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In 1918, he registered for [[Selective Service System|selective service]] as Harry Handcuff Houdini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov/atlanta/wwi-draft/houdini.html|title=Harry Houdini - World War I Draft Cards: Notable Registrants|publisher=Archives.gov|accessdate=November 13, 2014}}</ref>
In 1918, he registered for [[Selective Service System|selective service]] as Harry Handcuff Houdini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov/atlanta/wwi-draft/houdini.html|title=Harry Houdini - World War I Draft Cards: Notable Registrants|publisher=Archives.gov|accessdate=November 13, 2014}}</ref>
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== Karier sebagai Pesulap ==
== Karier sebagai Pesulap ==
[[File:Harry Houdini-sitting.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Houdini, kira-kira tahun 1900.]]
[[File:Harry Houdini-sitting.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Houdini, kira-kira tahun 1900.]]
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Pada tahun 1893, ketika mengadakan pertunjukan bersama saudara laki-lakinya "[[Theodore Hardeen|Dash]]" (Theodore) di [[Coney Island]] sebagai "The Brothers Houdini" ("Houdini Bersaudara"), Harry bertemu [[Bess Houdini|Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess" Rahner]] yang sama-sama melakukan pertunjukan. Bess awalnya dirayu oleh Dash, tetapi ia dan Houdini menikah pada tahun 1894, lalu Bess menggantikan Dash pada pertunjukan-pertunjukan selanjutnya, hingga dikenal sebagai "The Houdinis." Sampai akhir karier pertunjukan Houdini, Bess bekerja sebagai asistennya di panggung.
Pada tahun 1893, ketika mengadakan pertunjukan bersama saudara laki-lakinya "[[Theodore Hardeen|Dash]]" (Theodore) di [[Coney Island]] sebagai "The Brothers Houdini" ("Houdini Bersaudara"), Harry bertemu [[Bess Houdini|Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess" Rahner]] yang sama-sama melakukan pertunjukan. Bess awalnya dirayu oleh Dash, tetapi ia dan Houdini menikah pada tahun 1894, lalu Bess menggantikan Dash pada pertunjukan-pertunjukan selanjutnya, hingga dikenal sebagai "The Houdinis." Sampai akhir karier pertunjukan Houdini, Bess bekerja sebagai asistennya di panggung.
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Houdini's big break came in 1899 when he met manager [[Martin Beck (vaudeville)|Martin Beck]] in rural [[Woodstock, Illinois]]. Impressed by Houdini's [[handcuffs]] act, Beck advised him to concentrate on escape acts and booked him on the [[Orpheum Circuit|Orpheum]] [[vaudeville]] circuit. Within months, he was performing at the top vaudeville houses in the country. In 1900, Beck arranged for Houdini to tour Europe. After some days of unsuccessful interviews in London, Houdini managed to interest Dundas Slater, then manager of the [[Alhambra Theatre]]. He gave a demonstration of escape from handcuffs at Scotland Yard, and succeeded in baffling the police so effectively that he was booked at the Alhambra for six months.
Gebrakan Houdini datang pada tahun 1899 ketika ia bertemu dengan manajer [[:en:Martin Beck (vaudeville)|Martin Beck]] di daerah pedesaan [[Woodstock, Illinois]]. Terkesan dengan aksi pelolosan Houdini dari [[borgol]], Beck menasihati Houdini untuk berfokus pada aksi pelolosan diri him to concentrate on escape acts and booked him on the [[Orpheum Circuit|Orpheum]] [[vaudeville]] circuit. Within months, he was performing at the top vaudeville houses in the country. In 1900, Beck arranged for Houdini to tour Europe. After some days of unsuccessful interviews in London, Houdini managed to interest Dundas Slater, then manager of the [[Alhambra Theatre]]. He gave a demonstration of escape from handcuffs at Scotland Yard, and succeeded in baffling the police so effectively that he was booked at the Alhambra for six months.
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[[File:Weiss with mother and wife.jpg|thumb|"My Two Sweethearts"("Dua pujaan hatiku") — Houdini bersama ibu dan istrinya, sekitar tahun 1907.]]
[[File:Weiss with mother and wife.jpg|thumb|"My Two Sweethearts"("Dua pujaan hatiku") — Houdini bersama ibu dan istrinya, sekitar tahun 1907.]]
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In 1913, Houdini introduced perhaps his most famous act, the [[Chinese Water Torture Cell]], in which he was suspended upside-down in a locked glass-and-steel cabinet full to overflowing with water. The act required that Houdini hold his breath for more than three minutes. Houdini performed the escape for the rest of his career. During his career, Houdini explained some of his tricks in books written for the magic brotherhood. In ''Handcuff Secrets'' (1909), he revealed how many locks and handcuffs could be opened with properly applied force, others with shoestrings. Other times, he carried concealed [[lock picking|lockpicks]] or keys. When tied down in ropes or [[straitjacket]]s, he gained wiggle room by enlarging his shoulders and chest, moving his arms slightly away from his [[Human body|body]].<ref name="Simon & Schuster">{{Cite book |last1=Kalush |first1=William |first2=Larry |last2=Sloman |date=October 2006 |title=The Secret Life of Houdini: The Making of America's First Superhero. |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-0-7432-7207-0}}</ref>
In 1913, Houdini introduced perhaps his most famous act, the [[Chinese Water Torture Cell]], in which he was suspended upside-down in a locked glass-and-steel cabinet full to overflowing with water. The act required that Houdini hold his breath for more than three minutes. Houdini performed the escape for the rest of his career. During his career, Houdini explained some of his tricks in books written for the magic brotherhood. In ''Handcuff Secrets'' (1909), he revealed how many locks and handcuffs could be opened with properly applied force, others with shoestrings. Other times, he carried concealed [[lock picking|lockpicks]] or keys. When tied down in ropes or [[straitjacket]]s, he gained wiggle room by enlarging his shoulders and chest, moving his arms slightly away from his [[Human body|body]].<ref name="Simon & Schuster">{{Cite book |last1=Kalush |first1=William |first2=Larry |last2=Sloman |date=October 2006 |title=The Secret Life of Houdini: The Making of America's First Superhero. |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-0-7432-7207-0}}</ref>
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[[File:Houdini in Handcuffs, 1918.JPG|thumb|upright|Houdini in Handcuffs, 1918]]<!--
[[File:Houdini in Handcuffs, 1918.JPG|thumb|upright|Houdini dalam keadaan terborgol, 1918]]<!--
His straitjacket escape was originally performed behind curtains, with him popping out free at the end. Houdini's brother, (who was also an escape artist, billing himself as [[Theodore Hardeen]]), discovered that audiences were more impressed when the curtains were eliminated so they could watch him struggle to get out. On more than one occasion, they both performed straitjacket escapes while dangling upside-down from the roof of a building in the same city.<ref name="Simon & Schuster"/>
His straitjacket escape was originally performed behind curtains, with him popping out free at the end. Houdini's brother, (who was also an escape artist, billing himself as [[Theodore Hardeen]]), discovered that audiences were more impressed when the curtains were eliminated so they could watch him struggle to get out. On more than one occasion, they both performed straitjacket escapes while dangling upside-down from the roof of a building in the same city.<ref name="Simon & Schuster"/>


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In the final years of his life (1925/26), Houdini launched his own full-evening show, which he billed as "Three Shows in One: Magic, Escapes, and Fraud Mediums Exposed".<ref>{{cite web |title=Houdini: A Biography |work=Wild About Harry |url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/p/houdini-biography.html |accessdate=December 2010}}</ref>
In the final years of his life (1925/26), Houdini launched his own full-evening show, which he billed as "Three Shows in One: Magic, Escapes, and Fraud Mediums Exposed".<ref>{{cite web |title=Houdini: A Biography |work=Wild About Harry |url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/p/houdini-biography.html |accessdate=December 2010}}</ref>


==Aksi pelolosan terkenal ==
==Notable escapes==


===''Mirror'' challenge===
=== Tantangan ''Mirror'' ===
[[File:HandCuffHarryHoudini.jpg|thumb|left|upright|"Handcuff" Harry Houdini, circa 1905.]]
[[File:HandCuffHarryHoudini.jpg|thumb|left|upright|"Handcuff" Harry Houdini, circa 1905.]]
In 1904, the [[London]] ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' newspaper challenged Houdini to escape from special handcuffs that it claimed had taken Nathaniel Hart, a locksmith from [[Birmingham]], five years to make. Houdini accepted the challenge for March 17 during a matinée performance at London's Hippodrome theater. It was reported that 4000 people and more than 100 journalists turned out for the much-hyped event. The escape attempt dragged on for over an hour, during which Houdini emerged from his "ghost house" (a small screen used to conceal the method of his escape) several times. On one occasion he asked if the cuffs could be removed so he could take off his coat. The ''Mirror'' representative, Frank Parker, refused, saying Houdini could gain an advantage if he saw how the cuffs were unlocked. Houdini promptly took out a pen-knife and, holding the knife in his teeth, used it to cut his coat from his body. Some 56&nbsp;minutes later, Houdini's wife appeared on stage and gave him a kiss. Many thought that in her mouth was the key to unlock the special handcuffs. However, it has since been suggested that Bess did not in fact enter the stage at all, and that this theory is unlikely due to the size of the 6-inch key<ref>The Secret Life of Houdini, Kaulush & Sloman, 2006.</ref> Houdini then went back behind the curtain. After an hour and ten minutes, Houdini emerged free. As he was paraded on the shoulders of the cheering crowd, he broke down and wept. Houdini later said it was the most difficult escape of his career.<ref>''Houdini's Mirror Handcuff Challenge, Getting Closer to the Truth'' by Mick Hanzlik, 2007, reproduction in full of ''Daily Mirror'' article "Houdini's Great Victory" March 18, 1904.</ref>
In 1904, the [[London]] ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' newspaper challenged Houdini to escape from special handcuffs that it claimed had taken Nathaniel Hart, a locksmith from [[Birmingham]], five years to make. Houdini accepted the challenge for March 17 during a matinée performance at London's Hippodrome theater. It was reported that 4000 people and more than 100 journalists turned out for the much-hyped event. The escape attempt dragged on for over an hour, during which Houdini emerged from his "ghost house" (a small screen used to conceal the method of his escape) several times. On one occasion he asked if the cuffs could be removed so he could take off his coat. The ''Mirror'' representative, Frank Parker, refused, saying Houdini could gain an advantage if he saw how the cuffs were unlocked. Houdini promptly took out a pen-knife and, holding the knife in his teeth, used it to cut his coat from his body. Some 56&nbsp;minutes later, Houdini's wife appeared on stage and gave him a kiss. Many thought that in her mouth was the key to unlock the special handcuffs. However, it has since been suggested that Bess did not in fact enter the stage at all, and that this theory is unlikely due to the size of the 6-inch key<ref>The Secret Life of Houdini, Kaulush & Sloman, 2006.</ref> Houdini then went back behind the curtain. After an hour and ten minutes, Houdini emerged free. As he was paraded on the shoulders of the cheering crowd, he broke down and wept. Houdini later said it was the most difficult escape of his career.<ref>''Houdini's Mirror Handcuff Challenge, Getting Closer to the Truth'' by Mick Hanzlik, 2007, reproduction in full of ''Daily Mirror'' article "Houdini's Great Victory" March 18, 1904.</ref>

Revisi per 7 Desember 2014 02.17

Harry Houdini
Harry Houdini dalam salah satu aksinya
LahirErik Weisz
PekerjaanPesulap, eskapologis, stuntman, aktor, sejarawan, produser film, pilot, debunker
Tahun aktif1891-1926
Tanda tangan
IMDB: nm0396378 Allocine: 38142 Allmovie: p33381 IBDB: 87652
Musicbrainz: 1ddc1a1a-9626-44cd-9b91-72b727cde978 Find a Grave: 509 Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata

Harry Houdini (24 Maret 1874 – 31 Oktober 1926; nama lahir Erik Weisz di Budapest, kemudian Ehrich Weiss atau Harry Weiss) adalah seorang pesulap terkemuka asal Hongaria yang kemudian menetap di Amerika Serikat. Pesulap ini paling dikenal melalui trik-trik meloloskan dirinya, antara lain melepaskan diri dari ikatan tali, borgol, rantai, dan yang paling terkenal: trik Chinese water torture, di mana Houdini yang tubuhnya digantung terbalik berhasil meloloskan diri dari lemari kaca yang diisi penuh dengan air.

Houdini mulai menjadi pesulap pada tahun 1891. Awalnya ia hanya berkutat pada sulap-sulap kartu, namun kariernya menanjak sejak memfokuskan diri pada aksi-aksi meloloskan diri. Pertunjukan terakhir Houdini berlangsung pada 24 Oktober 1926. Sehari kemudian ia masuk rumah sakit dan meninggal dunia akibat peritonitis di bagian umbai cacing pada 31 Oktober 1926.

Masa muda

Sebelum memakai nama "Houdini", Ehrich Weiss menunjukkan semangat kompetitif dan mengenakan medali yang dimenangkannya sebagai anggota tim atletik "Pastime Athletic Club" di New York sekitar tahun 1890.

Harry Houdini lahir sebagai Erik Weisz (ia kemudian mengeja nama kelahirannya sebagai Ehrich Weiss) di Budapest, Hongaria, pada tanggal 24 Maret 1874.[1] Namun, Houdini kemudian dalam suatu wawancara mengklaim dilahirkan di Appleton, Wisconsin, Amerika Serikat, pada tanggal 6 April 1874. Orangtuanya adalah Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weiss (1829-1892) dan istrinya, Cecília Weisz (née Steiner; 1841-1913). Houdini adalah seorang dari tujuh anak: M. Herman (1863-1885); Nathan J. (1870-1927); Gottfried William (1872-1925); Theodore "Theo" (1876-1945);[2] Leopold D. (1879-1962), dan Carrie Gladys (1882–1959[3]) yang hampir kehilangan penglihatan setelah kecelakaan yang terjadi pada waktu kecilnya.[4]

Weisz tiba di Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 3 Juli 1878 dengan kapal SS Fresia bersama ibunya (yang sedang hamil) dan empat saudara laki-lakinya.[5] Keluarga itu mengganti penulisan nama keluarga mereka dari bahasa Jerman ejaan Hungaria Weisz menjadi ejaan Jerman yang baku, Weiss, sedangkan nama depan Erik diganti menjadi Ehrich. Friends called him "Ehrie" or "Harry".

Mereka pertama kali tinggal di Appleton, Wisconsin, di mana ayahnya menjabat sebagai Rabbi dari Kongregasi Yahudi Reformasi Sion (Zion Reform Jewish Congregation). Menurut sensus tahun 1880, keluarga ini tinggal di Appleton Street.[6] Pada tanggal 6 Juni 1882, Rabi Weiss menjadi warga negara Amerika. Setelah kehilangan masa jabatannya di Zion pada tahun 1887, Rabi Weiss pindah bersama Ehrich ke New York City. Mereka tinggal di sebuah rumah kos di East 79th Street. Anggota keluarga lain bergabung setelah Rabi Weiss mendapatkan rumah permanen.

Ketika masih anak-anak, Ehrich Weiss mengambil beberapa pekerjaan, membuat debut publik sebagai pemain trapeze pada usia 9 tahun, menyebut dirinya "Ehrich, Pangeran Udara" (Prince of the Air). Ia juga menjadi juara lari cross country pada masa mudanya. Kemudian Weiss menjadi pesulap profesional dan mulai menyebut dirinya "Harry Houdini" karena ia sangat dipengaruhi oleh pesulap Perancis Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, yang buku riwayat hidupnya dibacanya pada tahun 1890. Temannya Jack Hayman mengatakan Weiss secara keliru mengira bahwa di Perancis, menambahkan "i" di belakang nama "Houdin" dalam bahasa Perancis akan berarti "seperti Houdin". Dalam kehidupan selanjutnya, Houdini menyatakan nama depan "Harry" merupakan penghormatan kepada Harry Kellar, yang juga dikaguminya.

Karier sebagai Pesulap

Houdini, kira-kira tahun 1900.

Ia mulai karier sebagai pesulap pada tahun 1891,[7] tetapi tidak sukses. Ia mengadakan pertunjukan di museum-museum kecil dan pertunjukan sampingan, bahkan bekerja rangkap sebagai "The Wild Man" di suatu sirkus. Mulanya Houdini berfokus pada trik sulap kartu tradisional. Pada satu ketika, ia menyebut dirinya "Raja Kartu" ("King of Cards"). Ia kemudian mulai bereksperimen dengan aksi pelolosan diri.

Pada tahun 1893, ketika mengadakan pertunjukan bersama saudara laki-lakinya "Dash" (Theodore) di Coney Island sebagai "The Brothers Houdini" ("Houdini Bersaudara"), Harry bertemu Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess" Rahner yang sama-sama melakukan pertunjukan. Bess awalnya dirayu oleh Dash, tetapi ia dan Houdini menikah pada tahun 1894, lalu Bess menggantikan Dash pada pertunjukan-pertunjukan selanjutnya, hingga dikenal sebagai "The Houdinis." Sampai akhir karier pertunjukan Houdini, Bess bekerja sebagai asistennya di panggung.

"My Two Sweethearts"("Dua pujaan hatiku") — Houdini bersama ibu dan istrinya, sekitar tahun 1907.

Houdini menjadi terkenal sebagai "The Handcuff King" ("Raja Borgol"). Ia mengadakan tur ke Inggris, Skotlandia, Belanda, Jerman, Perancis, dan Rusia. Di setiap kota, Houdini menantang polisi setempat untuk memborgolnya dan menguncinya dalam penjara. Dalam banyak tantangan pelolosan diri ini, Houdini sebelumnya diperiksa total sampai harus telanjang. Di Moskow, Houdini lolosa dari sebuah mobil van transportasi penjara Siberia. Houdini mengatakan bahwa, jikalau ia gagal meloloskan diri, ia harus pergi ke Siberia di mana satu-satunya kunci disimpan. Di Cologne, Jerman, ia menuntut seorang polisi bernama Werner Graff ke pengadilan, karena menuduhnya bahwa Houdini lolos setelah menyuapnya.[8] Houdini memenangkan kasus ini ketika ia berhasil membuka brankas hakim yang mengadilinya (ia kemudian berkata hakim itu lupa mengunci brankasnya). Dengan kekayaan yang diperolehnya, Houdini membeli sebuah gaun yang dikatakan dibuat untuk Ratu Victoria. Kemudian ia menyelenggarakan suatu pesta besar di mana ia mempersembahkan gaun itu kepada ibunya di hadapan seluruh sanak saudaranya. Houdini mengatakan itu merupakan hari paling bahagia dalam hidupnya. Pada tahun 1904, Houdini kembali ke Amerika Serikat dan membeli sebuah rumah seharga $25,000, terbuat dari "batu bata coklat" (brownstone) di jalan 278 W. 113th Street, di kota Harlem, New York City.[9]

Poster promoting Houdini taking up the challenge of escaping an "extra strong and large traveling basket"
Houdini dalam keadaan terborgol, 1918

Aviator

Pada tahun 1909, Houdini sangat tertarik kepada dunia penerbangan. Ia membeli sebuah pesawat terbang Voisin biplane buatan Perancis seharga $5000 dan menggaji penuh seorang mekanik, Antonio Brassac. Setelah jatuh satu kali, ia berhasil terbang pada tanggal 26 November 1909 di Hamburg, Jerman. Pada tahun berikutnya, Houdini mengadakan tur di Australia. Ia membawa serta pesawat terbangnya, Voisin biplane, dengan maksud menjadi orang pertama yang terbang di Australia.

Kuburan Houdini

Pemakaman Houdini diselenggarakan pada tanggal 4 November 1926 di New York City, dihadiri oleh lebih dari 2000 orang yang berkabung.[10] Ia dikuburkan diMachpelah Cemetery di Glendale, Queens, dengan lambang kebesaran Society of American Magicians dipahat pada makamnya. Suatu patung setengah dada ditambahkan pada exedra di tahun 1927, suatu hal yang jarang terjadi, karena pahatan patung dilarang pada makam-makam Yahudi. Pada tahun 1975 patung itu dihancurkan oleh para perusak. Patung pengganti sementara ditempatkan di makam itu sampai tahun 2011 ketika sebuah kelompok yang kemudian dinamai Houdini Commandos dari Houdini Museum di Scranton, Pennsylvania, menempatkan patung permanen dengan izin dari keluarga Houdini dan tempat pekuburan.[11] Sampai hari ini yayasan ("Society") itu terus mengadakan "upacara pemutusan tongkat pesulap" (broken wand ceremony) pada makam itu setiap bulan November. Janda Houdini, Bess, meninggal karena serangan jantung pada tanggal 11 Februari 1943, dalam usia 67 tahun, di Needles, California dalam perjalanan kereta api dari Los Angeles ke New York City. Ia berkeinginan untuk dimakamkan di samping suaminya, tetapi akhirnya dikuburkan 35 mil sebelah utaranya di Gate of Heaven Cemetery di Westchester County, New York, karena keluarganya yang beragama Katolik menolak untuk mengizinkan mayatnya dikuburkan dalam pekuburan Yahudi.[12]

The gravesite of Harry Houdini
The gravesite of Harry Houdini
The grave marker at Harry Houdini's burial site
The grave marker at Harry Houdini's burial site
Weiss Family Grave Memorial Site at Machpelah Cemetery

Publikasi

Houdini published numerous books during his career (some of which were written by his good friend Walter Brown Gibson, the creator of The Shadow):[13]

  • The Right Way to Do Wrong: An Exposé of Successful Criminals (1906)
  • Handcuff Secrets (1907)
  • The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin (1908), a debunking study of Robert-Houdin’s alleged abilities.
  • "Conjuring" article for the Encyclopaedia Britannica's 13th edition
  • Magical Rope Ties and Escapes (1920)
  • Miracle Mongers and Their Methods (1920)
  • Houdini's Paper Magic (1921)
  • A Magician Among the Spirits (1924)
  • "Imprisoned with the Pharaohs" (1924), a short story ghost written by H. P. Lovecraft.

Filmografi

Film yang dibintangi Houdini
  • Merveilleux Exploits du Célébre Houdini à Paris—Cinema Lux (1909)—playing himself
  • The Master Mystery—Octagon Films (1918)—playing Quentin Locke
  • The Grim Game—Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount Pictures (1919)—playing Harvey Handford
  • Terror Island—Famous Players Lasky/Paramount (1920)—playing Harry Harper
  • The Man from Beyond—Houdini Picture Corporation (1922)—playing Howard Hillary
  • Haldane of the Secret Service—Houdini Picture Corporation/FBO (1922)—playing Heath Haldane
Film Biografi

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ "137 years ago in Budapest..." Wild About Harry. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2011. 
  2. ^ "Hardeen Dead, 69. Houdini's Brother. Illusionist, Escape Artist, a Founder of Magician's Guild. Gave Last Show May 29". New York Times. June 13, 1945. Theodore Hardeen, seorang saudara laki-laki almarhum Harry Houdini, yang juga seorang pesulap dan ilusionis terkenal, meninggal kemarin di Doctors Hospital. Ia berusia 69 tahun. 
  3. ^ Meyer, Bernard C. (1976), Houdini: A Mind in Chains, E.P. Dutton & Co., Chapter 1, p. 5, ISBN 0-8415-0448-2.
  4. ^ "The mystery of Carrie Gladys Weiss". Wild About Harry. Diakses tanggal September 30, 2011. 
  5. ^ US National Archives Microfilm serial: M237; Microfilm roll: 413; Line: 38; List number: 684.
  6. ^ 1880 US Census with Samuel M. Weiss, Cecelia (wife), Armin M., Nathan J., Ehrich, Theodore, and Leopold.
  7. ^ Rocha, Guy. "MYTH #56 – No Disappearing Act for Harry Houdini at Piper's Opera House". Nevada State Library and Archives. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2011. 
  8. ^ Silverman, p. 81.
  9. ^ Silverman, p. 109.
  10. ^ Final Escape for the Master of Illusion? Houdini's Family Press for Exhumation.
  11. ^ Dunlap, David W. (October 24, 2011). "Houdini Returns". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal October 24, 2011. 
  12. ^ "Bess Houdini dies in 1943". Houdini.net. Diakses tanggal April 1, 2011. 
  13. ^ "James Randi's Swift". randi.org. July 14, 2006. 
  14. ^ "IT'S ON! History greenlights Houdini miniseries". Wild About Harry. Diakses tanggal August 19, 2013. 

Pustaka

Pustaka tambahan

  • Believe by William Shatner and Michael Charles Tobias, Berkeley Books, NY 1992.
  • Houdini's Escapes and Magic by Walter B. Gibson, Prepared from Houdini's private notebooks Blue Ribbon Books, Inc., 1930. Reveals some of Houdini's magic and escape methods (also released in two separate volumes: Houdini's Magic and Houdini's Escapes).
  • The Secrets of Houdini by J.C. Cannell, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1931. Reveals some of Houdini's escape methods.
  • Houdini and Conan Doyle: The Story of a Strange Friendship by Bernard M. L. Ernst, Albert & Charles Boni, Inc., NY, 1932.
  • Sixty Years of Psychical Research by Joseph F. Rinn, Truth Seeker Co., 1950, Rinn was a long time close friend of Houdini. Contains detailed information about the last Houdini message (there are 3) and its disclosure.
  • Houdini's Fabulous Magic by Walter B. Gibson and Morris N. Young Chilton, NY, 1960. Excellent reference for Houdini's escapes and some methods (includes the Water Torture Cell).
  • The Houdini Birth Research Committee's Report, Magico Magazine (reprint of report by The Society of American Magicians), 1972. Concludes Houdini was born March 24, 1874, in Budapest.
  • Mediums, Mystics and the Occult by Milbourne Christopher, Thomas T. Crowell Co., 1975, pp. 122–145, Arthur Ford-Messages from the Dead, contains detailed information about the Houdini messages and their disclosure.
  • Arthur Ford: The Man Who Talked with the Dead by Allen Spraggett with William V. Rauscher, 1973, pp. 152–165, Chapter 7, The Houdini Affair contains detailed information about the Houdini messages and their disclosure.
  • Houdini: Escape into Legend, The Early Years: 1862–1900 by Manny Weltman, Finders/Seekers Enterprises, Los Angeles, 1993. Examination of Houdini's childhood and early career.
  • Houdini Comes To America by Ronald J. Hilgert, The Houdini Historical Center, 1996. Documents the Weiss family's immigration to the United States on July 3, 1878 (when Ehrich was 4).
  • Houdini Unlocked by Patrick Culliton, Two volume box set: The Tao of Houdini and The Secret Confessions of Houdini, Kieran Press, 1997.
  • The Houdini Code Mystery: A Spirit Secret Solved by William V. Rauscher, Magic Words, 2000.
  • Final Séance. The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle by Massimo Polidoro, Prometheus Books, 2001.
  • The Man Who Killed Houdini by Don Bell, Vehicle Press, 2004. Investigates J. Gordon Whitehead and the events surrounding Houdini's death.
  • Disappearing Tricks: Silent Film, Houdini, and the New Magic of the Twentieth Century by Matthew Solomon, University of Illinois Press, 2010. Contains new information about Houdini's early movie career.
  • Houdini Art and Magic by Brooke Kamin Rapaport, Jewish Museum, 2010. Essays on Houdini's life and work are accompanied by interviews with novelist E.L. Doctorow, Teller, Kenneth Silverman, and more.
  • Houdini The Key by Patrick Culliton, Kieran Press, 2010. Reveals the authentic working methods of many of Houdini effects, including the Milk Can and Water Torture Cell. Limited to 278 copies.

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