Murabit

Marabout (bahasa Arab: مُرابِط, translit. murābiṭ) adalah seorang pemimpin dan guru agama Islam^[1] di Afrika Barat, dan (dulunya) di Maghreb. Marabout seringkali adalah seorang cendekiawan al-Qur'an, atau guru agama. Yang lainnya adalah pria suci yang mengembara dan menjalani hidup sebagai Mursyid ("Pemandu") Sufi, atau pemimpin komunitas keagamaan. Yang lainnya masih memegang tradisi sinkretis pra-Islam yang masih ada, menjadi amulet untuk nasib baik, memimpin berbagai upacara, menyatakan masa depan, dan dalam beberapa kasus memandu kehidupan para pengikutnya, tetapi praktiknya tak diterima dalam Islam Sunni Ortodoks arus utama.

Referensi

^ Roncoli, Carla Roncoli; Kirshen, Paul; Kirshen, Paul; Ingram, Keith (June 2002). "Reading the Rains: Local Knowledge and Rainfall Forecasting in Burkina Faso". Society and Natural Resources. 15 (2): 409–427. doi:10.1080/08941920252866774. Marabouts are Islamic spiritualists who are also believed to have the capacity to foresee but not control the future. These spiritualists range from conventional Islamic clerics (Limam) who are versed in the Koran and preside over services at local mosques, to local healers and diviners who mix Islam with indigenous beliefs and practices. Some marabouts practices resemble those of getba, with Islamic verses replacing cowries. Most marabouts receive gifts or money for their services, with the most respected and renowned marabouts drawing substantial income from their practice. However, these practices are generally disapproved by Islamic orthodoxy.

(Prancis) Christian Coulon, Pouvoir maraboutique et pouvoir politique au Sénégal, Paris, Université de Paris, 1976, 2 vol. 594 p. (Thèse d’Etat, remaniée et publiée en 1981 sous le titre Le marabout et le prince. Islam et pouvoir au Sénégal, Paris, Pedone, XII-317 p.)
(Prancis) Bassirou Diop, Le rôle joué par les marabouts toucouleurs dans l’islamisation du Sénégal, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1983 (Mémoire de Maîtrise)
Christopher Harrison. France and Islam in West Africa, 1860-1960, Cambridge University Press (1988) ISBN 0-521-35230-4
E. Westermarck, Ritual and Belief in Morocco. London 1926.
Leonardo Alfonso Villalón. Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick, Cambridge University Press, (1995) ISBN 0-521-46007-7

[Rain-1] Roncoli, Carla Roncoli; Kirshen, Paul; Kirshen, Paul; Ingram, Keith (June 2002). "Reading the Rains: Local Knowledge and Rainfall Forecasting in Burkina Faso". Society and Natural Resources. 15 (2): 409–427. doi:10.1080/08941920252866774. Marabouts are Islamic spiritualists who are also believed to have the capacity to foresee but not control the future. These spiritualists range from conventional Islamic clerics (Limam) who are versed in the Koran and preside over services at local mosques, to local healers and diviners who mix Islam with indigenous beliefs and practices. Some marabouts practices resemble those of getba, with Islamic verses replacing cowries. Most marabouts receive gifts or money for their services, with the most respected and renowned marabouts drawing substantial income from their practice. However, these practices are generally disapproved by Islamic orthodoxy.

[1]