Pemuliaan hewan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Perintis dasar-dasar teori pemuliaan hewan adalah [[Sewall Wright]], [[Jay Lush]], dan [[Charles Henderson]]. Beberapa teori mereka kembangkan pun digunakan dalam beberapa teknik persilangan dan analisis di bidang [[pemuliaan tanaman]], khususnya tanaman yang [[moda reproduksi|berpenyerbukan silang]]. |
Perintis dasar-dasar teori pemuliaan hewan adalah [[Sewall Wright]], [[Jay Lush]], dan [[Charles Henderson]]. Beberapa teori mereka kembangkan pun digunakan dalam beberapa teknik persilangan dan analisis di bidang [[pemuliaan tanaman]], khususnya tanaman yang [[moda reproduksi|berpenyerbukan silang]]. |
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==''Breeding stock''== |
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{{pertanian-stub}} |
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''Breeding stock'' adalah sekelompok hewan yang digunakan dengan tujuan untuk dilakukan pemuliaan secara terencana untuk mendapatkan ras baru. ''Breeding stock'' dapat berupa hewan yang masih murni (''[[purebred]]'') maupun hewan yang bukan ras murni, yang memiliki sifat yang diinginkan sehingga ketika disilangkan diasumsikan akan dapat menggabungkan, atau mendapatkan sifat yang lebih baik dari ras sebelumnya.<ref>{{cite web | author = [[Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service]], Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources | title = Selection of Swine Breeding Stock | url = http://oklahoma4h.okstate.edu/litol/file/animal/swine/N-258_web.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Horse breeding and management | author = James Warren Evans | publisher = [[Elsevier|Elsevier Health Science]] | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-444-88282-0}}</ref> |
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== ''Backyard breeding'' == |
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''Backyard breeding'' adalah pemuliaan hewan yang tidak dilakukan melalui pengawasan pihak yang berwenang sehingga berisiko menghasilkan hewan dengan kondisi kesehatan yang bermasalah. Begitu banyak pelaku pemuliaan hewan yang tidak terdaftar menyilangkan berbagai jenis ras demi mendapatkan hewan dengan penampilan tertentu tanpa memperdulikan kondisi kesehatannya.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/opinion/la-oe-lewis15-2009mar15,0,288756.story The Obama family dog saga]. LA Times.</ref> Persilangan dengan hanya mengandalkan keuntungan dapat disetarakan dengan [[peternakan pabrik]] yang tidak memenuhi standar [[kesejahteraan hewan]].<ref>[http://www.messengernews.net/page/content.detail/id/513685.html?nav=5010 Rescue groups paint a sad story of Iowa’s puppy mills]. The Messenger.</ref> |
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[[Kategori:Genetika]] |
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== Lihat pula == |
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{{portal|Pertanian}} |
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* [[Ilmu pertanian]] |
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* [[Inseminasi buatan]] |
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* [[Kedokteran hewan]] |
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* [[Organisme termodifikasi secara genetika]] |
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* [[Pemuliaan selektif]] |
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* [[Pemuliaan tanaman]] |
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== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Bahan bacaan terkait == |
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* {{Citation | year = 1937 | author = Lush, JL | authorlink = Jay Lush | title = Animal Breeding Plans | publisher = Iowa State Press | location = Ames, Iowa}} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1957 | author = Kempthorne, O | title = Introduction to Statistic Genetics | publisher = John Wiley & Sons}} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1979 | author = Van Vleck, L. D., & Searle, S. R. | title = Variance components and animal breeding: proceedings of a conference in honor of C.R. Henderson | location = Ithaca, N.Y. | publisher = Cornell University }} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1984 | author = Henderson, CR | authorlink = Charles Roy Henderson | title = Applications of linear models in animal breeding | publisher = University of Guelph | location = Guelph, Ont | pages = | isbn = 0-88955-030-1}} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1990 | author = Hammond K. Gianola, D | title = Advances in Statistical Methods for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences) | publisher = Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K | location = | pages = | isbn = 3-540-50809-0}} |
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* {{citation | year = 1993 | author = Massey, JW and Vogt, DW | title = Heritability and Its Use in Animal Breeding | url = http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/ansci/g02910.htm | publisher = Department of Animal Sciences, [[University of Missouri]]}} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1996 | author = Mrode, R. A. | title = Linear models for the prediction of animal breeding values | publisher = CAB International | location = Oxon | pages = | isbn = 0-85198-996-9 | oclc = | doi = | accessdate = }} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1997 | author = Cameron, N. D. | title = Selection indices and prediction of genetic merit in animal breeding | publisher = CAB International | location = Oxon | pages = | isbn = 0-85199-169-6 | oclc = | doi = | accessdate = }} |
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* {{Citation | year = 1998 | author = Dalton, C, Willis, MB | title = Dalton's Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding | publisher = Blackwell Science | location = Oxford | pages = | isbn = 0-632-04947-2}} |
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* {{Citation | year = 2000 | author = Bourdon, RM | title = Understanding animal breeding | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Englewood Cliffs, N.J | pages = | isbn = 0-13-096449-2}} |
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* {{Citation | year = 2002 | author = Newman, S, Rothschild, MF | title = Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and Genetics | publisher = CABI Pub | location = Wallingford, Oxon, UK | pages = | isbn = 0-85199-641-8}} |
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==Pranala luar== |
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* {{citation | url = http://science.jrank.org/pages/380/Animal-Breeding.html | title = Animal Breeding - The Genetic Basis Of Animal Breeding, Economic Considerations, Modern Methods In Biotechnology, Artificial Insemination}} |
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* {{citation | title = Guidelines For Uniform Swine Improvement Programs | url = http://www.nsif.com/guidel/guidelines.htm | publisher = National Swine Improvement Federation | year = 2003}} |
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;Lembaga akademik |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.abg.wur.nl/UK/ | title = Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre | location = [[Wageningen University]], Netherlands}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://nce.ads.uga.edu/ | title = Animal Breeding and Genetics Group | location = [[University of Georgia]], USA}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://cgil.uoguelph.ca/ | title = Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock | location = [[University of Guelph]], Canada}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/abc/index.html | title = Animal Breeding & Genetics | location = [[Cornell University]], USA}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.ans.iastate.edu/section/abg/ | title = Animal Breeding & Genetics | location = [[Iowa State University]], USA}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://ansci.colostate.edu/content/view/4/ | title = Breeding and Genetics Program | location = [[Colorado State University]], USA}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://agbu.une.edu.au/| title = Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit | location = [[University of New England (Australia)|University of New England]], Australia}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.egsabg.eu/|title = European Graduate School in Animal Breeding and Genetics (EGS-ABG)| location = [[AgroParisTech]], France ; [[Wageningen University]], Netherlands ; [[Aarhus University]], Denmark ; [[Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences]], Sweden}} |
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;Jurnal |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0931-2668 | title = Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics | issn = 0931-2668}} |
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;Organisasi |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.aaabg.org/aaabg18/ | title = Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics | location = Australia}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.roslin.ed.ac.uk/ | title = Roslin Institute | location = Scotland}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.csrees.usda.gov/animalbreedinggeneticsgenomics.cfm | title = Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service | location = USA}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-65-05-00 | title = Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center | location = USA}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://agbu.une.edu.au/index.php | title = Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit | location = Australia}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.inra.fr| title = INRA, Institut National de la Recherché Agronomique| location = France}} |
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* {{citation | url = http://www.inia.es| title = INIA, Instituto Nacional Investigación Agraria| location = Spain}} |
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[[fr:Mariage consanguin]] |
[[fr:Mariage consanguin]] |
Revisi per 10 Januari 2014 01.33
Pemuliaan hewan merupakan kegiatan dalam peternakan atau pemeliharaan hewan lainnya yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas individu maupun populasi hewan yang bersangkutan untuk karakteristik yang diinginkan manusia. Karena kebanyakan hewan yang dimuliakan adalah ternak, istilah pemuliaan ternak juga kerap dipakai.
Dalam pemuliaan hewan, diperlukan dasar-dasar pengetahuan yang baik mengenai pemeliharaan, biologi reproduksi, genetika, biostatistika, dan, dalam perkembangan terkini, biologi molekuler serta bioinformatika. Metode klasik yang digunakan adalah persilangan dan seleksi populasi yang dikenal sebagai penangkaran selektif.
Perintis dasar-dasar teori pemuliaan hewan adalah Sewall Wright, Jay Lush, dan Charles Henderson. Beberapa teori mereka kembangkan pun digunakan dalam beberapa teknik persilangan dan analisis di bidang pemuliaan tanaman, khususnya tanaman yang berpenyerbukan silang.
Breeding stock
Breeding stock adalah sekelompok hewan yang digunakan dengan tujuan untuk dilakukan pemuliaan secara terencana untuk mendapatkan ras baru. Breeding stock dapat berupa hewan yang masih murni (purebred) maupun hewan yang bukan ras murni, yang memiliki sifat yang diinginkan sehingga ketika disilangkan diasumsikan akan dapat menggabungkan, atau mendapatkan sifat yang lebih baik dari ras sebelumnya.[1][2]
Backyard breeding
Backyard breeding adalah pemuliaan hewan yang tidak dilakukan melalui pengawasan pihak yang berwenang sehingga berisiko menghasilkan hewan dengan kondisi kesehatan yang bermasalah. Begitu banyak pelaku pemuliaan hewan yang tidak terdaftar menyilangkan berbagai jenis ras demi mendapatkan hewan dengan penampilan tertentu tanpa memperdulikan kondisi kesehatannya.[3] Persilangan dengan hanya mengandalkan keuntungan dapat disetarakan dengan peternakan pabrik yang tidak memenuhi standar kesejahteraan hewan.[4]
Lihat pula
- Ilmu pertanian
- Inseminasi buatan
- Kedokteran hewan
- Organisme termodifikasi secara genetika
- Pemuliaan selektif
- Pemuliaan tanaman
Referensi
- ^ Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. "Selection of Swine Breeding Stock" (PDF).
- ^ James Warren Evans (1992). Horse breeding and management. Elsevier Health Science. ISBN 978-0-444-88282-0.
- ^ The Obama family dog saga. LA Times.
- ^ Rescue groups paint a sad story of Iowa’s puppy mills. The Messenger.
Bahan bacaan terkait
- Lush, JL (1937), Animal Breeding Plans, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press
- Kempthorne, O (1957), Introduction to Statistic Genetics, John Wiley & Sons
- Van Vleck, L. D., & Searle, S. R. (1979), Variance components and animal breeding: proceedings of a conference in honor of C.R. Henderson, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University
- Henderson, CR (1984), Applications of linear models in animal breeding, Guelph, Ont: University of Guelph, ISBN 0-88955-030-1
- Hammond K. Gianola, D (1990), Advances in Statistical Methods for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences), Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K, ISBN 3-540-50809-0
- Massey, JW and Vogt, DW (1993), Heritability and Its Use in Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri
- Mrode, R. A. (1996), Linear models for the prediction of animal breeding values, Oxon: CAB International, ISBN 0-85198-996-9
- Cameron, N. D. (1997), Selection indices and prediction of genetic merit in animal breeding, Oxon: CAB International, ISBN 0-85199-169-6
- Dalton, C, Willis, MB (1998), Dalton's Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding, Oxford: Blackwell Science, ISBN 0-632-04947-2
- Bourdon, RM (2000), Understanding animal breeding, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-096449-2
- Newman, S, Rothschild, MF (2002), Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and Genetics, Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub, ISBN 0-85199-641-8
Pranala luar
- Animal Breeding - The Genetic Basis Of Animal Breeding, Economic Considerations, Modern Methods In Biotechnology, Artificial Insemination
- Guidelines For Uniform Swine Improvement Programs, National Swine Improvement Federation, 2003
- Lembaga akademik
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Georgia, USA
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Canada
- Animal Breeding & Genetics, Cornell University, USA
- Animal Breeding & Genetics, Iowa State University, USA
- Breeding and Genetics Program, Colorado State University, USA
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Australia
- European Graduate School in Animal Breeding and Genetics (EGS-ABG), AgroParisTech, France ; Wageningen University, Netherlands ; Aarhus University, Denmark ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
- Jurnal
- Organisasi
- Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Australia
- Roslin Institute, Scotland
- Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USA
- Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USA
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, Australia
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherché Agronomique, France
- INIA, Instituto Nacional Investigación Agraria, Spain