Ostrakon

Ostracon (Yunani: ὄστρακον ostrakon, bentuk jamak: ὄστρακα ostraka; bahasa Inggris: ostracon) adalah sebutan untuk pecahan keramik (atau batu), yang biasanya berasal dari suatu guci atau tempayan tanah liat lainnya. Dalam arkeologi, ostrakon dapat memuat kata-kata atau tulisan yang diukir di permukaannya dan memberikan indikasi tarikh penggunaan benda tersebut.

Di Atena, Yunani, pada zaman kuno, masyarakat melakukan voting dengan menulis atau mengukir nama seseorang pada potongan keramik, misalnya untuk mengasingkan atau mengusir seseorang dari kelompok masyarakat itu. Setelah voting dihitung dan suara terbanyak menolak yang bersangkutan, maka orang tersebut diasingkan selama 10 tahun dari kota itu, sehingga menghasilkan istilah ostracism (ostrakisme).

Ostrakon Mesir

Anything with a smooth surface could be used as a writing surface. Generally discarded material, ostraca were cheap, readily available and therefore frequently used for writings of an ephemeral nature such as messages, prescriptions, receipts, students exercises and notes: pottery shards, limestone flakes,^[1] thin fragments of other stone types, etc., but limestone sherds, being flaky and of a lighter color, were most common. Ostraca were typically small, covered with just a few words or a small picture drawn in ink;^[2] but the tomb of the craftsman Sennedjem at Deir el Medina contained an enormous ostracon inscribed with the Story of Sinuhe.^[1]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Donadoni, Sergio, ed. (1997), The Egyptians, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, hlm. 78, ISBN 0-226-15555-2 .
^ Klauck, Hans-Josef (2006), Ancient Letters And the New Testament: A Guide to Context and Exegesis, Baylor University Press, hlm. 45, ISBN 1-932792-40-6 .

Pustaka

Artikel ini memuat teks dari suatu penerbitan yang sekarang berada dalam ranah publik: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Christian Ostraka". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
Parkinson, Richard; Diffie, W.; Fischer, M.; Simpson, R. S. (1999), Cracking Codes: The Rosetta Stone, and Decipherment, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-22306-3 .
Reeves, Nicholas (2000), Ancient Egypt: The Great Discoveries: A Year-by-Year Chronicle, London: Thames and Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05105-4 . (Specifically, "1964-71: The Sacred Animal Necropolis, Saqqara"; and "1964-65: A Statue Finds Its Face".)
McDowell, A. G. Village Life in Ancient Egypt: Laundry Lists and Love Songs (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002).
Forsdyke, Sara, Exile, Ostracism, and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece (Princeton, PUP, 2005).
Litinas, Nikos, Greek Ostraca from Chersonesos, Crete: Ostraca Cretica Chersonesi (O.Cret.Chers.) (Wien: Holzhausen, 2008) (Tyche. Supplementband; 6).

Pranala luar

Ostraca
The Ostracon, the research publication of the Egyptian Study Society.
Archeologist discovers 3000-year old ostracon
Prize Find: Oldest Hebrew Inscription Biblical Archaeology Review

[Donadoni-1] Donadoni, Sergio, ed. (1997), The Egyptians, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, hlm. 78, ISBN 0-226-15555-2 .

[2] Klauck, Hans-Josef (2006), Ancient Letters And the New Testament: A Guide to Context and Exegesis, Baylor University Press, hlm. 45, ISBN 1-932792-40-6 .

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