italy for Libya operations |publisher=Google |date=27 March 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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** [[Angkatan Udara United Arab Emirates]] |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tempur]] [[F-16 Fighting Falcon variants#F-16E/F|F-16E/F Block 60 Falcon]] |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tempur]] [[Dassault Mirage 2000]] |
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* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] |
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** [[United States Navy]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Dagher |first=Sam |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704021504576211690643186556.html |title=Allies Press Libya Attacks |work=The Wall Street Journal |date= 21 March 2011|accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** {{USS|Mount Whitney|LCC-20}}, kapal komando [[Armada Keenam Amerika Serikat]] |
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**** The ''Kearsarge'' [[amphibious ready group|Amphibious Ready Group]], terdiri dari : |
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***** {{USS|Kearsarge|LHD-3}}, a {{sclass|Wasp|kapal serang amfibi}} |
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***** {{USS|Ponce|LPD-15}}, an {{sclass|Austin|kapal transportasi}} |
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***** [[USS Carter Hall (LSD-50)|USS ''Carter Hall'' (LSD-50)]], kapal [[Harpers Ferry class dock landing ship|''Harpers Ferry''-class]] [[kapal pendarat]] |
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***** bersama dengan [[26th Marine Expeditionary Unit]] |
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**** {{USS|Barry|DDG-52}}, ''[[Arleigh Burke class destroyer|Arleigh Burke]]''-class [[kapal perusak]] |
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**** {{USS|Stout|DDG-55}}, ''[[Arleigh Burke class destroyer|Arleigh Burke]]''-class [[kapal perusak]] |
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**** {{USS|Providence|SSN-719}}, ''[[Los Angeles class submarine|Los Angeles]]''-class [[kapal selam nuklir]]{{#tag:ref|USS ''Providence'' left the area some time around 27–28 March.<ref name="AFPMar29"/>|group=Note}} |
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**** {{USS|Scranton|SSN-756}}, ''[[Los Angeles class submarine|Los Angeles]]''-class [[kapal selam nuklir#United States Navy|nuclear attack submarine]] |
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**** {{USS|Florida|SSGN-728}}, {{sclass-|Ohio|submarine|0}} [[kapal selam]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Media |first=Defense |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59192 |title=U.S. Naval Forces Open Odyssey Dawn, Prepare No-Fly Zone |publisher=Navy.mil |accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> |
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**** {{USNS|Kanawha|T-AO-196|6}}, [[Henry J. Kaiser class oiler|''Henry J. Kaiser''-class]] [[Oiler (ship)|oiler]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2011/03/20/greek-defence-ministry-no-participation-in-operations-outside-the-nato/ |title=Greek Defence Ministry: No participation in operations outside the NATO |publisher=Keep Talking Greece |date=20 March 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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**** {{USNS|Lewis and Clark|T-AKE-1|6}}, {{sclass|Lewis and Clark|dry cargo ship}}<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/news/PAO_DJS_Slides_19Mar11_v3.pdf |format=PDF |title=Pentagon Briefing slides |publisher=United States Department of Defense}}</ref> |
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**** {{USNS|Robert E. Peary|T-AKE-5|6}}, {{sclass|Lewis and Clark|dry cargo ship}} |
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*** 5 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[Boeing EA-18G Growler|EA-18G Growler]] <ref name="CNNplanes"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=63272 |title=Roughead: Ships Were Ready for Odyssey Dawn |publisher=American Forces Press Service |date=23 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 2 [[pesawat patroli maritim]] [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P-3C Update 3]] |
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*** 2 [[pesawat patroli maritim]] [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P-3C AIP]] |
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** [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20044969-503543.html |title=Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields – World Watch |publisher=CBS News |date= 19 March 2011|accessdate=21 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 3 [[pesawat pembom strategis]] [[Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit|B-2 Spirit]] <ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|author=Morning Edition |url=http://www.npr.org/2011/03/21/134726240/No-Fly-Zone-Enforcer |title=B-2 Bombers From Missouri Hit Libyan Targets |publisher=NPR |date=21 March 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 2 [[pesawat pembom strategis]] [[Rockwell B-1 Lancer|B-1B]] <ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/us/29military.html?ref=africa|title=U.U. Gives Its Air Power Expansive Role In Libya|newspaper=The New York Times|date=28 March 2011|accessdate=29 March 2011|first=Eric|last=Schmitt}}</ref> |
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*** 10 [[pesawat tempur]] [[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle|F-15E Strike Eagle]] dari [[RAF Lakenheath]]<ref name="CNNplanes">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/20/libya.planes/|title=Wide array of U.S. warplanes used in Libya attacks|publisher=CNN|date=1 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1368043/Libya-US-Tomahawk-missiles-herald-beginning-end-Gaddafi.html|title='Odyssey Dawn': U.S. cruise missiles herald the beginning of the end for Gaddafi as the West loses patience with Libya|work=Daily Mail |location=UK |date=20 March 2011|first1=Glen|last1=Owen|first2=Brendan|last2=Carlin|first3=Ian|last3=Gallagher}}</ref> |
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*** 8 [[pesawat tempur]] [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16C Fighting Falcon]] dari [[Spangdahlem Air Base]] |
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*** 2 [[helikopter utilitas]] [[Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk|HH-60 Pave Hawk]] |
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*** 3 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[E-3 Sentry]] bertugas sebagai pesawat peringatan dini |
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*** 3 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS|E-8C]] sebagai pesawat manajemen pertempuran |
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*** 1 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call|EC-130H]] |
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*** 1 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[Lockheed EC-130|EC-130J]]sebagai pesawat untuk perang urat syaraf dan propaganda |
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*** 1 [[pesawat peperangan elektronik]] [[Boeing RC-135|RC-135V/W Rivet Joint]] untuk [[pengintaian elektronik]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-26/qaddafi-is-attacking-civilians-with-elite-units-official-says.html|title=Qaddafi Is Attacking Civilians With Elite Units, Official Says|work=Business Week |date=26 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 2 [[pesawat serang darat]] [[Lockheed AC-130|AC-130U]] gunships |
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*** 4 [[pesawat pengisi bahan bakar]] [[KC-10 Extender|KC-10A Extender]] |
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*** 20 [[pesawat pengisi bahan bakar]] [[KC-135 Stratotanker]] |
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*** 6 [[pesawat serang darat]] [[Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II|A-10 Thunderbolt]] |
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*** 6 [[pesawat tidak berawak]] [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|Global Hawk]] |
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*** Predator/Reaper UAV |
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** [[Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat]] |
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*** 4 [[pesawat serang darat]][[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|AV-8B Harrier II]] <ref name="CNNplanes"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2011/03/marine-jets-involved-in-libya-airstrikes-032011/|title=Marine jets involved in Libya airstrikes|date=20 March 2011|publisher=[[Marine Corps Times]]|accessdate=22 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 400 Marinir dari [[1st Battalion 2nd Marines]] from [[Camp Lejeune]] |
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*** 2 [[helikopter utilitas]] [[Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey|MV-22 Osprey]] dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.<ref name="USMCrescue">{{cite web|url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2011/03/marine-libya-pilot-rescue-details-released-032211w/|title=Details of Marines’ pilot rescue released|last=Lamothe|first=Dan|date=22 March 2011|publisher=Marine Corps Times|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> |
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*** 2[[Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion|CH-53E Super Stallion]]s dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.<ref name="USMCrescue" /> |
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*** 1 [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|KC-130J Hercules]] dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.<ref name="USMCrescue" /> |
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**[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |
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***Agen CIA mengumpulkan informasi politik dan militer<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/31/libya.war/index.html?hpt=T1 |publisher=CNN | title=U.S. officials, opposition warn Libya could get bloodier | date=1 April 2011}}</ref> |
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== Catatan == |
== Catatan == |
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<references /> |
<references group="Note"/> |
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== Referensi == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Protes Libya 2011}} |
{{Protes Libya 2011}} |
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{{militer-stub}} |
{{militer-stub}} |
Revisi per 26 Februari 2013 04.58
Operation Odyssey Dawn | |||||
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Bagian dari the Intervensi militer AS 2011 and the Perang Sipil Libya | |||||
![]() The USS Barry (DDG-52) fires a Tomahawk cruise missile during Operation Odyssey Dawn. | |||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||
![]() Joint Forces Air Component Commander |
![]() Air Force Komandan | ||||
Kekuatan | |||||
80 pesawat tempur 40 pesawat pendukung 3 kapal selam 11 kapal perang |
490 tanks 240 mobile rocket launchers 35 helicopters 113 air-land attack fighters 229 air fighters 7 bombers[2] | ||||
Korban | |||||
![]() 1 MQ-8B Fire Scout (ditembak jatuh[5]) | Banyak pertahanan anti-udara rusak | ||||
114 penduduk sipil terbunuh and 445 terluka (Klaim dari Libya)*[6] 40 civilians killed (di Tripoli, menurut Vatican)[7] | |||||
*Pendapat dari pihak Libya belum dapat dikonfirmasi[8] Militer AS tidak tahu bila ada korban di pihak sipil[9] |
Operasi Odyssey Dawn adalah kata sandi untuk partisipasi Amerika Serikat di dalam penegakan zona larangan terbang Libya[10]. Operasi militer yang dilakukan Britania Raya adalah Operasi Ellamy, Kanada melakukan Operasi MOBILE, dan Perancis melakukan Operasi Harmattan.
Pasukan yang dikerahkan
Angkatan Bersenjata Belgia
- Belgian Air Component
- 6 F-16AM 15MLU Falcon pesawat tempur beroperasi dari Araxos Air Base, Yunani.
- Belgian Air Component
Canadian Forces
- Royal Canadian Air Force[11]
- Total 440 personel
- 7 pesawat tempur CF-18 Hornet berasal dari Trapani-Birgi Airport, Italia
- 2 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar Airbus CC-150 Polaris beroperasi dari Trapani-Birgi Airport, Italia
- 2 pesawat patroli maritim Lockheed CP-140 Aurora beroperasi dari Naval Air Station Sigonella, Sisilia, Italia
- 2 CC-177 Globemaster III
- 2 pesawat pengangkut CC-130J Super Hercules
- Royal Canadian Navy[11]
- Royal Canadian Air Force[11]
Danish Armed Forces[13]
Italian Armed Forces
- Italian Air Force[14]
- 4 pesawat peperangan elektronik Tornado ECR
- 4 pesawat tempur F-16A 15ADF Falcon yang berfungsi sebagai pengawal
- 1 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar C-130 J beroperasi dari Trapani Air Base
- Italian Air Force[14]
Netherlands Armed Forces
Angkatan Bersenjata Norwegia[17][18]
- Royal Norwegian Air Force
- 6 pesawat tempur F-16AM 15MLU Falcon [19]
- 2 pesawat pengangkut C-130J-30 untuk mendukung pasukan Norwegia.[20]
- Royal Norwegian Air Force
Angkatan Bersenjata Qatar
Angkatan Bersenjata Spanyol[22]
Union Defence Force[25]
Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat
- United States Navy[26]
- USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20), kapal komando Armada Keenam Amerika Serikat
- The Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group, terdiri dari :
- USS Kearsarge (LHD-3), a kapal serang amfibi kelas Wasp
- USS Ponce (LPD-15), an kapal transportasi kelas Austin
- USS Carter Hall (LSD-50), kapal Harpers Ferry-class kapal pendarat
- bersama dengan 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit
- USS Barry (DDG-52), Arleigh Burke-class kapal perusak
- USS Stout (DDG-55), Arleigh Burke-class kapal perusak
- USS Providence (SSN-719), Los Angeles-class kapal selam nuklir[Note 1]
- USS Scranton (SSN-756), Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine
- USS Florida (SSGN-728), submarine kelas-Ohio kapal selam[28]
- USNS Kanawha, Henry J. Kaiser-class oiler [29]
- USNS Lewis and Clark, dry cargo ship kelas Lewis and Clark[30]
- USNS Robert E. Peary, dry cargo ship kelas Lewis and Clark
- The Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group, terdiri dari :
- 5 pesawat peperangan elektronik EA-18G Growler [31][32]
- 2 pesawat patroli maritim P-3C Update 3
- 2 pesawat patroli maritim P-3C AIP
- USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20), kapal komando Armada Keenam Amerika Serikat
- Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat[33]
- 3 pesawat pembom strategis B-2 Spirit [34]
- 2 pesawat pembom strategis B-1B [35]
- 10 pesawat tempur F-15E Strike Eagle dari RAF Lakenheath[31][36]
- 8 pesawat tempur F-16C Fighting Falcon dari Spangdahlem Air Base
- 2 helikopter utilitas HH-60 Pave Hawk
- 3 pesawat peperangan elektronik E-3 Sentry bertugas sebagai pesawat peringatan dini
- 3 pesawat peperangan elektronik E-8C sebagai pesawat manajemen pertempuran
- 1 pesawat peperangan elektronik EC-130H
- 1 pesawat peperangan elektronik EC-130Jsebagai pesawat untuk perang urat syaraf dan propaganda
- 1 pesawat peperangan elektronik RC-135V/W Rivet Joint untuk pengintaian elektronik[37]
- 2 pesawat serang darat AC-130U gunships
- 4 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar KC-10A Extender
- 20 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar KC-135 Stratotanker
- 6 pesawat serang darat A-10 Thunderbolt
- 6 pesawat tidak berawak Global Hawk
- Predator/Reaper UAV
- Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat
- 4 pesawat serang daratAV-8B Harrier II [31][38]
- 400 Marinir dari 1st Battalion 2nd Marines from Camp Lejeune
- 2 helikopter utilitas MV-22 Osprey dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.[4]
- 2CH-53E Super Stallions dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.[4]
- 1 KC-130J Hercules dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.[4]
- Central Intelligence Agency
- Agen CIA mengumpulkan informasi politik dan militer[39]
- United States Navy[26]
Catatan
Referensi
- ^ Cohen, Tom (20 March 2011). "Mullen: No-fly zone effectively in place in Libya". CNN. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2011.
- ^ "Gaddafi Attacked City of Misrata; US to Bomb More , The World Reporter: News Opinion and Analysis". The World Reporter. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
- ^ Ackerman, Spencer (22 March 2011). "F-15 Crew Ejects Over Libya After Mechanical Failure". Danger Room, Wired.com. Condé Nast. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2013.
- ^ a b c d Lamothe, Dan (22 March 2011). "Details of Marines' pilot rescue released". Marine Corps Times. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2011.
- ^ Joshua Stewart (5 August 2011). "Navy: UAV likely downed by pro-Gadhafi forces". Navy Times. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2013.
- ^ "Mid-East crisis as it happened: 25 March ". BBC News. 25 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2011.
- ^ "Vatican: Airstrikes killed 40 civilians in Tripoli". 31 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2011.
- ^ "Gaddafi denounces foreign intervention". Al Jazeera English. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2011.
- ^ By the CNN Wire Staff (21 March 2011). "CNN. March 20, 2011". CNN. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ "News Article: Coalition Launches Operation Odyssey Dawn". Defense.gov. 2009-03-12. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-19.
- ^ a b "Update on CF Operations in Libya" Canadian Forces website, 22 March 2011
- ^ "Canadian Forces Deploy Maritime Patrol Aircraft In Response To Situation In Libya" Canadian Forces website, 25 March 2011
- ^ "Denmark to send squadron on Libya op" (dalam bahasa Danish). Politiken.dk. 14 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2011.
- ^ "La Russa: Presto altri aerei italiani". rainews24.it. 22 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2011.
- ^ Lieven Dewitte (24 March 2011) Dutch contribute six F-16s and a KDC-10 to Odyssey Dawn F-16.net
- ^ Claire Taylor and Ben Smith (4 April 2011) Military Operations in Libya House of Commons Library, www.parliament.uk (UK Parliament Website)
- ^ "> Norske fly under amerikansk kommando". fvn.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ 23 March 2011 (23 March 2011). "Fighter jets put under US command : Views and News from Norway". Newsinenglish.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ "Vet ikke hvilke farer som møter dem – nyheter". Dagbladet.no. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ "Faremo: – Ikke aktuelt å væpne libyske opprørere – Nyheter – Innenriks". Aftenposten.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ "New coalition member flies first sortie enforcing no-fly zone over Libya". Joint Task Force Odyssey Dawn Public Affairs. 25 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2011.
- ^ "Ministerio de Defensa – Dos cazas y el avión de reabastecimiento realizan la primera patrulla aérea en Libia". Mde.es. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ "Las fuerzas españolas tienen luz verde para abrir fuego". larazon.es. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.
- ^ "Spanish Fighter Jets Complete First Patrol Over Libya". webcitation.org. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.
- ^ (AFP) – 27 Mar 2011 (27 March 2011). "AFP: UAE fighter jets arrive in Italy for Libya operations". Google. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ Dagher, Sam (21 March 2011). "Allies Press Libya Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaAFPMar29
- ^ Media, Defense. "U.S. Naval Forces Open Odyssey Dawn, Prepare No-Fly Zone". Navy.mil. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
- ^ "Greek Defence Ministry: No participation in operations outside the NATO". Keep Talking Greece. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ "Pentagon Briefing slides" (PDF). United States Department of Defense.
- ^ a b c "Wide array of U.S. warplanes used in Libya attacks". CNN. 1 April 2011.
- ^ "Roughead: Ships Were Ready for Odyssey Dawn". American Forces Press Service. 23 March 2011.
- ^ "Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields – World Watch". CBS News. 19 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
- ^ Morning Edition (21 March 2011). "B-2 Bombers From Missouri Hit Libyan Targets". NPR. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
- ^ Schmitt, Eric (28 March 2011). "U.U. Gives Its Air Power Expansive Role In Libya". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2011.
- ^ Owen, Glen; Carlin, Brendan; Gallagher, Ian (20 March 2011). "'Odyssey Dawn': U.S. cruise missiles herald the beginning of the end for Gaddafi as the West loses patience with Libya". Daily Mail. UK.
- ^ "Qaddafi Is Attacking Civilians With Elite Units, Official Says". Business Week. 26 March 2011.
- ^ "Marine jets involved in Libya airstrikes". Marine Corps Times. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2011.
- ^ "U.S. officials, opposition warn Libya could get bloodier". CNN. 1 April 2011.