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Flu Spanyol

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Revisi sejak 2 November 2020 07.00 oleh Hanamanteo (bicara | kontrib) (+)


Spanish flu
PenyakitInfluenza
Galur virusStrains of A/H1N1
LokasiWorldwide
TanggalFebruary 1918 – April 1920[1]
Kasus dicurigai‡500 million (estimate)[2]
Kematian
17–100 million (estimates)[3]
‡ Kasus yang dicurigai belum dikonfirmasi karena galur ini sedang diteliti di laboratorium. Beberapa galur lain mungkin telah dicegah.

Flu Spanyol, yang juga dikenal dengan pandemi flu 1918, adalah pandemi influenza yang sangat mematikan yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza A H1N1. Lasting from February 1918 to April 1920, it infected 500 million people – about a third of the world's population at the time – in four successive waves. The death toll is typically estimated to have been somewhere between 17 million and 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in human history.[4][5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Yang, Wan; Petkova, Elisaveta; Shaman, Jeffrey (2014). "The 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City: age-specific timing, mortality, and transmission dynamics". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 8 (2): 177–88. doi:10.1111/irv.12217. PMC 4082668 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 24299150. 
  2. ^ Taubenberger & Morens 2006.
  3. ^ Hagemann, Hannah (2 Apr 2020). "The 1918 Flu Pandemic Was Brutal, Killing More Than 50 Million People Worldwide". NPR. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2020. 
  4. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama pmid30202996
  5. ^ Rosenwald, Michael S . (7 April 2020). "History's deadliest pandemics, from ancient Rome to modern America". Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asliPerlu langganan berbayar tanggal 2020-04-07. Diakses tanggal 11 April 2020. 

Daftar pustaka

  • Barry, John M. (2004). The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History. Viking Penguin. ISBN 0-670-89473-7. 
  • Crosby, Alfred W. (1990). America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38695-0. 
  • Johnson, Niall (2006). Britain and the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36560-0. 
  • Johnson, Niall (2003). "Measuring a pandemic: Mortality, demography and geography". Popolazione e Storia: 31–52. 
  • Johnson, Niall (2003). "Scottish 'flu – The Scottish mortality experience of the "Spanish flu". Scottish Historical Review. 83 (2): 216–226. 
  • Johnson, Niall (2002). "Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918–1920 'Spanish' influenza pandemic". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 76: 105–15. 
  • Mendes, Shawn (1998). The Great Pandemic of The Greatest Plague in History
  • Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It (1999) ISBN 0-374-15706-5
  • Little, Jean (2007). If I Die Before I Wake: The Flu Epidemic Diary of Fiona Macgregor, Toronto, Ontario, 1918. Dear Canada. Markham, Ont.: Scholastic Canada. ISBN 9780439988377. 
  • Noymer, Andrew (2000). "The 1918 Influenza Epidemic's Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States". Population and Development Review. 26 (3): 565–581. ISSN 0098-7921. 
  • Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Innes W, Daniels RS, Johnson NP (2002). "World War I may have allowed the emergence of "Spanish" influenza". The Lancet infectious diseases. 2 (2): 111–4. PMID 11901642. 
  • Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Johnson NP, Daniels RS (1999). "Who's that lady?". Nat. Med. 5 (12): 1351–2. doi:10.1038/70913. PMID 10581070. 
  • Phillips, Howard (2003). The Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918: New Perspectives. London and New York: Routledge. 
  • Rice, Geoffrey W. (1993). "Pandemic Influenza in Japan, 1918-1919: Mortality Patterns and Official Responses". Journal of Japanese Studies. 19 (2): 389–420. ISSN 0095-6848. 
  • Rice, Geoffrey W. (2005). Black November: the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand. Canterbury University Press. ISBN 1-877257-35-4. 
  • Tumpey TM, García-Sastre A, Mikulasova A; et al. (2002). "Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (21): 13849–54. doi:10.1073/pnas.212519699. PMID 12368467. 

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