Pinehas
Pinehas (bahasa Ibrani: פִּינְחָס, Modern Pinəḥas Tiberias Pinchas; bahasa Inggris: Phinehas) adalah seorang imam, Imam Besar Yahudi ketiga, menggantikan ayahnya, Eleazar bin Harun menurut catatan Alkitab Ibrani atau Perjanjian Lama Alkitab Kristen. Ia adalah cucu keponakan Musa. Ibunya adalah salah seorang anak perempuan Putiel.[1]
Nama
Sejumlah pakar berpendapat nama Pinehas berasal dari bahasa Mesir Pa-nehasi dari kata "Nehesi" (akar kata nhjs) yang artinya "selatan" menunjuk kepada orang-orang dari daerah Nubia di sebelah selatan Mesir. Kemudian nama Mesir ini juga dipakai untuk memanggil orang Nubia dan orang berkulit hitam. dan[2][3] Orang-orang Yahudi menafsirkan nama ini dari gabungan kata Ibrani "peh" artinya "mulut" dan "nhsh", akar kata yang menghasilkan kata "nahash", artinya "ular" atau "tanda". Akar kata ini juga menghasilkan "nehoshet" (tembaga), "nahush" (perunggu) dan "nehusha" (tembaga atau perunggu).[4] The Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament menulis arti namanya sebagai "yang berkulit perunggu".[5]
, who distinguished himself as a youth at Shittim by his zeal against the Heresy of Peor: the immorality with which the Moabites and Midianites had successfully tempted the people ([[|]] Numbers:25:1-9-HE) to worship Baal-peor.
Peristiwa Baal Peor
The account appears immediately after the story of Balaam, who had been hired by the Moabite chieftain, Balak, to curse the Israelites. Balaam failed to do so, as God had literally put words in his mouth of blessing for Israel, instead (the first prayer said by Jews as part of their daily prayer service comes from this exact text). Having failed to curse them, Balaam left for his own country. The Book of Numbers asserts a direct connection between Balaam and the events at Peor, stating that the Moabites "caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor". ([[|]] Numbers:31:16-HE) Moses gave orders to kill all the idolaters, yet Zimri, the son of the Israelite prince Salu from the Tribe of Simeon, openly defied Moses and publicly showed his opinion to those standing at the Tabernacle entrance with Moses by going in to Cozbi, the daughter of the Midianite prince Sur. In a moment of great strength born of holy zeal, Phinehas went after them and ran them through with a spear simultaneously while they were apparently in coitus. He thus "stayed the plague" that had broken out among the people, and by which twenty-four thousand of them had already perished. ([[|]] Numbers:25-HE) God noticed that Phinehas showed loyalty and bravery for God. God decided not to destroy all of the children of Israel in anger because Phinehas had made atonement for their sins. God declared that Phinehas and his sons sons for all eternity, to receive divine recognition for this; a Covenant of Peace and the Covenant of an everlasting hereditary Priesthood.
The Christian book of Revelation mirrors this sentiment. (cf. [[|]] Rev:2:14-NIV) Revelation describes Jesus as speaking to one of seven Christian churches: "Nevertheless, I have a few things against you: You have people there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to entice the Israelites to sin by eating food sacrificed to idols and by committing sexual immorality."
Giving a more elaborated version of events, the 1st century Romano-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus asserts that Balaam sent for Balak and the princes of Midian and told them that, if they wished to bring evil upon Israel, they would have to make the Israelites sin. Balaam advised that they send the most beautiful women to seduce the Israelites to idolatry. This strategy succeeded, and soon many of the Israelites had been seduced (see Flavius Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews, Book IV, Chapter VI, Paragraphs 6-12).
Later activities
Phinehas also led the Israelite army against the Midianites to avenge this occasion. Among those slain in the expedition were five Midianite kings and Balaam, son of Beor. According to the Israelite roll-calls, the Israelites did not lose a man in the expedition. ([[|]] Numbers:31-HE)
Phinehas son of Eleazar appears again in the book of Joshua. When the tribes of Reuben and Gad, together with the half-tribe of Manasseh, depart to take possession of their lands beyond the Jordan, they build a great altar on the other side; the remainder of the Israelites mistake this for a separatist move to set up a new religious centre, and send Phinehas to investigate ([[]] Joshua:22:9-34-HE).
In addition to these episodes, Phinehas appears as the chief adviser in the war with the Benjamites. He is commemorated in Psalm 106:28-31.
According to [[|]] Chronicles:6:4-8-HE, his relation to Zadok is the following: Phinehas begat Abishua, Abishua begat Bukki, Bukki begat Uzzi, Uzzi begat Zerahiah, Zerahiah begat Meraioth, Meraioth begat Amariah, Amariah begat Ahitub, and Ahitub begat Zadok.
Menurut Kitab 1 Makabe, Pinehas adalah kakek moyang Matitiyahu.
Tradisi Yahudi
Pinchas is the name of the 41st weekly parshah or portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the eighth in the book of Numbers. The beginning of this parshah tells the judgement of Phinehas son of Eleazar; the end of the previous parshah tells of his zealous act.
Ada pepatah Yahudi "Berbuat seperti Zimri, tetapi minta dihargai seperti Pinehas" (עושה מעשה זמרי ומבקש שכר כפנחס ) untuk menyebut seorang munafik yang perbuatannya jahat (berkhianat) tetapi ingin dihargai sebagai pahlawan. Ini dicatat dalam Babylonian Talmud (Sotah, Pasal 22, halaman 2), untuk menggambarkan raja Hasmonean Alexander Jannaeus.[6].
Tradisi Kristen
Pinehas diperingati sebagai santo dalam Gereja Ortodoks Timur setiap tanggal 2 September.
Penafsiran anti kawin-campur
Di Amerika Serikat, perbuatan Pinehas dipakai oleh orang-orang yang anti kawin-campur antar ras untuk membuat undang-undang melarang perkawinan antar warna kulit berbeda, yang pernah dijalankan hingga tahun 1967.
Referensi
- ^ Keluaran 6:25
- ^ "Oxford Guide to the Bible" dan "Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon"
- ^ Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (1993). Oxford History of the Bible. hlm. 11.
- ^ nahash
- ^ Archer, Gleason; Harris, R. Laird; Waltke, Bruce (2003). Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago.
- ^ Hebrew Wikipedia (bahasa Ibrani: עושה מעשה זמרי ומבקש שכר כפנחס)