Wikipedia:Pranala luar: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Migrasi 47 pranala interwiki, karena telah disediakan oleh Wikidata pada item d:Q4657623 |
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Pranala luar |
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Artikel Wikipedia dapat mencantumkan [[pranala]] ke halaman web di luar Wikipedia. Halaman-halaman tersebut dapat memuat riset lebih lanjut yang akurat dan sesuai topik; informasi yang tidak dapat dimuat di dalam artikel karena alasan seperti hak cipta atau banyaknya detil (seperti statistik atlet profesional, transkrip wawancara, atau buku teks terhubung); atau bahan-bahan lain yang bermakna dan relevan yang tidak cocok untuk dicantumkan dalam suatu artikel (seperti penilaian atau wawancara). |
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Beberapa '''pranala luar''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''external link'') diizinkan untuk dicantumkan, tapi bukanlah tujuan Wikipedia untuk mengumpulkan suatu daftar pranala luar komprehensif yang berhubungan dengan tiap topik. Pencantuman suatu halaman luar dalam artikel Wikipedia haruslah dapat dijustifikasi. Harap diperhatikan bahwa karena Wikipedia menggunakan tag ''nofollow'', pencantuman suatu pranala luar tidak akan mengubah peringkat mesin pencari. |
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Jika suatu situs atau halaman yang akan Anda pautkan memiliki informasi yang belum dijadikan bagian dari artikel, pertimbangkan untuk menggunakannya sebagai sumber terlebih dulu. Baca [[Wikipedia:Mengutip sumber|pedoman kutipan]] untuk petunjuk bagaimana mengutip sumber. Pedoman ini membahas penggunaan pranala luar selain sebagai sumber kutipan. |
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== Hal penting untuk dimengerti == |
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{{pintas|[[WP:NOLINK]]}} |
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# {{anchors|1}}Jumlah pranala harus dibuat seminimal mungkin. Apabila artikel kekurangan atau hanya memiliki sedikit pranala luar, ini ''bukan'' alasan untuk menambahkan pranala luar baru. |
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# {{anchors|2}}Jangan berikan pranala luar pada bagian isi artikel. Selalu letakkan pranala pada bagian "Pranala luar" di akhir artikel ataupun dengan kode <nowiki><ref>[pranala referensi]</ref></nowiki>. |
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#* Jika Anda ingin menambahkan sebuah gambar, jangan letakkan pranalanya di artikel, tapi muatkanlah gambar tersebut lewat halaman {{I|pemuatan}}. Lihat juga {{B|Pemuatan|halaman bantuannya}}. |
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# {{anchors|3}}Hindari membuat lebih dari satu pranala luar ke situs yang sama. Carilah halaman paling tepat untuk dituju. |
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== Pranala yang dilarang == |
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Dikarenakan alasan kebijakan dan teknis, penyunting dilarang membuat pranala berikut, tanpa pengecualian: |
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# Situs yang melanggar hak cipta orang lain. Membuat pranala ke halaman yang isinya berhak cipta diperbolehkan, namun apabila anda mengetahui bahwa suatu situs menampilkan karya yang merupakan pelanggaran hak cipta, anda tidak boleh membuat pranala ke halaman tersebut. |
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# Situs yang terdaftar dalam [[M:Spam blacklist|blacklist spam]]. Pranala ini tidak bisa disimpan. |
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== Pranala yang sebaiknya dihindari == |
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Dengan pengecualian situs yang merupakan situs resmi subyek artikel, pranala yang harus dihindari adalah: |
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# Situs yang tidak memberikan informasi melebihi apa yang sudah ada pada artikel bila artikel tersebut telah menjadi Artikel Pilihan. |
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# Situs apapun yang menyesatkan pembaca dengan menyediakan informasi yang tidak akurat atau tidak dapat dipastikan. |
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# Pranala yang bertujuan untuk mempromosikan sebuah situs web. |
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# Situs yang fungsi utamanya adalah sebagai situs penjual produk atau jasa. |
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# Situs yang memiliki banyak sekali iklan. |
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# Situs yang membutuhkan pembayaran atau registrasi untuk melihat isinya. |
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# Situs yang hanya dapat diakses oleh sebagian pembaca, misalnya situs yang hanya bekerja menggunakan ''browser web'' tertentu. |
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# Pranala langsung ke dokumen yang membutuhkan aplikasi eksternal seperti Flash atau Java. |
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# Pranala ke ''search engine'' dan hasil pencarian ''search engine''. |
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# Pranala ke [[situs jejaring sosial]] (seperti [[Friendster]], [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]]), [[forum internet]], atau [[Usenet]]. |
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# Pranala ke [[blog]] dan [[situs web]] pribadi, dengan perkecualian apabila situs tersebut ditulis oleh pihak berwenang. |
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# Pranala ke [[wiki]] terbuka, dengan perkecualian apabila wiki tersebut memiliki sejarah yang stabil, dengan jumlah penyunting yang signifikan. |
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# Situs yang hanya berhubungan secara tidak langsung dengan subyek artikel; tujuan pranala harus berhubungan langsung dengan artikel. |
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== Cara membuat pranala == |
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Pranala tanpa text (kode dan contoh output): |
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<nowiki>[http://example.com/]</nowiki> |
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[http://example.com/] |
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Pranala dengan text: |
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<nowiki>[http://example.com/ Situs example.com yang diatur RFC]</nowiki> |
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[http://example.com/ Situs example.com yang diatur RFC] |
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Cara yang lebih tepat menggunakan text: |
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<nowiki>[http://example.com/ Situs example.com] yang diatur [[RFC]]</nowiki> |
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[http://example.com/ Situs example.com] yang diatur [[RFC]] |
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<!-- |
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== What to link == |
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There are several things which should be considered when adding an external link. |
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*Is it [[Web_accessibility|accessible]] to the reader? |
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*Is it proper in the context of the article (useful, tasteful, informative, factual, etc.)? |
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*Is it a functional link, and likely to continue being a functional link? |
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Each link should be considered on its merits, using the following guidelines. As the number of external links in an article grows longer, assessment should become stricter. |
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=== What should be linked === |
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#Articles about any organization, person, web site, or other entity should link to the official site if any. |
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#An article about a book, a musical score, or some other media should link to a site hosting a copy of the work if none of the [[#Links normally to be avoided|"Links normally to be avoided"]] criteria apply. |
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#Sites that contain neutral and accurate material that cannot be integrated into the Wikipedia article due to copyright issues, amount of detail (such as professional athlete statistics, movie or television credits, interview transcripts, or online textbooks) or other reasons. |
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#Sites with other meaningful, relevant content that is not suitable for inclusion in an article, such as reviews and interviews. |
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=== Links to be considered === |
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# For albums, movies, books, and other creative works, links to professional reviews. |
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# A [[web directory]] category, when deemed appropriate by those contributing to the article, with preference to open directories. |
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# Very large pages should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Worldwide, many use Wikipedia with a low-speed connection. Unusually large pages should be annotated as such. |
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== Links normally to be avoided == |
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Except for a link to a page that is the subject of the article or an official page of the article subject—and not prohibited by [[#Restrictions on linking|restrictions on linking]]—one should avoid: |
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# Any site that does not provide a unique resource beyond what the article would contain if it became a [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured article]]. |
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# Any site that misleads the reader by use of factually inaccurate material or unverifiable research. See [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Using online sources|Reliable sources]]. |
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# Links mainly intended to promote a website. |
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# Links to sites that primarily exist to sell products or services. For example, instead of linking to a commercial bookstore site, use [[Wikipedia:ISBN|the "ISBN" linking format]], giving readers an opportunity to search a wide variety of free and non-free book sources. |
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# Links to sites with objectionable amounts of advertising. |
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# Links to sites that require payment or registration to view the relevant content. |
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# Sites that are inaccessible to a substantial number of users, such as sites that only work with a specific browser. |
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# Direct links to documents that require external applications (such as Flash or Java) to view the relevant content, unless the article is about such [[#Rich media|rich media]]. If you do link to such material make a note of what application is required. |
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# Links to [[search engine results page]]s. |
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# Links to [[social network service|social networking sites]] (such as [[MySpace]]), [[discussion forum]]s or [[USENET]]. |
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# Links to blogs and personal webpages, except those written by a recognized authority. |
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# Links to open [[wiki]]s, except those with a substantial history of stability and a substantial number of editors. |
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# Sites that are only indirectly related to the article's subject: it should be a simple exercise to show how the link is ''directly'' and ''symmetrically'' related to the article's subject. This means that there is both a relation from the website to the subject of the article, and a relation from the subject of the article to the website. For example, the officially sanctioned online site of a rock band has a direct and symmetric relationship to that rock band, and thus should be linked from the rock band's Wikipedia article. An alternative site run by fans is not ''symmetrically'' related to the rock band, as the rock band has only indirect connections with that site. |
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=== Advertising and conflicts of interest === |
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{{main|Wikipedia:Conflict of interest|Wikipedia:Spam}} |
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Due to the rising profile of Wikipedia and the amount of extra traffic it can bring a site, there is a great temptation to use Wikipedia to advertise or promote links. This includes both commercial and non-commercial sites. You should avoid linking to a website that you own, maintain or represent, even if the guidelines otherwise imply that it should be linked. If the link is to a relevant and informative site that should otherwise be included, please consider mentioning it on the talk page and let neutral and independent Wikipedia editors decide whether to add it. This is in line with the [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest|conflict of interests]] guidelines. |
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A few parties now appear to have a spambot capable of spamming wikis from several different wiki engines, analogous to the submitter scripts for guestbooks and blogs. If you see a bot inserting external links, please consider checking the other language wikis to see if the attack is widespread. If it is, please contact a sysop on the [[m:main page|meta-wiki]]; they can put in a Wikimedia-wide text filter. Sysops should [[wikipedia:blocking policy|block]] unauthorised [[wikipedia:bots|bots]] on sight. |
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=== Sites requiring registration === |
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Sites that require registration or a paid subscription should be avoided because they are of limited use to most readers. Many online newspapers require registration to access some or all of their content, while some require a subscription. Online magazines frequently require subscriptions to access their sites or for premium content. If old newspaper and magazines articles are archived, there is usually a fee for accessing them. |
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A site that requires registration or a subscription should not be linked unless: |
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* The web site itself is the topic of the article, or |
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* It has relevant content that is of substantially higher quality than that available from any other website. |
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=== Foreign-language links === |
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English language links are strongly preferred in the English-language Wikipedia. It may be appropriate to have a link to a foreign-language site, such as when an official site is unavailable in English, when the link is to the subject's text in its original language or they contain visual aids such as maps, diagrams, or tables, per the guideline on [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (links)#Foreign-language sites|foreign-language sites]]. |
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When linking to a site in a foreign language under the exceptions above, label the link with a [[:Category:Language icons|language icon]], available for most languages, using two-letter language codes: for example, {{[[Template:es icon|es icon]]}}, {{tl|fr icon}}, etc. |
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=== Redirection sites === |
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Do not use URL redirection sites in external links. Such sites include tinyurl.com and makeashorterlink.com. Most of these sites are listed in the [[m:Spam blacklist]] because they are frequently abused by link spammers, which means that it is not possible to save a page that contains such a link. Since URL redirection sites are added to the blacklist whenever abuse occurs, you may create problems for future editors by using them. |
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Permanent URL sites, like purl.org, may be a different case, as sometimes the PURL version is considered by the site owner to be a more official URL than the direct URL -- in that case, the PURL should be used. |
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It is generally preferred to link to the exact destination of a link. For instance, if example.com is an automatic redirect to tripod.com/example, it is better to link to the exact page, even if the webmaster considers the redirect address to be more official. |
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=== Rich media === |
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It is acceptable to link to pages rendered in normal [[HTML]] or [[plain text]]. Check that the content type of the linked page is "text/html", "text/plain", or "application/xhtml+xml" as some pages may instead be rendered solely by platform-dependent [[plugin]]s. Avoid directly linking to any content that requires special software, or an add-on to a browser. It is always preferred to link to a page rendered in normal [[HTML]] that contains embedded links to the rich media. |
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In an instance where a link to rich media is deemed appropriate, an explicit indication of the technology needed to access the content must be given, as in the following examples: |
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* [http://www.kexp.org/aspnet_client/KEXPViewMediaGroup.aspx?rID=2805&pID=528&fID=1111&date=1111 Interview] (along with [[Lenny Kaye]]) [[November 11]], [[2005]] on [[KEXP]]; 53 minutes, includes three songs. ([[Windows Media Player]], [[RealPlayer]]). |
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*Berkowitz, Joel, [http://yiddishbookcenter.org/pdf/pt/44/PT44_goldfaden.pdf Avrom Goldfaden and the Modern Yiddish Theater: The Bard of Old Constantine] ([[PDF]]), ''Pakn Treger'', no. 44, Winter 2004, 10-19. |
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== Avoid undue weight on particular points of view == |
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On articles with multiple points of view, the number of links dedicated to one point of view should not overwhelm the number dedicated to other equal points of view, nor give undue weight to minority views. Add comments to these links informing the reader of their point of view. If one point of view dominates informed opinion, that should be represented first. For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]] – in particular, Wikipedia's guidelines on [[WP:NPOV#Undue weight|undue weight]]. |
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== Longevity of links == |
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It is very important to consider if the link is likely to remain relevant and acceptable to the article in the foreseeable future. For example, it is not useful to link to a homepage that changes often and merely happens to have a relevant picture or article on its front page at the moment. Similarly, be wary of citing an unstable page as a source. |
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=== What can be done with a dead external link === |
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{{seealso|Wikipedia:Dead external links}} |
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Links to dead [[URL]]s in a list of external links are of no use to Wikipedia articles. Such dead links should either be removed, or updated with archived versions, which may be found at the [http://web.archive.org/collections/web.html Internet Archive Wayback Machine]. Note however, that the matter can be quite different when these links are references: see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#What to do when a reference link "goes dead"]]. |
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Note that some dead links are caused by vandalism (for example, a vandal disabling links to products competing with the vandal's favored product): it is worth checking to see if there is a working version of the link in an earlier version of article. Some vandalism of this type is quite subtle, such as replacing [[ASCII]] letters in the URL with [[Homoglyph|identical-looking]] [[Cyrillic]] letters. |
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=== Hijacked sites === |
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Occasionally a site will be "hijacked", and while the URL is still valid it points to a page with different or altered content. One common cause of this has been the site's [[domain name]] expiring and being bought out for a different purpose. This can lead to inappropriate content being linked, including in some cases pornography sites.<ref>{{cite web ||url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,87824-page,1/article.html|title=Porn Sites Hijack Expired Domain Names}}</ref> Sites which have been hijacked should not be linked; they should be handled in the same manner as dead links. |
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=== External links section === |
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There are two basic formats for external links. The most common is to add a list of external links at the end of an article. Put here, in list form, any web sites that you have used or recommend for readers of the article. The standard format for these is to have a level 2 header (i.e. <tt>== Header ==</tt>) named "External links" followed by a bullet list of links. |
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If you link to another website, you should give your reader a good summary of the site's contents, and the reasons why this specific website is relevant to the article in question. If you cite an online article, try to provide as much meaningful citation information as possible. |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://example.com/link_1 Link 1] |
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* [http://example.com/link_2 Link 2] |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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=== References and citation === |
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Sites that have been used as references in the creation of an article should be linked in a references section, not an external links section. See [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]] for specific formatting and linking guidelines for citations. |
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== See also == |
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For more detailed information regarding Wikipedia policy toward and appropriate syntax for external links, see: |
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*[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page#Links and URLs]] |
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*[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (links)]] |
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*[[m:When should I link externally]] |
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*[[Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles]] |
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*[[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines]] |
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*[[Wikipedia:Links]] |
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;Maintenance coordination |
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*{{tl|External links}} |
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*[[Wikipedia:Dead external links]] |
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*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam|WikiProject Spam]] helps to coordinate Wikimedian's efforts against external link spamming. |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{reflist}}--> |
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== Lihat pula == |
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* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Pranala luar)]] |
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{{Kebijakan dan pedoman Wikipedia}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} |
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Revisi per 28 Juni 2013 00.27
Pranala luar