Flu Spanyol
Artikel ini memberikan informasi dasar tentang topik kesehatan. |
Cie pada ke wiki wkwkwkwkwk Pandemik Flu 1918 (biasa disebut Flu Spanyol) adalah Pandemik Influenza kategori 5 yang mulai menyebar di Amerika Serikat, muncul di Afrika Barat dan Prancis, lalu menyebar hampir ke seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh Virus Influenza Tipe A subtipe H1N1. Kebanyakan korban Flu ini adalah orang dewasa dan muda. Flu Spanyol terjadi dari Maret 1918 sampai Juni 1920,[1] menyebar sampai ke Arktik dan kepulauan Pasifik. Diperkirakan 50 sampai 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia meninggal, sementara Indonesia diperkirakan sampai sekitar 1-1,5 juta jiwa yang meninggal di masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda ini[2]. Karena sangat sulit ditanggulangi oleh berbagai negara di seluruh dunia, para pimpinan tiap negara sampai membuatkan hukum seperti pelarangan berjabat tangan di Arizona karena sangat mudah menyebarnya[3].
Daftar pustaka
- Barry, John M. (2004). The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History. Viking Penguin. ISBN 0-670-89473-7.
- Crosby, Alfred W. (1990). America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38695-0.
- Johnson, Niall (2006). Britain and the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36560-0.
- Johnson, Niall (2003). "Measuring a pandemic: Mortality, demography and geography". Popolazione e Storia: 31–52.
- Johnson, Niall (2003). "Scottish 'flu – The Scottish mortality experience of the "Spanish flu". Scottish Historical Review. 83 (2): 216–226.
- Johnson, Niall (2002). "Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918–1920 'Spanish' influenza pandemic". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 76: 105–15.
- Mendes, Shawn (1998). The Great Pandemic of The Greatest Plague in History
- Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It (1999) ISBN 0-374-15706-5
- Little, Jean (2007). If I Die Before I Wake: The Flu Epidemic Diary of Fiona Macgregor, Toronto, Ontario, 1918. Dear Canada. Markham, Ont.: Scholastic Canada. ISBN 9780439988377.
- Noymer, Andrew (2000). "The 1918 Influenza Epidemic's Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States". Population and Development Review. 26 (3): 565–581. ISSN 0098-7921.
- Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Innes W, Daniels RS, Johnson NP (2002). "World War I may have allowed the emergence of "Spanish" influenza". The Lancet infectious diseases. 2 (2): 111–4. PMID 11901642.
- Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Johnson NP, Daniels RS (1999). "Who's that lady?". Nat. Med. 5 (12): 1351–2. doi:10.1038/70913. PMID 10581070.
- Phillips, Howard (2003). The Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918: New Perspectives. London and New York: Routledge.
- Rice, Geoffrey W. (1993). "Pandemic Influenza in Japan, 1918-1919: Mortality Patterns and Official Responses". Journal of Japanese Studies. 19 (2): 389–420. ISSN 0095-6848.
- Rice, Geoffrey W. (2005). Black November: the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand. Canterbury University Press. ISBN 1-877257-35-4.
- Tumpey TM, García-Sastre A, Mikulasova A; et al. (2002). "Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (21): 13849–54. doi:10.1073/pnas.212519699. PMID 12368467.
Pranala luar
- Video from Expert Panel Discussion on Avian Flu
- Nature "Web Focus" on 1918 flu, including new research
- Influenza Pandemic on stanford.edu
- Article: The Deadliest Fall
- Influenza 1918 in the United States on pbs.org
- Secrets of the Dead: Killer Flu (PBS)
- Flu by Eileen A. Lynch. The devastating effect of the Spanish flu in the city of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dialog: An Interview with Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger on Reconstructing the Spanish Flu
- The Deadly Virus - The Influenza Epidemic of 1918, by the National Archives and Records Administration (see actual pictures and records of the time).
- The 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand - includes recorded recollections of people who lived through it
- Experts Unlock Clues to Spread of 1918 Flu Virus - The New York Times
- PBS - recovery of flu samples from Alaskan flu victims
- An Avian Connection as a Catalyst to the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic
- Alaska Science Forum - Permafrost Preserves Clues to Deadly 1918 Flu
- Pathology of Influenza in France, 1920 Report
- "Deadly secret of 1918 flu virus unmasked", Cosmos magazine, September 2006
- Yesterday's News blog, 1918 newspaper account on impact of flu on Minneapolis
- "Lethal secrets of 1918 flu virus" BBC News, January 2007
- "Study uncovers a lethal secret of 1918 influenza virus" University of Wisconsin - Madison, January 17, 2007
- "The site of origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its public health implications" Journal of Translational Medicine, January 20, 2004