USS LST-678

{|class="infobox" style="width:315px;border-spacing:2px;"USS LST-678 |+

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;" |

KRI Teluk Ratai (509) di Palembang pada 2013

Sejarah Amerika Serikat Nama LST-678 Ganti nama Presque Isle, 31 Maret 1945 Asal nama Presque Isle County, MichiganPembangun American Bridge Company, Ambridge, PennsylvaniaPasang lunas 29 April 1944Diluncurkan 16 Juni 1944Mulai berlayar 30 Juni 1944Dipensiunkan 18 April 1947Dicoret 1 Mei 1959Identifikasi

• Nomor lambung: APB-44
• Tanda panggil: NFLK
• Nomor IMO: 5159870

Nasib Dijual sebagai kapal dagang sipil Indonesia Nama Teluk RataiAsal nama Teluk Ratai, bagian dari Teluk LampungDiperoleh 9 Februari 1967Dipensiunkan 15 Agustus 2019Ganti nama

• Teluk Sindoro, 1980-an
• Teluk Ratai, 2000-an

Pelabuhan daftar SurabayaIdentifikasi Nomor lambung: 509Status Dinonaktifkan, rencananya akan dilestarikan sebagai kapal museum |- ! colspan="2" height="30" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" | Ciri-ciri umum sebagai LST-678 Kelas dan jenis

• kelas LST-542
• kelas Teluk LangsaBerat benaman
• 1.625 ton panjang (1.651 t) ringan
• 4.080 ton panjang (4.145 t) penuhPanjang

328 ft (100 m)Lebar 50 ft (15 m)Sarat air

• dibongkar :
• 2 ft 4 in (0,71 m) haluan
• 7 ft 6 in (2,29 m) buritan
• dimuat :
• 8 ft 2 in (2,49 m) haluan
• 14 ft 1 in (4,29 m) buritanPendorong

2 × Mesin diesel General Motors 12-567, dua poros, kemudi kembarKecepatan 12 knot (22 km/h; 14 mph)Kapal dan pesawat
yang diangkut 2 × LCVPTentara 16 perwira, 147 tamtamaAwak kapal 7 perwira, 104 tamtamaSensor dan
sistem pemroses

• pada KRI Teluk Ratai
• Radar navigasi dan pencarian permukaan AN/SPS-21Senjata
• sebagai USS LST-678
• 8 × Meriam 40 mm
• 12 × Meriam 20 mm
• sebagai KRI Teluk Ratai
• 8 × Dudukan Meriam 37 mm tunggal

|- ! colspan="2" height="30" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" | Ciri-ciri umum sebagai Presque Isle

Kelas dan jenis Kapal barak kelas BenewahBerat benaman 4,000 tonPanjang 328 ft 0 in (99,97 m)Lebar 50 ft 0 in (15,24 m)Sarat air 11 ft 2 in (3,40 m)Kecepatan 12 knot (22 km/h; 14 mph)Awak kapal 141; 1,226 pasukanSenjata

• 2 × Dudukan meriam quad 40 mm
• 2 × Senapan mesin 05 in (127,0 mm)
• 4 × Senapan mesin .30 cal (7.62 mm)

|}USS LST-678 adalah landing ship tank kelas LST-542 yang dibuat untuk Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat selama Perang Dunia II. Kemudian dia dikonversi menjadi kapal barak kelas Benewah sebagai USS Presque Isle (APB-44), diberi nama dari Presque Isle County, Michigan. Dia diakuisisi oleh Angkatan Laut Indonesia pada tahun 1967 sebagai KRI Teluk Ratai (509) dan dinonaktifkan pada tahun 2019. Rencananya akan dilestarikan sebagai kapal museum.

Sejarah layanan

Lunas pertama USS LST-678 diletakkan pada tanggal 29 April 1944 oleh American Bridge Company, Ambridge, Pennsylvania. Dia diluncurkan pada 16 Juni 1944 dan ditugaskan pada 30 Juni 1944.

Perang Dunia II

Following shakedown in the Gulf of Mexico, LST-678 proceeded via the Panama Canal and San Diego to Pearl Harbor, which she departed on 24 January 1945 to participate in the invasion of Iwo Jima. Renamed as USS Presque Isle (APB-44) on 31 March 1945, she provided logistic support for the Iwo Jima campaign from 22 February to 3 March. At Saipan, she prepared for the invasion of Okinawa. At Okinawa, she participated in a diversionary landing on the southern coast on 1 April 1945, and that day rescued 188 men from LST-884 which had been hit by a kamikaze. On the 2nd she was assigned tender, housing, and supply duties. Departing Okinawa on 8 July, she spent the remainder of the war at San Pedro and Subic Bays, Philippines.

Layanan pasca perang

After the end of the war, she was assigned for Occupation of Japan from 20 September 1945 to 14 February 1946. In July 1946, she participated in Operation Crossroads, nuclear weapon tests in Bikini Atoll. Presque Isle was assigned to Task Unit 1.8.3 of Task Group 1.8, which was part of Joint Task Force One. Her task unit were responsible for delivering dispatches and boat services. The Joint Task Force One itself was formed on 11 January 1946. It followed the basic principles of amphibious task forces used during the war, with the incorporation of the necessity of scientific program. The staff of joint task force consisted of Army, Navy, and civilian scientific personnel.

Presque Isle was decommissioned on 18 April 1947, she entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Charleston Navy Yard. The ship was never reactivated and was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 May 1959.

She was sold for commercial service as Liberian-flagged MV Inagua Shipper. Along with MV Inagua Crest, Inagua Foam and Honduran-flagged MV Cal-Agro, Inagua Shipper were chartered by Military Sea Transportation Service in November 1962 to transport military cargo and passengers.

Layanan Angkatan Laut Indonesia

On 9 February 1967, MV Inagua Crest and MV Inagua Shipper were acquired by the Indonesian Navy and renamed as KRI Teluk Tomini (508) and KRI Teluk Ratai (509) respectively. As a former merchant ship, Teluk Ratai was rearmed with six, later increased to eight, Soviet 70-K 37 mm anti-aircraft guns in single mount. She was also equipped with AN/SPS-21 surface search and navigation radar.

In 1980s she was renamed as KRI Teluk Sindoro and in early 2000s she was renamed back to Teluk Ratai. The ship was transferred to Surabaya Military Sealift Unit of Military Sealift Command on 1 April 1990. Formerly she was assigned to Amphibious Ship Unit of Eastern Fleet Command.

While serving in the Indonesian Navy, Teluk Ratai was involved in various military operations, including transporting troops and its logistics to Indonesian outer islands, areas prone to disturbance, and to Indonesian borders with East Timor, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesian border with Malaysia, such as in Ambalat. She also took part in Navy's effort on national development through ABRI Masuk Desa program and Operation Bhakti Surya Bhaskara Jaya.

The ship transported logistics to areas affected by 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. On 8 February 2005, Teluk Ratai alongside KRI Teluk Langsa landed at beach in Calang, Aceh Jaya Regency. They were disembarking parts of three bailey bridges that will be used to connect road access from Banda Aceh and Meulaboh to the town that were cut off by the tsunami. On 22 February, she transported building materials, foods and drinking waters, water dispensers, tarpaulins, drums of gasolines, and various kinds of engine lubricants. The ship also carried various small arms from Teluk Bayur Naval Base, consisted of 50 M1 Garands, 13 SAFNs, 14 Owen guns, 3 Madsen M-50s, 1 Sten, 1 "Schmeiser", and 1 "Remington".

On 15 September 2012, Teluk Ratai alongside KRI Teluk Bone, another World War II veteran, participated in sailing pass as part of 2012 Sail Morotai. The sailing pass itself was held to commemorate the Battle of Morotai that began on 15 September 1944. The sailing pass also attended by other Indonesian and foreign warships.

Teluk Ratai landed on a beach south of Banyuwangi Naval Base on 17 March 2013 as part of a inter-service battalion-level exercise. She disembarked troops and vehicles of the 202nd Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Tajimalela". On 19 February 2016, the ship had gunnery exercise with her 37 mm guns in the waters off Gundul Island, part of Karimunjawa Islands.

On 15 August 2019, Teluk Ratai along with Teluk Bone were decommissioned in a ceremony held at 2nd Fleet Command HQ in Surabaya. The ceremony was presided over by Chief of Staff of Military Sealift Command. At the time of their decommissioning, they were the oldest warship in Indonesian Navy.

A meeting between Pariaman mayor and high-ranking officers of Navy Main Base II Padang was held on 7 June 2021. As the result of the meeting, Teluk Ratai was transferred to the Pariaman municipal government to be preserved as museum ship. She is planned to be moored at Central Pariaman District, either at Pauh Beach or behind Pauh Sports Center. As of 21 June, the Navy is processing the ship's administration, while the municipal government is discussing the resources needed to moored her and funds to tow the ship from her homeport at Surabaya to Pariaman. A meeting between Pariaman mayor and Commander of Navy Main Base II Padang was held again on 14 December, which discussed the development plan for the maritime museum that will includes Teluk Ratai.

Head of Pariaman City Public Works Department said on 4 January 2022 that the budget worth of 1.5 billion rupiah will be appropriated for works on the courtyard for Teluk Ratai berth at Pasir Pauh, Pariaman. The courtyard are 12 meters in width and 80 to 100 meters in length. The construction of the courtyard was planned to start in April 2022. In October 2022, the Mayor of Pariaman said that the municipal government can only provide 2 billion out of 10 billion rupiah in total to relocate the ship to Pariaman and has asked the central government for the funding.

Penghargaan

As USS Presque Isle, the ship earned the following awards:

American Campaign Medal
Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal		World War II Victory Medal		Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp

Referensi

• Artikel ini mengandung teks dari Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships yang berstatus domain umum. Entrinya bisa ditemukan di sini dan di sini.

• United States. Dept. of the Treasury (1962). Treasury Decisions Under the Customs, Internal Revenue, Industrial Alcohol, Narcotic and Other Laws, Volume 97. U.S. Government Printing Office. 
• Moore, Capt. John (1981). Jane's Fighting Ships 1981-82. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0710607287. 
• Sharpe, Capt. Richard (1989). Jane's Fighting Ships 1989-90. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0710608864. 
• Saunders, Cdre. Stephen (2004). Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0710626233. 
• Fairplay International Shipping Journal Volume 222. United Kingdom: Fairplay Publishing Limited. 1967.