Bandotan palem Asia
| Bandotan palem Asia | |
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| Ular bangkai laut, Trimeresurus albolabris | |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
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| Genus: | Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804
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| Sinonim | |
Bandotan palem Asia adalah kelompok mura yang hidup dan berkelana di atas pohon. Seluruhnya tersebar luas di Asia Selatan, Asia Tenggara, dan sebagian Asia Timur. Nama ilmiahnya berasal dari kata Tri="tiga", meros="bagian" atau "part", dan uros="ekor"; merujuk pada sisik ekornya yang terdiri dari tiga baris.[2][3]
Deskripsi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sumua jenis tinggal di atas pohon. Tubuhnya ramping dan agak panjang, kepala berukuran agak besar dan berbentuk segitiga mencolok seperti mata tombak. Makanan mereka adalah kadal, cecak, bunglon, katak pohon, burung, dan mamalia kecil pohon. Mayoritas jenis berkembang biak dengan beranak (ovovivipar).[4][5][6]
Spesies
[sunting | sunting sumber]Saat ini diketahui jumlah spesies dari marga ini lebih dari 30 spesies.[7][8][9][10][11]
- Trimeresurus albolabris (Gray, 1842) - Ular bangkai laut
- Trimeresurus andalasensis David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006 - Mura Andalas
- Trimeresurus andersonii Theobald, 1868
- Trimeresurus barati Regenass & Kramer, 1981
- Trimeresurus borneensis (Peters, 1872) - Mura kalimantan
- Trimeresurus brongersmai Hoge, 1969
- Trimeresurus buniana (Grismer, Grismer & Mcguire, 2006)
- Trimeresurus cantori (Blyth, 1846)
- Trimeresurus cardamomensis (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)
- Trimeresurus erythrurus (Cantor, 1839)
- Trimeresurus fasciatus (Boulenger, 1896) - Mura belang Tanah Jampea
- Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (Gray, 1842)
- Trimeresurus fucatus Vogel, David & Pauwels, 2004
- Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima, 1920
- Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw, 1802)
- Trimeresurus gumprechti David, Vogel, Pauwels & Vidal, 2002
- Trimeresurus gunaleni Vogel, David & Sidik, 2014
- Trimeresurus hageni (Lidth de Jeude, 1886) - Mura Hagen
- Trimeresurus honsonensis (Grismer, Ngo & Grismer, 2008)
- Trimeresurus insularis Kramer, 1977 - Mura kapak
- Trimeresurus kanburiensis Smith, 1943
- Trimeresurus labialis Steindachner, 1867
- Trimeresurus macrolepis Beddome, 1862
- Trimeresurus macrops Kramer, 1977
- Trimeresurus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1854)
- Trimeresurus malcolmi Loveridge, 1938
- Trimeresurus mcgregori Taylor, 1919
- Trimeresurus medoensis Zhao, 1977
- Trimeresurus mutabilis Stoliczka, 1870
- Trimeresurus nebularis Vogel, David & Pauwels, 2004
- Trimeresurus phuketensis Sumontha, Kunya, Pauwels, Nitikul & Punnadee, 2011
- Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 - Mura hijau Pope
- Trimeresurus puniceus (Boie, 1827) - Bandotan pohon
- Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (Gray, 1832)
- Trimeresurus rubeus (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)
- Trimeresurus sabahi Regenass & Kramer, 1981
- Trimeresurus schultzei Griffin, 1909
- Trimeresurus septentrionalis Kramer, 1977
- Trimeresurus sichuanensis (Guo & Wang, 2011)
- Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt, 1925
- Trimeresurus strigatus Gray, 1842
- Trimeresurus sumatranus (Raffles, 1822) - Mura hijau Sumatera
- Trimeresurus tibetanus Huang, 1982
- Trimeresurus toba David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009 - Mura Toba
- Trimeresurus trigonocephalus (Latreille, 1801)
- Trimeresurus truongsonensis Orlov, Ryabov, Thanh & Cuc, 2004
- Trimeresurus venustus Vogel, 1991
- Trimeresurus vogeli David, Vidal & Pauwels, 2001
- Trimeresurus wiroti Trutnau, 1981
- Trimeresurus yunnanensis Schmidt, 1925
Sumber-sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ http://www.reptile-database.org
- ^ "Trimeresurus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 27 September 2006.
- ^ Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
- ^ U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
- ^ Vogel, G. (2006) Venomous Snakes of Asia/Giftschlangen Asiens. Terralog, Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
- ^ Grismer, L.L., J.L. Grismer & J.A. McGuire (2006) A new species of pitviper of the genus Popeia (Squamata: Viperidae) from Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia. Zootaxa 1305: 1-19.
- ^ Kraus, F., Mink, D.G., Brown, W.M., 1996. Crotaline intergeneric relationships based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Copeia, 1996, 763-773.
- ^ Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R.S., 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32, 83-100.
- ^ Castoe, T.A., Parkinson, C.L., 2006. Bayesian mixed models and the phylogeny of pitvipers (Viperidae: Serpentes) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 39, 91-110.
- ^ David, Patrick; Vogel, Gernot; Dubois, Alain. 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1-51.
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Lacépède, B.G. 1804. Mémoire Sur plusieurs animaux de la Nouvelle-Hollande dont la description n'a pas encore été publiée. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 4: 184-211. (Trimeresurus, p. 209.)