Kapal penumpang
Kapal penumpang adalah kapal yang digunakan untuk angkutan penumpang. Untuk meningkatkan effisiensi atau melayani keperluan yang lebih luas kapal penumpang dapat berupa kapal Ro-Ro, ataupun untuk perjalanan pendek terjadwal dalam bentuk kapal feri.
Di Indonesia perusahaan yang mengoperasikan kapal penumpang adalah PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia yang dikenal sebagai PELNI, sedang kapal Ro-Ro penumpang dan kendaraan dioperasikan oleh PT ASDP, PT Dharma Lautan Utama, PT Jembatan Madura dan berbagai perusahaan pelayaran lainnya.
Daftar kapal yang pernah sangat terkenal pada zamannya
| Tahun | Nama | Tonase kotor | Perusahaan | Negara |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1819 | SS Savannah | 320 BRT | Savannah Steamship Company | Amerika Serikat |
| 1831 | SS Royal William | 540 BRT | St. John & Halifax Steam Navigation Company | Kanada |
| 1838 | SS Great Western | 1,340 BRT | Great Western Steamship Company | United Kingdom |
| 1840 | SS President | 2,366 BRT | British & American Steam Navigation Company | United Kingdom |
| 1845 | SS Great Britain | 3,270 BRT | Great Western Steamship Company | United Kingdom |
| 1857 | SS Adriatic | 4,145 BRT | New York & Liverpool United States Mail S.S. Co. (Collins) | United States |
| 1858 | SS Great Eastern | 18,915 BRT | Eastern Steam Navigation Company | United Kingdom |
| 1867 | RMS Republic (after loss of Great Eastern) | 4,352 BRT | Pacific Mail Steamship Company Inc. | United States |
| 1871 | RMS Egypt | 4,670 BRT | National Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1875 | SS City of Berlin | 5,526 BRT | Inman Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1881 | SS Servia | 7,391 BRT | Cunard Line | United Kingdom |
| 1881 | SS City of Rome | 8,415 BRT | Inman Line | United Kingdom |
| 1893 | RMS Lucania | 12,952 BRT | Cunard Line | United Kingdom |
| 1897 | SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Große | 14,349 BRT | Norddeutscher Lloyd | Germany |
| 1899 | RMS Oceanic | 17,274 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1905 | RMS Baltic | 23,876 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1906 | SS Kaiserin Auguste Victoria | 24,581 BRT | Hapag | Germany |
| 1907 | RMS Lusitania | 31,550 BRT | Cunard Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1912 | RMS Titanic | 46,329 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1912 | RMS Olympic (after loss of Titanic and refit) | 46,439 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1913 | SS Imperator | 52,117 BRT | Hapag | Germany |
| 1914 | SS Vaterland | 54,282 BRT | Hapag | Germany |
| 1914 | SS Bismarck | 56,551 BRT | Hapag | Germany |
| 1922 | RMS Majestic (ex Bismarck) | 56,551 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1935 | SS Normandie | 79,280 BRT | Compagnie Générale Transatlantique S.A. | France |
| 1940 | RMS Queen Elizabeth | 83,673 BRT | Cunard-White Star Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 1971 | SS Seawise University (ex Queen Elizabeth) | 83,673 BRT | Orient Overseas Container Line | Hong Kong |
| 1972 | SS France (after loss of Normandie (1942), Queen Mary (1967), and Seawise University) | 66,343 BRT | Compagnie Générale Transatlantique | France |
| 1984 | SS Norway (ex France) | 70,202 BRT | Norwegian Cruise Line | Norway/United States |
| 1990 | SS Norway (after reconstruction) | 76,049 BRT | Norwegian Cruise Line | Norway/United States |
| 1996 | MS Carnival Destiny | 101,509 BRZ | Carnival Cruise Line Inc. | United States |
| 1997 | MS Grand Princess | 108,865 BRZ | P & O Princess Cruises Ltd. | United Kingdom/United States |
| 2004 | RMS Queen Mary 2 | 148,528 BRT | Cunard Line Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| 2006 | MS Freedom of the Seas | 154,407 GT | Royal Caribbean International | Norway/United States |
| 2007 | MS Liberty of the Seas and MS Freedom of the Seas | 154,407 GT | Royal Caribbean International | Norway/United States |
| 2008 | MS Independence of the Seas | 160,000 GT | Royal Caribbean International | Norway/United States |
Lihat pula
Referensi
- Durand, Jean-François. Autour du Monde Paquebots. Cruise ships around the world. Editions marines, 1996. [bilingual text]
- Marin, Pierre-Henri. Les paquebots, ambassadeurs des mers. Paris: Gallimard, 1989.
Pranala luar
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