Boeing 737 Classic
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 British Airways 737-400 | |
| Tipe | Airliner |
|---|---|
| Terbang perdana | February 24, 1984 |
| Status | Out of production, in service |
| Tahun produksi | 1981–2000[1] |
| Jumlah produksi | 1,998[1] |
| Acuan dasar | Boeing 737 |
| Varian | Boeing 737 Next Generation |
Boeing 737 Classic adalah nama yang diberikan kepada seri -300/-400/-500 dari Boeing 737 mengikuti perkenalan dari seri -600/-700/-800/-900. Mereka adalah short- to medium- range, narrow-body aircraft jet airliner yang diproduksi oleh Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Seri klasik diperkenalkan sebagai 'Generasi baru' dari 737.[2] Diproduksi dari 1984 sampai 2000, 1,988 pesawat telah dikirim.
Pengembangan dan desain
Mengikuti sukses dari Boeing 737-200, Boeing menginginkan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan Jarak jangkau, menggabungkan perbaikan untuk meng-upgrade pesawat itu kepada spesifikasi modern, yang juga mempertahankan kesamaan dengan varian 737 terdahulu. Pengembangan dimulai pada 1979, dan pada 1980 spesifikasi pesawat awal dirilis pada Farnborough Airshow.[3] Pada bulan Maret 1981, USAir dan Southwest Airlines memesan masing-masing 10 pesawat, dengan opsi 20.
Seri terbaru menampilkan mesin CFM International CFM56 turbofan, menghasilkan keuntungan yang signifikan dalam efisiensi bahan bakar dan pengurangan dalam kebisingan, tetapi juga berpose sebuah tantangan teknik yang diberikan kepada jarak dari tanah dari 737. Boeing dan pemasok mesin CFMI menyelesaikan masalah itu dengan menempatkan mesinnya di depan (bukan di bawah) sayap, dan dengan memindahkan aksesoris mesin ke depan (bukan di belakang) dari pod mesin, memberi 737 sebuah yang khas yaitu udara masuk yang tidak melingkar.[4]
Sayapnya dimasukkan sejumlah perubahan untuk perbaikan aerodinamika. Ujung sayap diperpanjang 9 inci (23 cm). Slot terdepan dan Sirip sayap telah disesuaikan.[4] Dek penerbangan ditingkatkan dengan pilihan EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrumentation System), dan kabin penumpang incorporated improvements similar to those on the Boeing 757.
Variants
737-300
Prototipe dari -300 diluncurkan dari pabrik Renton pada tanggal 17 Januari 1984, dan pertama kali terbang pada tanggal 24 Februari 1984. [5] Setelah menerima sertifikasi penerbangan pada tanggal 14 November 1984, USAir menerima pesawat pertama pada tanggal 28 November. [1] Sebuah pesawat yang sangat populer, Boeing menerima 252 pesanan untuk itu pada tahun 1985, dan lebih dari 1000 seluruh produksinya. [6] Seri 300 tetap di produksi sampai 1999 ketika pesawat terakhir yang disampaikan ke Air New Zealand pada tanggal 17 Desember 1999, pendaftaran ZK-NGJ.
Pada bulan Desember 2008, Southwest Airlines dipilih Boeing 737-300 untuk retrofit dengan set baru instrumen, hardware dan software, dalam rangka meningkatkan kesamaan dengan 737-700 , serta untuk mendukung Navigasi Kinerja Diperlukan inisiatif. [7]
737-300 dapat dipasang dengan Aviation Partners Boeing winglets. 737-300 dipasang dengan sayap yang ditunjuk-300SP (Kinerja khusus). Digunakan penumpang -300 pesawat juga telah dikonversi ke versi kargo. The 737-300 kini digantikan oleh 737-700 dalam Generation Boeing 737 Selanjutnya keluarga.
737-400
Desain 737-400 diluncurkan pada tahun 1985 untuk mengisi kesenjangan antara 737-300 dan 757-200 , dan berkompetisi dengan Airbus A320 dan McDonnell Douglas MD-80 . Ini membentang 737-300 lain 10 ft (3,45 m) untuk mengangkut hingga 168 penumpang. Ini termasuk bumper ekor untuk mencegah tailscrapes saat take-off (masalah awal dengan 757), dan diperkuat spar sayap . [8] Prototipe diluncurkan pada tanggal 26 Januari 1988, dan terbang untuk pertama kalinya pada 19 Februari 1988 .
Pesawat memasuki layanan pada tanggal 15 September 1988, dengan pelanggan peluncuran Piedmont Airlines (25 pesawat memerintahkan). [1]
737-400F adalah bukan model disampaikan oleh Boeing 737-400 tapi dikonversi ke sebuah pesawat kargo semua. Alaska Airlines adalah yang pertama untuk mengkonversi salah satu dari 400-an mereka dari layanan reguler ke pesawat dengan kemampuan untuk menangani 10 palet. [9] Maskapai ini juga telah diubah lima lebih ke pesawat combi tetap untuk setengah penumpang dan barang. Ini pesawat 737-400 Combi sekarang dalam pelayanan. [10] The 737-400 kini digantikan oleh 737-800 dalam keluarga Generation Boeing 737 Next.
737-500
Seri -500 ditawarkan, karena permintaan pelanggan, sebagai pengganti modern dan langsung dari 737-200, menggabungkan perbaikan dari seri 737 klasik dalam model yang memungkinkan rute lama dengan penumpang sedikit menjadi lebih ekonomis dibandingkan dengan 737 -300. Panjang pesawat dari -500 adalah 1 kaki 7 (47 cm) lebih panjang dari 737-200, menampung hingga 132 penumpang. Baik kaca dan lebih tua gaya mekanik cockpits pengaturan yang tersedia. [11] Menggunakan mesin CFM56-3 juga memberikan peningkatan 25% dalam efisiensi bahan bakar atas tua-200 P & W mesin. [11] LOT Polish Airlines 737-500
737-500 diluncurkan pada tahun 1987, oleh Southwest Airlines , dengan perintah untuk 20 pesawat, [12] dan terbang untuk pertama kalinya pada tanggal 30 Juni 1989. [11] Satu prototipe terbang 375 jam untuk proses sertifikasi, [11] dan pada 28 Februari 1990 Southwest Airlines menerima pengiriman pertama. [1] The 737-500 telah menjadi favorit dari beberapa maskapai penerbangan Rusia, dengan Nordavia , Rossiya Airlines , S7 Airlines , Sky Express , Transaero , dan Yamal Airlines membeli semua kedua -tangan model pesawat untuk menggantikan penuaan Soviet -built pesawat dan / atau memperluas armada mereka. Aerolíneas Argentinas menggantikan nya 737-200 dengan kedua tangan 737-500-an. The 737-500 kini digantikan oleh 737-600 dalam keluarga Generation Boeing 737 Next. Namun, tidak seperti 737-500, 737-600 yang telah menjadi penjual lambat untuk Boeing sejak diperkenalkan, dengan hanya 69 pesawat dikirim.
Operators
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Civilian
As of July 2010, 1,651 Boeing 737 Classic aircraft were in commercial service. This includes 879 -300s, 419 -400s, and 353 -500s.[13]
Military
Many countries operate the 737 passenger and cargo variants in government or military applications.
- Brazil, Chile, Colombia, India (Indian Air Force), Indonesia, Kuwait, Mexico, Niger, Peru, Philippines (Philippine Air Force), South Korea, Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC's Air Force One), Thailand (Royal Thai Air Force), United Arab Emirates, Venezuela.
- The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of the People's Republic of China operates a 737-300 (registered B-4052) as an airborne command post.
Deliveries
| Type | Total | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1986 | 1985 | 1984 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B737-300 | 1113 | 29 | 52 | 65 | 37 | 52 | 54 | 54 | 57 | 69 | 67 | 89 | 141 | 137 | 120 | 83 | 7 | |
| B737-400 | 486 | 2 | 9 | 33 | 33 | 21 | 13 | 32 | 68 | 82 | 56 | 63 | 57 | 17 | ||||
| B737-500 | 389 | 4 | 31 | 34 | 18 | 24 | 35 | 30 | 79 | 90 | 44 | |||||||
| Total | 1988 | 2 | 42 | 116 | 132 | 76 | 89 | 121 | 152 | 218 | 215 | 174 | 146 | 158 | 137 | 120 | 83 | 7 |
- Source:[14]
Accidents and incidents
The Boeing 737 Classic were involved in 26 Hull-loss Accidents with a total of 1,040 fatalities as of January 2010.[15] Notable accidents and incidents involving the 737 Classics (-300/-400/-500) include:
- January 8, 1989: Kegworth air disaster: British Midland Penerbangan 92, using a 737-400, crashed outside of East Midlands Airport. Of the eight crew and 118 passengers, 47 passengers died.
- February 1, 1991: USAir Penerbangan 1493, using a 737-300, collided with a SkyWest Airlines Fairchild Metro III while landing in Los Angeles. All of the 12 people on the Fairchild Metro died while 20 passengers and 2 crew members out of 6 crew members and 83 passengers died on the 737.
- July 26, 1993: Asiana Airlines Penerbangan 733, using a 737-500, crashed into a mountain, killing 68 of 110 occupants.
- September 8, 1994: USAir Penerbangan 427, using a 737-300 with 127 passengers and 5 crew members, lost control after a rudder malfunction and crashed outside of Pittsburgh International Airport, killing everyone on board.
- May 8, 1997: China Southern Airlines Penerbangan 3456, using a 737-300, crashed while landing in Shenzhen, killing 33 of 65 passengers and 2 of 9 crew members.
- December 19, 1997: SilkAir Penerbangan 185, using a 737-300 with 97 passengers and 7 crew members, crashed into a river in Indonesia, killing everyone on board.
- September 16, 1998: Continental Airlines Penerbangan 475, using a 737-500, received windshear while landing in Guadalajara, Mexico. None of the passengers and crew received injuries. The aircraft was written off.[16]
- April 7, 1999: Turkish Airlines Penerbangan 5904, using a 737-400 with six crew members, crashed in Turkey. All of the crew on board died; no passengers flew on that Penerbangan.
- March 5, 2000: Southwest Airlines Penerbangan 1455, using a 737-300, overran the runway upon landing in Burbank, California, United States and crashed. All of the passengers and crew survived.
- March 3, 2001: Thai Airways International Penerbangan 114, a 737-400 bound for Chiang Mai from Bangkok, was destroyed by an explosion of the center wing tank resulting from ignition of the flammable fuel/air mixture in the tank. The source of the ignition energy for the explosion could not be determined with certainty, but the most likely source was an explosion originating at the center wing tank pump as a result of running the pump in the presence of metal shavings and a fuel/air mixture.[17] One Penerbangan attendant died.[18]
- May 7, 2002: EgyptAir Penerbangan 843, using a 737-500, crashed during approach to Tunis, Tunisia. 3 of 6 crew members and 11 of 56 passengers died.[19]
- January 3, 2004: Flash Airlines Penerbangan 604, using a 737-300 with 135 passengers and 13 crew members, crashed into the Red Sea, killing everyone on board.
- June 9, 2005: 2005 Logan Airport runway incursion – A 737-300 operated by US Airways as US Airways Penerbangan 1170 avoided collision with an Aer Lingus Airbus A330 at Logan Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- August 14, 2005: Helios Airways Penerbangan 522, using a 737-300, suffered a gradual decompression which incapacitated 5 of the 6 crew members and all of the 115 passengers. The plane circled around Greece before crashing into a hill, killing everyone on board.
- October 3, 2006: A man hijacked Turkish Airlines Penerbangan 1476, Boeing 737-400. The aircraft landed in Italy and all of the passengers and crew survived.
- January 1, 2007: Adam Air Penerbangan 574, using a 737-400 with 96 passengers and six crew members, crashed off the coast of Sulawesi. the occupants were never found, and were presumed dead.
- February 21, 2007: Adam Air Penerbangan 172, using a 737-300, suffered a structural failure when landing at Juanda International Airport. All of the passengers and crew survived.
- March 7, 2007: Garuda Indonesia Penerbangan 200, using a 737-400, crashed upon landing at Adisucipto International Airport. Out of 133 passengers and 7 crew members, 20 passengers and 1 crew member died.
- September 14, 2008: Aeroflot Penerbangan 821, using an Aeroflot-Nord-operated 737-500, crashed shortly before its scheduled arrival at Perm, Russia. All 82 passengers and six crew members were killed.[20]
- December 20, 2008: Continental Airlines Penerbangan 1404, a 737-500, veered off the runway and caught fire at Denver International Airport during an attempted departure. There were no casualties.[21]
- July 13, 2009: Southwest Airlines Penerbangan 2294 while airborne had a football shaped hole appear and made an emergency landing at Charleston, WV. All 131 onboard survived. The cause is still under investigation.
- January 16, 2010: UTair Aviation Boeing 737-500 VQ-BAC departed the runway on landing at Vnukovo International Airport and was substantially damaged when the nosewheel collapsed.[22]
- April 13, 2010: Merpati Nusantara Airlines Penerbangan 836, operated by 737-300 PK-MDE overran the runway at Rendani Airport, Manokwari, Indonesia and broke up in two pieces. All 103 passengers and six crew escaped alive.[23]
- November 2, 2010: Lion Air Penerbangan 712, operated by Boeing 737-400 PK-LIQ overran the runway on landing at Supadio Airport, Pontianak, coming to rest on its belly. All 174 passengers and crew evacuated by the emergency chutes, with few injuries reported.[24]
- April 1, 2011: Southwest Airlines Penerbangan 812 had a six-foot tear in the upper fuselage on a Penerbangan from Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport to Sacramento International Airport, and diverted to Yuma after an emergency descent. One minor injury was reported.[25]
- January 23, 2012: A United Airlines Boeing 737-500 was preparing for a Penerbangan to Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston from El Paso International Airport, when a maintenance-related engine run-up of the right-hand engine was carried out, sucking in and fatally injuring a mechanic.[26]
Specifications
| Measurement | 737-300[3][27] | 737-400 | 737-500 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cockpit crew | Two | ||
| Seating capacity[28] | 149 (1-class, dense) 140 (1-class, typical) 128 (2-class, typical) |
168 (1-class, dense) 159 (1-class, typical) 146 (2-class, typical) |
132 (1-class, dense) 122 (1-class, typical) 108 (2-class, typical) |
| Seat pitch | 30 in (76 cm) (1-class, dense) 32 in (81 cm) (1-class, typical) 36 in (91 cm) & 32 in (81 cm) (2-class, typical) | ||
| Seat width | 17.2" (1-class, 6 abreast seating) | ||
| Overall length | 33.4 m (109 ft 7 in) |
36.5 m (119 ft 6 in) |
31.1 m (101 ft 8 in) |
| Wingspan | 28.88 m (94 ft 8 in) |
28.9 m (94 ft 9 in) | |
| Overall height | 11.13 m (36 ft 6 in) |
11.1 m (36 ft 5 in) | |
| Wing sweepback | 25° | ||
| Aspect ratio | 9.11 | 9.16 | |
| Fuselage width | 3.76 m (12 ft 4 in) | ||
| Fuselage height | 4.11 m (13' 6") | ||
| Cabin width | 3.54 m (11 ft 7 in) | ||
| Cabin height | 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in) | ||
| Operating empty weight, typical | 32,700 kg (72,100 lb) |
33,200 kg (73,040 lb) |
31,300 kg (68,860 lb) |
| Maximum Takeoff Weight | 62,820 kg (138,500 lb) |
68,050 kg (149,710 lb) |
60,550 kg (133,210 lb) |
| Maximum landing weight | 51,700 kg (114,000 lb) |
56,200 kg (124,000 lb) |
50,000 kg (110,000 lb) |
| Maximum zero-fuel weight | 48,410 kg (106,500 lb) |
53,100 kg (117,000 lb) |
46,700 kg (103,000 lb) |
| Cargo capacity | 23.3 m³ (822 ft³) |
38.9 m³ (1,373 ft³) |
23.3 m³ (822 ft³) |
| Takeoff field length (MTOW, SL, ISA) | 2,300 m (7,546 ft) | 2,540 m (8,483 ft) | 2,470 m (8,249 ft) |
| Service ceiling | 37,000 ft | ||
| Cruising speed (Mach) | 0.74 | 0.74 | |
| Maximum speed (Mach) | 0.82 | ||
| Range fully loaded | 4,204 km (2,270 NM) | 4,204 km (2,270 NM) | 4,444 km (2,402 NM) |
| Maximum fuel capacity | 23,170 L 6,130 USG |
23,800 L 6,296 USG |
23,800 L 6,296 USG |
| Engine manufacturer | CFM International | ||
| Engine type (x2) | CFM56-3B-1 | CFM56-3B-2 | CFM56-3B-1 |
| Takeoff thrust | 90 kN (20,000 lbf) | 98 kN (22,000 lbf) | 90 kN (20,000 lbf) |
| Cruising thrust | 21,810 N (4,902 lbf) | 21,900 N (4,930 lbf) | 21,810 N (4,902 lbf) |
| Fan tip diameter | 1.52 m (60 in) | 1.52 m (60 in) | |
| Engine bypass ratio | 5.0:1 | 4.9:1 | 5.0:1 |
| Engine length | 2.36 m (93 in) | ||
| Engine weight (dry) | 1,950 kg (4,301 lb) | ||
| Engine ground clearance | 46 cm (18 in) | ||
See also
- Pengembangan yang berhubungan
- Pesawat sebanding dalam peran, konfigurasi, dan era
- Airbus A320
- McDonnell Douglas DC-9
- McDonnell Douglas MD-80
- McDonnell Douglas MD-90
- Tupolev Tu-124
- Tupolev Tu-134
- Tupolev Tu-154
- Yakovlev Yak-42
- Daftar terkait
References
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e Endres, 2001, p.129.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg. 7.
- ^ a b Endres, 2001, p.126.
- ^ a b Endres, 2001, p.128.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg.10.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg.7
- ^ "Boeing Press Release, December 22, 2008". Boeing.com. 2008-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg. 13.
- ^ "Boeing 737-400 Freighter". Aircraft Information. Alaska Airlines. Diakses tanggal 2011-06-29.
- ^ "Boeing 737-400 Combi (73Q)". Aircraft Information. Alaska Airlines. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2011.
- ^ a b c d Shaw, 1999, pg 14.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg 40.
- ^ "World Airliner Census". Flight International, pp. 26–49. August 24–30, 2010.
- ^ "Orders and Deliveries search page". Boeing. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2011.
- ^ "JACDEC's Airliner Safety Statistics: Aircraft". JACDEC. 2007-05-17.
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-524 N20643 Guadalajara-Miguel Hidal Airport (GDL)". Aviation-safety.net. 1998-09-16. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ "Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 03032001". Airdisaster.com. 2001-03-03. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-4D7 HS-TDC Bangkok International Airport (BKK)". Aviation-safety.net. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-566 SU-GBI Tunis-Carthage Airport (TUN)". Aviation-safety.net. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ "Боинг-737-500 VP-BKO 14.09.2008." Interstate Aviation Committee. Retrieved on 19 February 2009.
- ^ "737 Bursts into Flames, All Survive". NPR. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-21.
- ^ "Recent accidents / incidents worldwide". JACDEC. Diakses tanggal 17 January 2010.
- ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Merpati B733 at Manokwari on Apr 13th 2010, overran runway and broke up in river". Aviation Herald. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2010.
- ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Lion Air B734 at Pontianak on Nov 2nd 2010, overran runway on landing". Aviation Herald. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2010.
- ^ "Six-foot hole opens in 737 during Penerbangan". King5 News. Diakses tanggal April 2, 2011.
- ^ "Engineer sucked into engine aftermath". Live Journal. Diakses tanggal January 27, 2012.
- ^ shaw, 1999, p 20.
- ^ "Boeing 737 Description" (PDF). Boeing. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ "Commercial Airplanes - 737 - Technical Information". Boeing. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- ^ "Commercial Airplanes - 737 737 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning". Boeing. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20.
- Bibliography
- Endres, Günter. The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1125-0.
- Sharpe, Michael and Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 737-100 and 200. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-0991-4.
- Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 737-300 to 800]. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0699-0.
- Shaw, Robbie. Boeing Jetliners. London, England: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-8553-2528-4.
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