Cistaceae: Perbedaan antara revisi

Cistaceae
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
Divisi:	Magnoliophyta
Kelas:	Magnoliopsida
Ordo:	Malvales
Famili:	Cistaceae
Genera
	Cistus (rock roses); Fumana; X Halimiocistus; Halimium; Helianthemum; Hudsonia; Lechea; Tuberaria

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Revisi per 3 Januari 2015 22.01

Cistaceae adalah salah satu suku anggota tumbuhan berbunga "mawar karang" (rock rose). Menurut Sistem klasifikasi APG II suku ini dimasukkan ke dalam bangsa Malvales, klad eurosids II.

Simbolisme

Dalam bahasa bunga zaman Victoria, gum cistus dari famili tumbuhan Cistaceae melambangkan kematian segera.

Genus sinonim

Nama-nama generik di dalam familia Cistaceae pernah didefinisikan dalam berbagai publikasi,^[1]^[2] tetapi anggota-anggotanya merupakan sinonim dengan delapan genus yang ditemukan dalam riset selanjutnya.
Anthelis -- Aphananthemum -- Atlanthemum -- Crocanthemum -- Fumanopsis -- Helianthemon -- Hemiptelea -- Heteromeris -- Horanthes -- Horanthus -- Ladanium -- Ladanum -- Lecheoides -- Lechidium -- Ledonia -- Libanotis -- Planera -- Platonia -- Pomelina -- Psistina -- Psistus -- Rhodax -- Rhodocistus -- Stegitris -- Stephanocarpus -- Strobon -- Taeniostema -- Therocistus -- Trichasterophyllum -- Xolantha -- Xolanthes

^ IPNI (2004). The International Plant Names Index - Record on Cistaceae. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.
^ Kew (2004). List of genera in Cistaceae, in Vascular Plant Families and Genera Database, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.

[1] IPNI (2004). The International Plant Names Index - Record on Cistaceae. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.

[2] Kew (2004). List of genera in Cistaceae, in Vascular Plant Families and Genera Database, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.

[1]

[2]

@@ Baris 13: / Baris 13: @@
 | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
 | subdivision =
+''[[Cistus]]'' (rock roses)<br/>
-lihat teks.
+''[[Fumana]]''<br/>
+''[[Halimiocistus|X Halimiocistus]]''<br/>
+''[[Halimium]]''<br/>
+''[[Helianthemum]]''<br/>
+''[[Hudsonia]]''<br/>
+''[[Lechea]]''<br/>
+''[[Tuberaria]]''
 }}
-'''Cistaceae''' adalah salah satu [[familia|suku]] anggota [[tumbuhan berbunga]]. Menurut [[Sistem klasifikasi APG II]] suku ini dimasukkan ke dalam bangsa [[Malvales]], [[klad]] '''[[eurosids II]]'''.
+'''Cistaceae''' adalah salah satu [[familia|suku]] anggota [[tumbuhan berbunga]] "mawar karang" (''rock rose''). Menurut [[Sistem klasifikasi APG II]] suku ini dimasukkan ke dalam bangsa [[Malvales]], [[klad]] '''[[eurosids II]]'''.
+<!--
+This family consists of about 170-200 species in eight genera, distributed primarily in the temperate areas of [[Europe]] and the [[Mediterranean]] basin, but also found in [[North America]]; a limited number of species are found in [[South America]]. Most Cistaceae are [[subshrub]]s and low [[shrub]]s, and some are [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]]. They prefer dry and sunny habitats. Cistaceae grow well on poor [[soil]]s, and many of them are cultivated in [[garden]]s.
+They often have showy yellow, pink or white flowers, which are generally short-lived. The flowers are bisexual, regular, solitary or borne in cymes; they usually have five, sometimes three, petals (''Lechea''). The petals are free, usually crumpled in the bud, and sometimes in the open flower (e. g. ''Cistus incanus''). It has five sepals, the inner three of which are distinctly wider, and the outer two are narrow and sometimes regarded as bracteoles. The [[sepal]] arrangement is a characteristic property of the family.
+The [[stamen]]s are numerous, of variable length, and sit on a disc; filaments are free. The [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] is superior, usually with three carpels; placentation is parietal, with two or more ovules on each placenta. The [[fruit]] is a [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]], usually with five or ten valves (three in ''Helianthemum''). The seeds are small, with a hard, water-impermeable coating, weighing around 1&nbsp;mg.<ref name="Thanos">Thanos, C. A., K. Georghiou, C. Kadis, C. Pantazi (1992). Cistaceae: a plant family with hard seeds. ''Israel Journal of Botany'' 41 (4-6): 251-263. (Available online: [http://www.biology.uoa.gr/~cthanos/Papers/Abstracts/Cistaceae.htm Abstract] | [http://www.biology.uoa.gr/~cthanos/Papers/Cistaceae.pdf Full text (PDF)])</ref><ref>Heywood, V. H. (ed.) (1993).  ''Flowering plants of the world'', pp.&nbsp;108–109.  London: Batsford. ISBN 0-19-521037-9</ref><ref>Hutchinson, J. (1973). ''The families of flowering plants: arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny'' (3rd ed.), pp.&nbsp;254–255. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-854377-8.
+</ref><ref>Judd W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, M. J. Donoghue (2002). ''Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach'', 2nd edition, pp.&nbsp;409–410 (Cistaceae). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-403-0.
+* [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de]] (1789). ''Genera Plantarum'': 294. Parisiis.
+</ref><ref>Mabberley, D. J. (1997). ''The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants'' (2nd ed.), p.&nbsp;160. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41421-0.
+</ref>
+==Ecology==
+[[Image:Cistus purpureus.jpg|thumb|180px|left|''[[Cistus × purpureus]]'' orchid rock rose]]
+The ability of Cistaceae to thrive in many Mediterranean habitats follows from two important ecological properties: mycorrhizal ability and fast renewal after wildfire.
+Most Cistaceae have the ability to create symbiotic relationship with root [[fungi]] of the genus ''[[Tuber (fungus)|Tuber]]''.<ref>Chevalier, G., D. Mousain, Y. Couteaudier (1975). Associations ectomycorhiziennes entre Tubéracées et Cistacées. ''Annales de Phytopathologie'' '''7'''(4), 355-356</ref><ref name="giovanetti">Giovannetti, G., A. Fontana (1982). Mycorrhizal synthesis between Cistaceae and Tuberaceae. ''New Phytologist'' '''92''', 533-537</ref> In this relationship, the fungus complements the root system in its task of absorbing water and minerals from the soil, and thus allows the host plant to dwell on particularly poor soils. In addition, an interesting quality of ''T. melanosporum'' is its ability to kill all vegetation except the host plant within the reach of its mycelium, and thus to give its host some sort of "exclusiveness" for the adjacent land area.<ref name="giovanetti"/>
+Cistaceae have also optimally adapted to the wildfires that frequently eradicate large areas of forest. The plants cast their seeds in the soil during the growth period, but the latter don't germinate right in the next season. Their hard coating is impermeable to the water, and thus the seeds remain dormant for a long period of time. This together with their small size allows it to establish a large seed bank rather deep in the soil. Once the fire comes and kills the vegetation in the area, the seed coating softens or cracks as a result of the heating, and the surviving seeds [[germinate]] shortly after the fire. This mechanism allows the Cistaceae to produce a large number of young shoots simultaneously and at the right time, and thus to obtain an important advantage over other plants in the process of repopulating the area.<ref name="Thanos"/><ref>Ferrandis, P., J. M. Herrantz, J. J. Martínez-Sánchez (1999). Effect of fire on hard-coated Cistaceae seed banks and its influence on techniques for quantifying seed banks. ''Plant Ecology'' 144 (1): 103-114. (Available online: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009816309061 DOI])
+</ref>
+==Systematics==
+Molecular analyses of [[angiosperms]] have placed Cistaceae within the [[Malvales]], forming a clade with two families of tropical trees, [[Dipterocarpaceae]] and [[Sarcolaenaceae]].<ref name="Salvolainen et al. 2000">Savolainen, V., M. W. Chase, S. B. Hoot, C. M. Morton, D. E. Soltis, C. Bayer, M. F. Fay, A. Y. De Bruijn, S. Sullivan, and Y.-L. Qiu. 2000. Phylogenetics of Flowering Plants Based on Combined Analysis of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences. Syst Biol 49:306-362.</ref><ref name="Soltis et al. 2000">Soltis, D. E., P. S. Soltis, M. W. Chase, M. E. Mort, D. C. Albach, M. Zanis, V. Savolainen, W. H. Hahn, S. B. Hoop, M. F. Fay, M. Axtell, S. M. Swensen, L. M. Prince, W. J. Kress, K. C. Nison, and J. S. Farris. 2000. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, vbcL, and atpB sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133:381-461.</ref>  Recent [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] studies confirm the [[monophyly]] of Cistaceae on the basis of [[plastid]] sequences and morphological [[synapomorphy|synapomorphies]].<ref name="Guzmán and Vargas 2009">Guzmán, B. and P. Vargas. 2009. Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 9:83-99.</ref>
+Within Cistaceae, eight genera are recognized, including five in the [[Mediterranean]] (''[[Cistus]]'', ''[[Fumana]]'', ''[[Halimium]]'', ''[[Helianthemum]]'', ''[[Tuberaria]]'') and three in the temperate regions of [[North America]] (''[[Crocanthemum]]'', ''[[Hudsonia]]'', ''[[Lechea]]'').  These eight genera can be grouped into five major lineages within Cistaceae:
+*a basal clade of the genus ''[[Fumana]]''
+*the New World clade of ''[[Lechea]]''
+*the ''[[Helianthemum]]'' [[sensu (taxonomy)|s. l.]] clade, consisting of the sister groups ''[[Crocanthemum]]'' and ''[[Hudsonia]]'' from the [[New World]], and ''[[Helianthemum]]'' [[sensu (taxonomy)|s. s.]] from the [[Old World]]
+*the ''[[Tuberaria]]'' clade
+*a cohesive complex of ''[[Halimium]]'' and ''[[Cistus]]'' species
+==Cultivation and uses==
+{{Refimprove section|date=September 2013}}
+[[File:Anthrax sp. over Cistus sp. 01 by-dpc.jpg|thumb|right|220px|An [[Anthrax (fly)|Anthrax]] fly on rock-rose near [[Sotosalbos]], Spain]]
+''Cistus'', ''Halimium'' and ''Helianthemum'' are widely cultivated [[ornamental plant]]s. Their soil requirements are modest, and their hardiness allows them to survive well even the snowy winters of Northern Europe.
+Some ''Cistus'' species, mostly ''C. ladanifer'', are used to produce an aromatic resin, used in the [[perfume]] industry.
+The ability of Cistaceae to create mycorrhizal relation with [[truffle]] mushroom (''Tuber'') prompted several studies about using them as host plants for truffle cultivation. The small size of ''Cistus'' shrubs could prove favorable, as they take up less space than traditional hosts, such as [[oak]] (''Quercus'') or [[pine]] (''Pinus''), and could thus lead to larger yield per field unit.
+Cistaceae has been [[List of Bach flower remedies|listed]] as one of the 38 plants used to prepare [[Bach flower remedies]],<ref name="Vohra2004">{{cite book|author=D. S. Vohra|title=Bach Flower Remedies: A Comprehensive Study|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=icG8onA0ys8C&pg=PR3|accessdate=2 September 2013|date=1 June 2004|publisher=B. Jain Publishers|isbn=978-81-7021-271-3|page=3}}</ref> a kind of [[alternative medicine]] promoted for its effect on health. However according to [[Cancer Research UK]], "there is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control, cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer".<ref>{{cite web
+|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/flower-remedies
+|title=Flower remedies
+|publisher=[[Cancer Research UK]]
+|accessdate=September 2013
+}}</ref>
+-->
+==Simbolisme==
+Dalam [[:en:language of flowers|bahasa bunga]] zaman Victoria, [[:en:Gum Cistus|gum cistus]] dari famili tumbuhan Cistaceae melambangkan kematian segera.
+==Genus sinonim==
+Nama-nama generik di dalam familia '''Cistaceae''' pernah didefinisikan dalam berbagai publikasi,<ref>IPNI (2004). The International Plant Names Index - [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantsearch?find_family=Cistaceae&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=on&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query Record on Cistaceae]. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.</ref><ref>Kew (2004). [http://www.kew.org/cgi-bin/web.dbs/genlist.pl?CISTACEAE List of genera in Cistaceae], in [http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/data/genlist.html Vascular Plant Families and Genera Database], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.
+</ref> tetapi anggota-anggotanya merupakan [[sinonim]] dengan delapan genus yang ditemukan dalam riset selanjutnya.<br/>
+''Anthelis -- Aphananthemum -- Atlanthemum -- Crocanthemum -- Fumanopsis -- Helianthemon -- Hemiptelea -- Heteromeris -- Horanthes -- Horanthus -- Ladanium -- Ladanum -- Lecheoides -- Lechidium  -- Ledonia -- Libanotis -- Planera -- Platonia -- Pomelina -- Psistina -- Psistus -- Rhodax -- Rhodocistus -- Stegitris -- Stephanocarpus -- Strobon -- Taeniostema -- Therocistus -- Trichasterophyllum -- Xolantha -- Xolanthes''
 {{commons|Cistaceae}}
-{{botani-stub}}
 [[Kategori:Cistaceae| ]]